{{short description|French island in the Mediterranean Sea}} thumb|upright=1.5|Topographic map of Porquerolles {{coord|43|00|N|6|13|E|region:FR-83_type:isle_source:dewiki|display=title}} '''Porquerolles''' ({{IPA|fr|pɔʁkəʁɔl}}; {{langx|oc|Porcairòlas}}), also known as the '''Île de Porquerolles''', is an island in the Îles d'Hyères, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Its land area is {{convert|1254|ha|km2 sqmi}} and in 2004, its population was about 200.
Porquerolles is the largest and most westerly of the Îles d'Hyères, about {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=in}} long by {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=in}} wide, with five small ranges of hills. The south coast is lined with cliffs, and on the north coast are the port and the beaches of Notre Dame, La Courtade and Plage d'Argent.
==History== thumb|left|Anse de la Courtade The island's village was established in 1820, with its lighthouse constructed in 1837 and its church in 1850. The entire island was purchased in 1912 by François Joseph Fournier, apparently as a wedding present for his wife; he planted {{convert|200|ha|acre|-2}} of vineyards, which produced a wine that was among the first to be classified as ''vin des Côtes de Provence''.
In 1971, the French government bought 80 percent of the island to preserve it from development. Much of the island is now part of the ''Port-Cros Parc National'' and the ''Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles'' nature conservation area.
Porquerolles is the setting for Georges Simenon's novels ''Le Cercle des Mahé'' (1946) and ''My Friend Maigret'' (1949), and for the 1964 novel ''Valparaiso''<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite book|title=Pseudonyms|author=Joseph F. Clarke|publisher=BCA|date=1977|page=122}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Freeling, Nicolas | title=Valparaiso | year=1971 | publication-date=1971 | publisher=Penguin | isbn=978-0-14-003289-5 }}</ref> by Nicolas Freeling.
Some scenes of the 1965 film ''Pierrot le Fou'' by Jean-Luc Godard were filmed in Porquerolles.
Since 2010, the island has hosted a jazz festival each summer known as "Jazz à Porquerolles".
==Climate== Porquerolles has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification ''Csa''). The average annual temperature in Porquerolles is {{cvt|16.8|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|605.7|mm}}, with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|24.8|C}}, and lowest in February, at around {{cvt|10.3|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Porquerolles was {{cvt|38.5|C}} on 7 August 2003; the lowest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-10.0|C}} on 2 February 1956.
{{Weather box |location = Porquerolles (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1949–present) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 20.0 |Feb record high C = 22.0 |Mar record high C = 23.5 |Apr record high C = 26.8 |May record high C = 32.9 |Jun record high C = 36.5 |Jul record high C = 37.0 |Aug record high C = 38.5 |Sep record high C = 33.1 |Oct record high C = 29.2 |Nov record high C = 24.8 |Dec record high C = 22.5 |year record high C = 38.5 |Jan high C = 13.2 |Feb high C = 13.5 |Mar high C = 15.9 |Apr high C = 18.1 |May high C = 22.0 |Jun high C = 26.0 |Jul high C = 28.7 |Aug high C = 29.0 |Sep high C = 25.5 |Oct high C = 21.3 |Nov high C = 16.7 |Dec high C = 13.8 |year high C = 20.3 |Jan mean C = 10.4 |Feb mean C = 10.3 |Mar mean C = 12.4 |Apr mean C = 14.5 |May mean C = 18.0 |Jun mean C = 21.8 |Jul mean C = 24.3 |Aug mean C = 24.8 |Sep mean C = 21.6 |Oct mean C = 18.0 |Nov mean C = 13.8 |Dec mean C = 11.1 |year mean C = 16.8 |Jan low C = 7.5 |Feb low C = 7.1 |Mar low C = 8.9 |Apr low C = 10.9 |May low C = 14.1 |Jun low C = 17.6 |Jul low C = 20.0 |Aug low C = 20.5 |Sep low C = 17.6 |Oct low C = 14.8 |Nov low C = 10.9 |Dec low C = 8.5 |year low C = 13.2 |Jan record low C = -7.0 |Feb record low C = -10.0 |Mar record low C = -5.8 |Apr record low C = 2.0 |May record low C = 6.4 |Jun record low C = 9.0 |Jul record low C = 10.2 |Aug record low C = 11.5 |Sep record low C = 9.7 |Oct record low C = 3.5 |Nov record low C = -1.2 |Dec record low C = -2.0 |year record low C = -10.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 64.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 48.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 42.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 56.5 |May precipitation mm = 33.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 28.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 8.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 15.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 85.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 96.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 66.3 |year precipitation mm = 605.7 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.0 |Feb precipitation days = 5.3 |Mar precipitation days = 4.7 |Apr precipitation days = 5.8 |May precipitation days = 4.0 |Jun precipitation days = 2.3 |Jul precipitation days = 0.8 |Aug precipitation days = 1.7 |Sep precipitation days = 4.3 |Oct precipitation days = 6.5 |Nov precipitation days = 7.6 |Dec precipitation days = 6.4 |year precipitation days = 55.5 |source 1 = Meteo France<ref>{{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180405175842/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_83069002.pdf | archivedate = 5 April 2018 | url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_83069002.pdf | title = Porquerolles (83) | work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records | publisher = Meteo France | language = French | accessdate = 5 April 2018}}</ref>}}
== Points of interest == * Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles * Port-Cros Parc National {{clear}}
== References == {{Reflist}} {{more footnotes|date=July 2016}} {{Wikivoyage|Porquerolles}} {{commons category|Porquerolles}} * [https://www.porquerolles.com/ Site officiel de Porquerolles] * [http://www.provenceweb.fr/e/var/porquerolles/porquerolles.htm ProvenceWeb: Ile de Porquerolles] * [http://www.portcrosparcnational.fr/ Port-Cros Parc National] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129152113/http://www.portcrosparcnational.fr/ |date=2014-11-29 }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Porquerolles}} Category:Car-free islands of Europe Category:Îles d'Hyères Category:Landforms of Var (department) Category:Populated places established in 1820 Category:Tourist attractions in Var (department) Category:French Riviera Category:Mediterranean islands Category:Islands of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
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