{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{bots|deny=Citation bot}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Porpidia albocaerulescens - Flickr - pellaea.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Porpidia albocaerulescens]]'' | taxon = Porpidia | authority = [[Körb.]] (1855) | type_species = ''[[Porpidia trullisata]]'' | type_species_authority = ([[Kremp.]]) Körb. (1855) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Haplocarpon'' {{au|[[M.Choisy]] (1936)}} *''Huilia'' {{au|[[Zahlbr.]] (1930)}} }}
'''''Porpidia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[crustose lichen]]s in the family [[Lecideaceae]].<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/> ''Porpidia'' species primarily inhabit [[siliceous rock]]s, pebbles, and stonework, with rare occurrences on bark, wood, and compacted soil. The [[thallus]], or body of the lichen, varies in appearance from thick and crusty to barely visible. It may form a continuous layer or develop cracks resulting in a segmented, {{lichengloss|areolate}} structure. The colour of the thallus ranges from grey and white to orange.
==Taxonomy== ''Porpidia'' was [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] by the German lichenologist [[Gustav Wilhelm Körber]] in 1855, with ''[[Porpidia trullisata]]'' designated as the [[type species]].<ref name="Körber 1855"/>
==Description==
Genus ''Porpidia'' consists of [[crustose lichen]]s, meaning the [[thallus]] (the main body of the lichen) is closely attached to the surface it grows on. The thallus can vary in appearance, from thick and scaly to almost invisible, and may be solid or cracked into small pieces called {{lichengloss|areoles}}. Its colour typically ranges from grey to white, though some species may show orange hues. A {{lichengloss|prothallus}}, a thin, often black or orange border between neighbouring lichens, may be present but is not always visible. The lichen's inner structure, or [[medulla (lichenology)|medulla]], may or may not react with [[iodine]] (I+ or I–), and some species produce powdery [[soredia]] for reproduction, while others do not. One species of ''Porpidia'' even has [[isidia]]—small, finger-like structures that aid in reproduction. The lichen's [[green algae]] partner is usually from the genera ''[[Trebouxia]]'' or ''[[Asterochloris]]''.<ref name="Fryday et al. 2024"/>
The [[apothecia]] (fruiting bodies) are common and can appear either scattered or in clusters. These round, dark brown to black {{lichengloss|discs}} are often relatively large, ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter, and may be coated with a frosty layer (a {{lichengloss|pruina}}). The apothecia have a distinct outer margin, which may fade as the lichen ages, and are seated directly on the surface of the thallus without a {{lichengloss|thalline margin}} (a rim formed by the thallus itself). The rim surrounding the apothecia is usually dark blue-black or brown, and made of tightly packed fungal filaments.<ref name="Fryday et al. 2024"/>
Under the surface, the reproductive layer (the [[hymenium]]) reacts with iodine (I+) to turn blue, a useful trait for identification. The [[ascus|asci]], the spore-producing sacs, each hold eight spores and have a distinctive shape called the "''Porpidia''-type". The {{lichengloss|ascospores}} are typically [[ellipsoid]] and measure 15–22 μm long, with a thick outer layer. In some species, other reproductive structures, known as [[conidiomata]], are present and often have a rough surface.<ref name="Fryday et al. 2024"/>
==Species== [[File:Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph 271655.jpg|thumb|right|''Porpidia cinereoatra'']] [[File:Porpidia crustulata - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|thumb|right|''Porpidia crustulata'']] [[File:Porpidia ochrolemma - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|thumb|right|''Porpidia ochrolemma'']] {{As of|2025|May}}, [[Species Fungorum]] accepts 41 species of ''Porpidia'':<ref name="CoL-Species Fungorum"/> *''[[Porpidia albocaerulescens]]'' {{small|(Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia cinereoatra]]'' {{small|(Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia circumnigrata]]'' {{small|(Vězda) Knežević & Mayrhofer (2008)}} *''[[Porpidia contraponenda]]'' {{small|(Arnold) Knoph & Hertel (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia crustulata]]'' {{small|(Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia degelii]]'' {{small|(H.Magn.) Lendemer (2014)}} *''[[Porpidia flavicunda]]'' {{small|(Ach.) Gowan (1989)}}<ref name="Gowan 1989"/> *''[[Porpidia flavocruenta]]'' {{small|Fryday & Buschbom (2005)}} - Austria, the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, and North America (Alaska)<ref name="Fryday 2005"/> *''[[Porpidia grisea]]'' {{small|Gowan (1989)}}<ref name="Gowan 1989"/> *''[[Porpidia hydrophila]]'' {{small|(Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia hypostictica]]'' {{small|L.Hu & Z.T.Zhao (2015)}}<ref name="Zhao et al. 2016"/> – China *''[[Porpidia irrigua]]'' {{small|Orange (2014)}}<ref name="Orange 2014"/> *''[[Porpidia islandica]]'' {{small|Fryday (2005)}} - Scotland and Iceland<ref name="Fryday 2005"/> *''[[Porpidia kashmirensis]]'' {{small|Fayyaz, Afshan, Niazi & Khalid (2022)}} – Pakistan *''[[Porpidia littoralis]]'' {{small|P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2018)}}<ref name="Elix & McCarthy 2018"/> – Australia *''[[Porpidia lowiana]]'' {{small|Gowan (1989)}}<ref name="Gowan 1989"/> *''[[Porpidia macrocarpa]]'' {{small|(DC.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia melinodes]]'' {{small|(Körb.) Gowan & Ahti (1993)}} *''[[Porpidia nadvornikiana]]'' {{small|(Vězda) Hertel (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia navarina]]'' {{small|U.Rupr. & Türk (2016)}}<ref name="Ruprecht et al. 2016"/> – Chile *''[[Porpidia ochrolemma]]'' {{small|(Vain.) Brodo & R.Sant. (1995)}} *''[[Porpidia pachythallina]]'' {{small|Fryday (2005)}} - British Isles<ref name="Fryday 2005"/> *''[[Porpidia platycarpoides]]'' {{small|(Bagl.) Hertel (1987)}} *''[[Porpidia rugosa]]'' {{small|(Taylor) Coppins & Fryday (2005)}} *''[[Porpidia seakensis]]'' {{small|Fryday (2020)}}<ref name="Spribille et al. 2020"/> – [[Alaska]] *''[[Porpidia shangrila]]'' {{small|Xin Y.Wang & Lu L.Zhang (2012)}}<ref name="Wang et al. 2012"/> – China *''[[Porpidia soredizodes]]'' {{small|(Lamy) J.R.Laundon (1989)}} *''[[Porpidia speirea]]'' {{small|(Ach.) Kremp. (1861)}} *''[[Porpidia squamosa]]'' {{small|Xin Y.Wang & Lu L.Zhang (2012)}}<ref name="Wang et al. 2012"/> – China *''[[Porpidia stephanodes]]'' {{small|(Stirt.) Hertel (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia striata]]'' {{small|Fryday (2005)}} - British Isles<ref name="Fryday 2005"/> *''[[Porpidia submelinodes]]'' {{small|Osyczka & Olech (2011)}}<ref name="Osyczka & Olech 2011"/> – Antarctica *''[[Porpidia subsimplex]]'' {{small|(H.Magn.) Fryday (2006)}} *''[[Porpidia superba]]'' {{small|(Körb.) Hertel & Knoph (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia thomsonii]]'' {{small|Gowan (1989)}}<ref name="Gowan 1989"/> *''[[Porpidia trullisata]]'' {{small|(Kremp.) Körb. (1855)}} *''[[Porpidia tuberculosa]]'' {{small|(Sm.) Hertel & Knoph (1984)}} *''[[Porpidia ulleungdoensis]]'' {{small|S.Y.Kond., L.Lőkös & J.P.Halda (2019)}}<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2019"/> – [[Ulleungdo]], South Korea *''[[Porpidia umbonifera]]'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) Rambold (1989)}} *''[[Porpidia vulcanoides]]'' {{small|Hertel & Fryday (2014)}} *''[[Porpidia zeoroides]]'' {{small|(Anzi) Knoph & Hertel (1984)}}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="CoL-Species Fungorum">{{cite web |title=''Porpidia'' |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/63PMS |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]. [[Species Fungorum]] |work=[[Catalogue of Life]] |accessdate=27 May 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="Elix & McCarthy 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Elix |first1=J.A. |last2=McCarthy |first2=P.M. |year=2018 |title=Ten new lichen species (Ascomycota) from Australia |journal=Australasian Lichenology |volume=82 |pages=20–59}}</ref>
<ref name="Fryday 2005">{{cite journal |last=Fryday |first=Alan M. |title=The genus ''Porpidia'' in northern and western Europe, with special emphasis on collections from the British Isles |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=37 |issue=1 |year=2005 |pages=1–35 |doi=10.1017/S0024282904014628}}</ref>
<ref name="Fryday et al. 2024">{{cite book |last1=Fryday |first1=A. |last2=Cannon |first2=P. |last3=Coppins |first3=B. |last4=Aptroot |first4=A. |last5=Sanderson |first5=A. |last6=Simkin |first6=J. |year=2024 |title=Lecideales, including ''Amygdalaria'', ''Bellemerea'', ''Bryobilimbia'', ''Cecidonia'', ''Clauzadea'', ''Farnoldia'', ''Immersaria'', ''Koerberiella'', ''Lecidea'', ''Lecidoma'', ''Porpidia'', ''Porpidinia'' and ''Romjularia'' (Lecideaeae) and ''Lopadium'' (Lopadiaceae) |series=Revisions of British and Irish Lichens |volume=40 |pages=32–33 |url=https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Lecideales.pdf}} {{OA}}</ref>
<ref name="Gowan 1989">{{cite journal |last=Gowan |first=S.P. |year=1989 |title=The lichen genus ''Porpidia'' (Porpidiaceae) in North America |journal=The Bryologist |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=25–59 |jstor=3244016 |doi=10.2307/3244016}}</ref>
<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2019">{{cite journal |last1=Kondratyuk |first1=S. Y. |last2=Halda |first2=J. P. |last3=Lőkös |first3=L. |last4=Yamamoto |first4=Y. |last5=Popova |first5=L. P. |last6=Hur |first6=J.-S. |title=New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 8 |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=61 |issue=1–2 |year=2019 |pages=101–135 |doi=10.1556/034.61.2019.1-2.8 |url=https://real.mtak.hu/93956/1/034.61.2019.1-2.8.pdf}}</ref>
<ref name="Körber 1855">{{cite book |last=Körber |first=G.W. |year=1855 |title=Systema lichenum Germaniae |publisher=Verlag von Trewendt & Granier |location=Breslau |page=221 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23747678#page/265/mode/1up}}</ref>
<ref name="Orange 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Orange |first1=Alan |title=''Porpidia irrigua'', a new species related to ''P. contraponenda'' |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=46 |issue=3 |year=2014 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1017/S0024282914000073}}</ref>
<ref name="Osyczka & Olech 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Osyczka |first1=Piotr |last2=Olech |first2=Maria |title=A new species of the genus ''Porpidia'' from Antarctica |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=43 |issue=4 |year=2011 |pages=367–371 |doi=10.1017/S002428291100017X}}</ref>
<ref name="Ruprecht et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Ruprecht |first1=Ulrike |last2=Søchting |first2=Ulrik |last3=Türk |first3=Roman |title=''Porpidia navarina'', a new endemic species from Isla Navarino (Southern Tierra del Fuego, Chile) |journal=Herzogia |volume=29 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=596–609 |doi=10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.596}}</ref>
<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Porpidia'' Körb. |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=4359 |publisher=[[Species Fungorum]] |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Spribille et al. 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Spribille |first1=Toby |last2=Fryday |first2=Alan M. |last3=Pérez-Ortega |first3=Sergio |last4=Svensson |first4=Måns |last5=Tønsberg |first5=Tor |last6=Ekman |first6=Stefan |last7=Holien |first7=Håkon |last8=Resl |first8=Philipp |last9=Schneider |first9=Kevin |last10=Stabentheiner |first10=Edith |last11=Thüs |first11=Holger |last12=Vondrák |first12=Jan |last13=Sharman |first13=Lewis |year=2020 |title=Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=61–181 |doi=10.1017/S0024282920000079 |pmid=32788812 |pmc=7398404 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Wang et al. 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Xin Yu |last2=Zhang |first2=Lu Lu |last3=Joshi |first3=Yogesh |last4=Wang |first4=Hai Ying |last5=Hur |first5=Jae Seoun |title=New species and new records of the lichen genus ''Porpidia'' (Lecideaceae) from western China |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=44 |issue=5 |year=2012 |pages=619–624 |doi=10.1017/S0024282912000242}}</ref>
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=LKT |last3=Al-Ani |first4=S |last4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free |hdl=10481/61998 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Zhao et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Xiang-Xiang |last2=Zhang |first2=Lu-Lu |last3=Miao |first3=Cong-Cong |last4=Zhao |first4=Zun-Tian |title=A new species of ''Porpidia'' from China |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=48 |issue=3 |year=2016 |pages=229–235 |doi=10.1017/S0024282916000128}}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7230357}}
[[Category:Porpidia|*]] [[Category:Lecideales genera]] [[Category:Lichen genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Gustav Wilhelm Körber]] [[Category:Taxa described in 1855]]