{{Short description|Town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}} {{Infobox Russian town |en_name=Poronaysk |ru_name=Поронайск |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|49|13|N|143|07|E|display=it}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Poronaysk (Sakhalinskaya oblast).gif
|coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Sakhalin Oblast |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref407" /> |adm_district_jur=Poronaysky District |adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref407" /> |adm_ctr_of=Poronaysky District |adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref407" /> |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref407" /> |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |urban_okrug_jur=Poronaysky Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref882" /> |mun_admctr_of=Poronaysky Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref882" /> |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=16120 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1869 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=42431 |dialing_codes_ref=<ref>[http://www.sakhalin.biz/info/ Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |website=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208161219/http://www.poronajsk.ru/ }}
'''Poronaysk''' ({{langx|ru|Поронайск}}; {{langx|ja|敷香町|Shisuka-chō}}; Ainu: ''Sistukari'' or ''Sisi Tukari''<ref>Bronisław Piłsudski, Jan Michał Rozwadowski, ''Materials for the study of the Ainu language and folklore'', Imperial academy of sciences (Spasowicz fund), 1912, p. 177.</ref>) is a town and the administrative center of Poronaysky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the Poronay River {{convert|288|km|sp=us}} north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=16,120|p2002=17,954|p1989=25,971}}
==History== It was founded in 1869 as a Russian outpost '''Tikhmenevsky''' near the Nivkh and Ainu settlements in the area.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} The Treaty of Portsmouth transferred it to Japanese control along with the rest of the southern half of the island of Sakhalin. It was renamed {{Nihongo|'''Shisuka'''|敷香町|Shisuka-chō}}, said to mean "Sisi Tukari (in front of the mountain)" or "Siika (big river)" in the Ainu language, remaining under Japanese control until the Soviet Army retook the whole of the island in 1945.
After the town had been granted to the Soviet Union, it was named Poronaysk in 1946, after the river on which it stands. The river's name is from Ainu ''poro nay'', meaning "broad river," "big river," or "growing river." Various Japanese place names such as Horonai (幌内) share the same etymology with Poronaysk.
==Administrative and municipal status== Within the framework of administrative divisions, Poronaysk serves as the administrative center of Poronaysky District and is subordinated to it.<ref name="Ref407">Law #25-ZO</ref> As a municipal division, the town of Poronaysk, one urban-type settlement, and eleven rural localities of Poronaysky District are incorporated as '''Poronaysky Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref882">Law #524</ref>
==Economy== Poronaysk has a paper mill, as well as timber and fishing industries. ''Sakhalinskaya GRES'' power station is supplied with coal from an open cut mine close to the town.
===Transportation=== The town lies on the island's railway network, as well as on the main highway connecting Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk with Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky.
==Climate== Poronaysk, owing to the cold Sea of Okhotsk surrounding the town, has a subarctic climate (''Dfc'') with short, mild and very foggy summers and very cold winters. {{Weather box|width = 70% |location=Poronaysk (extremes 1908–present) |single line=yes |metric first=yes |Jan record high C = 2.0 |Feb record high C = 5.5 |Mar record high C = 12.0 |Apr record high C = 19.8 |May record high C = 33.5 |Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jul record high C = 35.3 |Aug record high C = 35.0 |Sep record high C = 30.1 |Oct record high C = 23.5 |Nov record high C = 16.1 |Dec record high C = 8.4 |Jan high C = −9.6 |Feb high C = −7.7 |Mar high C = −2.1 |Apr high C = 3.6 |May high C = 9.1 |Jun high C = 13.7 |Jul high C = 17.0 |Aug high C = 19.3 |Sep high C = 17.0 |Oct high C = 10.2 |Nov high C = 0.6 |Dec high C = -7.8 |year high C= |Jan mean C = −14.9 |Feb mean C = −13.6 |Mar mean C = −6.8 |Apr mean C = 0.1 |May mean C = 5.0 |Jun mean C = 9.9 |Jul mean C = 13.9 |Aug mean C = 15.8 |Sep mean C = 12.3 |Oct mean C = 5.4 |Nov mean C = −4.0 |Dec mean C = −12.9 |year mean C= |Jan low C = −20.4 |Feb low C = −20.2 |Mar low C = −12.4 |Apr low C = −3.3 |May low C = 1.8 |Jun low C = 6.9 |Jul low C = 11.5 |Aug low C = 12.7 |Sep low C = 7.8 |Oct low C = 0.7 |Nov low C = -8.5 |Dec low C = −18.1 |year low C= |Jan record low C = −39.8 |Feb record low C = −39.1 |Mar record low C = −34.2 |Apr record low C = −23.5 |May record low C = −8.1 |Jun record low C = −2.5 |Jul record low C = 0.3 |Aug record low C = 1.5 |Sep record low C = −3.3 |Oct record low C = −13.2 |Nov record low C = −29.8 |Dec record low C = −36.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 31.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 23.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 44.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 60.0 |May precipitation mm = 72.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 69.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 86.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 101.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 105.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 101.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 53.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 41.7 |source 1 = [http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/32098.htm] |date=03/2020}}
==Sister city== *{{Flagdeco|Japan}} Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050307155915/http://gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/2003_Aka-Vass.pdf The Russian presence in Japan]</ref>
==Notable people== * Chiyo Nakamura, an author of Nivkh origin * Taihō Kōki, ''yokozuna''
==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}}
===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sak|adm|law}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sak|mun|list}}
{{Sakhalin Oblast}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Sakhalin Oblast Category:1869 establishments in the Russian Empire