{{short description|Members of the Ramu language family}} {{Infobox language family |name = Porapora River |altname = core Grass<br>Porapora River |region = East Sepik Province and Madang Province, Papua New Guinea |familycolor = Papuan |fam1 = Ramu |fam2 = Ramu proper |fam3 = Tamolan–Ataitan |child1 = Gorovu |child2 = Adjora |glotto = agoa1234 |glottorefname = Agoan }}
The '''Porapora languages''' (alternatively the '''core Grass''' or '''Porapora River''' languages) are a pair of closely related languages in the Ramu language family, Gorovu and Adjora (Abu), spoken along the border of East Sepik Province and Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. Foley classifies them as part of the Grass group of languages, but Usher break up the Grass languages. Foley (2018) included Aion (Ambakich) as well,<ref name="Foley-Sepik">{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=197–432 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}</ref> but it has since been shown to be one of the Keram languages.
==Phonemes== Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:<ref name=ngw>[https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/ramu-river/guam-and-moam-rivers/porapora-river New Guinea World, Porapora River]</ref>
:{| {{table}} | *m || *n || || *ŋ |- | *p || *t || *s || *k |- | *mb || *nd || [*ndz] || *ŋg |- | *w || *ɾ || *j || *ɣ |} Vowels are *i *ʉ *u *a.
==Pronouns== Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:<ref name=ngw/> :{| {{table}} ! !!singular!!dual!!plural |- !1st person | *[ŋg]u || *aŋgʉ || *ani |- !2nd person | *ŋu || *uŋgʉ || *uni |- !3rd person | *mV || ? || *mV-nʉ |} Adjora has {{gcl|1SG}} ''na'', but that derives from an oblique form.
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == * Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/ramu-river/guam-and-moam-rivers/porapora-river Proto–Porapora River]
{{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Porapora languages Category:Tamolan–Ataitan languages Category:Languages of Madang Province Category:Languages of East Sepik Province