Berberidaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}} {{Expand Spanish|Berberidaceae|topic=sci|date=December 2009}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Berberis darwinii shoot.jpg | image_caption = ''Berberis darwinii'' shoot with flowers | taxon = Berberidaceae | authority = Juss. | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}

The '''Berberidaceae''' are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the '''barberry''' family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=CHRISTENHUSZ|first=MAARTEN J.M.|last2=BYNG|first2=JAMES W.|date=2016-05-20|title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase|journal=Phytotaxa|language=en|volume=261|issue=3|pages=201|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1|issn=1179-3163|doi-access=free}}</ref> of which the majority are in the genus ''Berberis''. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.

==Taxonomy== The APG IV system of 2016 recognises the family and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|date=2016-05-01|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|issn=1095-8339|doi-access=free}}</ref>

In some older treatments of the family, Berberidaceae only included four genera (''Berberis, Epimedium, Mahonia, Vancouveria''), with the other genera treated in separate families, Leonticaceae (''Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Gymnospermium, Leontice''), Nandinaceae (''Nandina''), and Podophyllaceae (''Achlys, Diphylleia, Dysosma, Jeffersonia, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Sinopodophyllum'').

''Mahonia'' is very closely related to ''Berberis'', and included in it by many botanists. However, recent DNA-based phylogenetic research has reinstated ''Mahonia'', though with a handful of species transferred into the newly described genera ''Alloberberis'' (formerly ''Mahonia'' section ''Horridae'') and ''Moranothamnus'' (formerly ''Mahonia claireae'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yu|first=Chih-Chieh|last2=Chung|first2=Kuo-Fang|date=2017-12-22|title=Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus|journal=Taxon|volume=66|issue=6|pages=1371–1392|doi=10.12705/666.6}}</ref> Species of ''Mahonia'' and ''Berberis'' can be hybridised, with the hybrids being classified in the genus ''× Mahoberberis''.<ref name="USDA-PLANTS-Mahoberberis">{{cite web | title=Plants Profile for Mahoberberis | website=USDA PLANTS | url=http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=MAHOB | access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref><ref name="CABI-ISC-PG">{{cite web | title=Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | website=Invasive Species Compendium | publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International | date=2019-12-10 | url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45797 | access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref>

''Diphyllaea'' is closely related to or perhaps embedded within ''Podophyllum.'' Instead of the current trend to subdivide ''Podophyllum'' into three genera (''Podophyllum'', plus ''Dysosma'' and ''Sinopodophyllum''), inclusion of ''Diphyllaea'' in a larger ''Podophyllum'' is equally warranted.

Genera are displayed in the following cladogram {{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Alloberberis'' C. C. Yu & K. F. Chung |2=''Berberis'' L. including ''Mahonia'' Nutt. — barberry |4=''Moranothamnus'' }} |2=''Ranzania'' T. Itô (Japan) }} |2={{clade |1=''Nandina'' Thunb. — heavenly bamboo (eastern Asia from the Himalaya to Japan) |2={{clade |1=''Caulophyllum'' Michx. — blue cohosh |2=''Gymnospermium'' Spach }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Bongardia'' C. A. Mey. |2={{clade |1=''Achlys'' DC. — vanilla-leaf |2={{clade |1=''Diphylleia'' Michx. (southern Appalachian Mountains, northern Japan, and China) |2={{clade |1=''Dysosma'' (China) |2=''Podophyllum'' L. — mayapple (North America and Asia) |3=''Sinopodophyllum'' (Afghanistan, Bhutan, northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, and western China) }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Epimedium'' L. |2=''Vancouveria'' Morren & Decne. — inside-out flower (western U.S.) }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Jeffersonia'' W. Bartram — twinleaf |2=''Plagiorhegma'' Maxim. }} }} |3=''Leontice'' L. (Middle East to Central and Western Asia) }}

==Gallery== <gallery> Berberidaceae_California_Barberry.jpg|''Berberis pinnata'' (California barberry) Berberidaceae Mahonia Swaseyi.jpg|''Berberis swaseyi'' Berberis darwinii from the Berberidaceae (8406231651).jpg|''Berberis darwinii'' (''calafate'' or ''michay'') Berberis empetrifolia, fruit (8625238212).jpg|''Berberis empetrifolia'', fruit </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Berberidaceae}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516175157/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/berberid.htm Berberidaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20061101100636/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/leontica.htm Leonticaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060310092635/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/nandinac.htm Nandinaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426024959/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/podophyl.htm Podophyllaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The families of flowering plants.''] * [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Berberidaceae Berberidaceae links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013060757/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Berberidaceae |date=2008-10-13 }} * [http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/PIC_FAMILIES_SIMPLE_Berberidaceae.php Chilean Berberidaceae, by Chileflora]

Category:Berberidaceae Category:Eudicot families Category:Flora of Nepal