{{Short description|Church in Peru}} {{Redirect|Plazuela Chabuca Granda|the promenade in central Lima|Alameda Chabuca Granda}} {{Infobox church | name = Hermitage of Barranco | image = La Iglesia Ermita de Barranco, Lima.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | country = [[Peru]] | denomination = [[Catholic]] | address = | website = <!-- {{URL| example.com}} --> | status = Closed | founded = 18th century | founder = | dedication = | dedicated = | consecrated = | architect = | architectural_type = [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] | style = | years_built = | groundbreaking = | completed = | construction_cost = | closed = 1974 | capacity = | archdiocese = [[Archdiocese of Lima|Lima]] }} The '''Hermitage of Barranco''' ({{langx|es|Ermita de Barranco}}), formerly known as the '''Templo de la Santísima Cruz''' and later as '''Santísima Cruz de Barranco''', is a [[Catholic]] [[church building]] in [[Barranco District]], [[Lima]], [[Peru]]. It is located in the district's historic centre and once served as the district's [[Capital city|capital]] and [[cathedral]], next to the [[Bridge of Sighs (Lima)|Bridge of Sighs]], and has been closed since 1974 due to the damages caused by [[1974 Lima earthquake|that year's earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alcalde de Barranco: "Propusimos [restaurar la ermita] pero no hubo respuesta" |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/alcalde-de-barranco-propusimos-restaurar-la-ermita-pero-no-hubo-respuesta-entrevista-noticia/ |last=Raffo |first=Francesca |date=2022-02-12 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Barranco: siete inmuebles de la Zona monumental presentan graves daños |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/barranco-siete-inmuebles-de-la-zona-monumental-presentan-graves-danos-mapa-y-fotos-ermita-de-barranco-casona-municipalidad-de-barranco-derrumbe-puente-de-los-suspiros-noticia/ |last=Cayetano |first=José |date=2023-06-07 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref>
The '''Plazuela Chabuca Granda''', named after the [[Chabuca Granda|Peruvian singer]] who dedicated [[El puente de los suspiros (song)|a song]] to the bridge, serves as the main public area outside the church and features [[Monument to Chabuca Granda|two statues]] by sculptor Fausto Jaulis dedicated to Granda and [[José Antonio de Lavalle y García]], the subject of [[José Antonio (song)|another song]] of hers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chabuca Granda: cinco lugares que puedes visitar para recordarla |url=https://elcomercio.pe/vamos/peru/chabuca-granda-cinco-lugares-puedes-visitar-recordarla-puente-suspiros-jose-antonio-superba-fotos-noticia-nndc-671972-noticia/ |date=2019-09-04 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> It was inaugurated on October 24, 1992.<ref name=Barranco2016>{{Cite book |title=Plan Distrital de Seguridad Ciudadana del Distrito de Barranco |publisher=Municipalidad de Barranco |year=2016 |pages=13, 15 |language=es |url=https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/3008593/Ordenanza_447-2016-MDB.pdf.pdf}}</ref>
==History== The location of the church is traditionally considered the origin of the district, with an 18th-century legend claiming that two Indian fishermen who had become [[Castaway|lost at sea]] managed to find their way to the shore through a light cast by a cross located there.<ref name=MuniBarranco>{{Cite web |url=https://munibarranco.gob.pe/historia-de-barranco/ |title=Historia de Barranco |website=Municipalidad de Barranco |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610114719/https://munibarranco.gob.pe/historia-de-barranco/ |archive-date=2022-06-10}}</ref><ref name=Barranco2016/>
The church was built in the mid-18th century as a small chapel where humble fishermen and travelers attended mass, financed by a Mr. Caicedo, a baker and devout Catholic.<ref name=MuniBarranco/><ref name=Orrego>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/juanluisorrego/2011/05/31/la-ermita-de-barranco/ |title=La Ermita de Barranco |date=2011-05-31 |website=[[Blog PUCP]] |last=Orrego Penagos |first=Juan Luis}}</ref> Caicedo died at the end of the century, leaving the project incomplete, which was finished with the name of '''Templo de la Santísima Cruz''' in honour of the fishermen's miracle.<ref name=MINCETUR>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mincetur.gob.pe/TURISMO/OTROS/inventario%20turistico/Ficha.asp?cod_Ficha=3318 |title=La Ermita de Barranco |date=2012-08-07 |website=[[MINCETUR]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129082659/http://www.mincetur.gob.pe/TURISMO/OTROS/inventario%20turistico/Ficha.asp?cod_Ficha=3318 |archive-date=2016-11-29}}</ref>
In 1874, it was chosen as the centre and capital of the town of [[Barranco District|San José de Surco]], created by [[Manuel Pardo y Lavalle]] on October 26, with the neighbourhoods of Talana, Condesa, Ollería, Tejada, Larrión and Pacayar under its jurisdiction, bordered to the north by the Quebrada honda de Armendáriz and the chacra del Cuadrado to the south.<ref name=MuniBarranco/>
On January 14, 1881,<ref name=MINCETUR/> the unfinished church was looted and [[conflagration|destroyed by a fire]], both perpetrated by the [[Chilean Army]], during the [[War of the Pacific]], it was rebuilt in 1882 through funds acquired by [[Chaplain]] Manuel de la Fuente Chávez from local donations and some funds from [[Patricio Lynch]].<ref name=MuniBarranco/><ref name=Orrego/>
On December 12, 1903, the archbishop of Lima accepted the district's 1900 request that the church be elevated to a [[parish]],<ref name=MuniBarranco/> independent from [[Santiago de Surco|Surco]] and [[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]], with the temple now known as the ''Santísima Cruz de Barranco'' and under the direction of de la Fuente (1903–1913, died in office). After de la Fuente's death, he was succeeded by the [[Spaniard]] Santiago Roca (1914–1937).<ref name=Orrego/>
===Damage and gradual replacement=== The church was damaged during the [[1940 Lima earthquake]],<ref name=MuniBarranco/> leading to a request being made to the archbishop, requesting his authorisation to build a new church, which was granted in 1942 and with construction works starting in 1944 before being ultimately consecrated by [[Juan Landázuri Ricketts]] on June 1, 1963,<ref name=Barranco2016/><ref name=Orrego/> in a ceremony attended by the church's patrons, siblings Pedro and Angélica de Osma Gildemeister.<ref name=Barranco2016/> The original church was declared a historic monument subject to the care of the National Conservation Council, and renovated in 1960 by th pro-restoration committee established by architect Alberto Aranzaens in 1957.<ref name=MINCETUR/> In was subsequently declared part of the [[cultural heritage of Peru]] in 1972, through Supreme Resolution 2972-ED.<ref name=MINCETUR/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmf.org/project/la-ermita-de-barranco |title=La Ermita de Barranco |website=[[World Monuments Fund]]}}</ref>
It was again damaged during the [[1974 Lima earthquake]] and has since been closed to the public.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Planean reconstruir capilla de Barranco |url=http://elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/planean-reconstruir-capilla-barranco-noticia-325006 |date=2009-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129144907/http://elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/planean-reconstruir-capilla-barranco-noticia-325006 |archive-date=2016-11-29 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Reconstruyen la Ermita de Barranco |url=http://diariocorreo.pe/ciudad/reconstruyen-la-ermita-de-barranco-672097/ |last=Caruajulca |first=Aurora |date=2016-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129085118/http://diariocorreo.pe/ciudad/reconstruyen-la-ermita-de-barranco-672097/ |archive-date=2016-11-29 |work=[[Diario Correo]]}}</ref> In 2016, reconstruction works were reported to be carried out by the ''Plan COPESCO Nacional''.<ref name=MuniBarranco/>
==See also== *[[Bridge of Sighs (Lima)]] *[[1974 Lima earthquake]] *[[Chabuca Granda]]
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Lima landmarks}}
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[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Lima]] [[Category:Barranco District]]