{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Plaffeien | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Plaffeien.jpg | image_caption = Plaffeien village | imagepath_flag = CHE Plaffeien Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Plaffeien COA.svg | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[Sense (district)|Sense]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|44|N|7|17|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1716 Plaffeien<br />1716 [[Oberschrot]]<br />1716 [[Schwarzsee]]<br />1719 [[Zumholz FR|Zumholz]] | municipality_code = 2299 | area = 66.53 | elevation = 856|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2299}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.plaffeien.ch | mayor = Daniel Bürdel |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = [[Amtmann|Ammann]] |list_of_mayors = | places = [[Schwarzsee]] | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Brünisried]], [[Giffers]], [[Jaun, Switzerland|Jaun]], [[Plasselb]], [[Rechthalten]], [[Tafers]] and [[Val-de-Charmey]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]], such as [[Boltigen]], [[Guggisberg]] and [[Oberwil im Simmental]] in the canton of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]]. | twintowns = [[Kasterlee]] ([[Belgium]]) |}} '''Plaffeien''' ({{langx|fr|Planfayon}}; {{langx|frp|Pllanfayon}} {{IPA|frp|plɑ̃faˈjɔ̃||Frp-greverin-Planfayon.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Sense (district)|Sense]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is one of the municipalities with a large majority of German speakers in the mostly French speaking Canton of Fribourg.
==History== Plaffeien is first mentioned in 1148 as ''Planfeiun''. In 1339 it was mentioned as ''Blanfeyen''.<ref name=HDS/>
=== Name === The name Plaffeien probably comes from the Latin "planum-fageum" meaning [[beech forest]] and therefore may date to the [[Switzerland in the Roman era|Roman era]]. The spelling of the name changed over time. In addition to the spellings given above, in the 13th century it was ''Planfeium'', followed by ''Plainfaon'' or ''Planfeyen''. Beginning around the 16th century the name became ''Plaffeyen''. To match the standard German orthography of the German Empire, an 1899 Swiss federal decree changed the "y" in German place names into an "i", changing the official name to "Plaffeien".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Der Name "Plaffeien"|url=https://www.plaffeien.ch/geschichte/391|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.plaffeien.ch|language=de-CH}}</ref>
=== Brief history === During the Roman era Plaffeien was probably a village of romanised [[Celts]]. Beginning around the end of the fifth century, the German speaking [[Alemanni]] slowly moved into the area and settled.<ref name=Brief>{{Cite web|title=Plaffeien|url=https://www.plaffeien.ch/geschichte/389|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.plaffeien.ch|language=de-CH}}</ref>
The first written records of Plaffeien are from [[Rüeggisberg Priory]] in 1148, which mention a village church. The church was probably built a few years previously. When the church was demolished in 1762, a stone with the year 1143 was discovered. A village school was established before 1717.<ref name=Brief/>
In the 14th century, the nobleman Wilhelm von Englisberg donated a forest and the [[Common land|commons]] to the village, with the requirement that a [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] be held in his honor every year on 25 July. This mass is still held every year.<ref name=Brief/>
Plaffeien became a [[bailiwick]] of [[Fribourg]] in 1486 and remained so until the [[French invasion of Switzerland]] in 1798. Plaffeien's location along the road to the [[Euschelspass]] and on the banks of the [[Sense (river)|Sense river]] meant the area was invaded several times during the wars between Bern and Fribourg. During the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] the village remained with the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith.<ref name=Brief/>
=== The village fire === On 31 May 1906, much of Plaffeien was destroyed in about two hours by a fire. A total of 51 houses burned down, 15 in the village of Oberschrot and 36 in Plaffeien, leaving 62 families or 274 people homeless. They began rebuilding in the summer of 1906 and the [[corner stone]] of the current church was laid on 26 April 1908. A new plan was drawn up for the village, replacing the old village with its narrow winding streets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Der Dorfbrand|url=https://www.plaffeien.ch/geschichte/387|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.plaffeien.ch|language=de-CH}}</ref>
=== Merger === In 2017 the former municipalities of [[Zumholz]] and [[Oberschrot]] merged into the municipality of Plaffeien.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{in lang|de}} accessed 10 January 2017</ref>
==Geography== [[File:Plaffeien 1665.jpg|thumb|left|Plaffeien and Oberschrot municipalities]] [[File:ETH-BIB-Schwarzsee,_Hohberg,_Ättenberg,_Pfyffe_v._S._aus_2000_m-Inlandflüge-LBS_MH01-004561.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view from 2000 m by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1925)]] After the 2017 merger Plaffeien had an area of {{Swiss area|2299|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|2299|QUELLE}}
Before the merger Plaffeien had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of {{convert|59.41|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Of this area, about 48.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 38.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 10.9% is unproductive land. In the 2013/18 survey a total of {{convert|104|ha|acre|abbr=on}} or about 1.7% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of {{convert|38|ha|acre|abbr=on}} over the 1981 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by {{convert|7|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and is now about 0.20% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, {{convert|4|ha|acre|abbr=on}} is used for orchards and vineyards, {{convert|638|ha|acre|abbr=on}} is fields and grasslands and {{convert|2446|ha|acre|abbr=on}} consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1981 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by {{convert|239|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by {{convert|242|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Rivers and lakes cover {{convert|119|ha|acre|abbr=on}} in the municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung.gnpdetail.2016-0436.html |title=Arealstatistik Land Use – Gemeinden nach 10 Klassen |date=24 November 2016 |website=landuse-stat.admin.ch |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=SFSO2016>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/regionalstatistik/regionale-portraets-kennzahlen/gemeinden/daten-erlaeuterungen.assetdetail.328115.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits] accessed 27 October 2016</ref>
The municipality is located in the Sense district. The village of Plaffeien is located about {{convert|12|km|abbr=on}} south-east of [[Fribourg]]. In addition to the village, the municipality includes the Muscherenschlund valley, the [[Schwarzsee]] valley and the peak of the [[Schafberg (Bernese Alps)|Schafberg]] at an elevation of {{convert|2235|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.
==Coat of arms== The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Sable a Bar Argent.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-fr238.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 16-December-2011</ref>
In black a silver bar covered with two blue wave borders, over which lies a golden lily.
In black a silver bar (old coat of arms of the Plaffeien municipality). In the upper area as symbol of unity a golden lily (lily of the Lords of Maggenberg, from the old coats of arms of the municipalities Oberschrot and Zumholz). The two blue wave ridges symbolise the natural, species-rich river landscape of the [[Sense (river)|Sense]] and the historically and culturally important Dütschbach, both of which flow through the area of the future municipality.
The newly created coat of arms of the BOPPZ five merger project has been adopted unchanged. Only in the [[blazon]]ing (description) has the Dütschbach taken the place of the Aergera and with regard to the lily of the Lords of Maggenberg, reference is made to the current coats of arms of the municipalities of Oberschrot and Zumholz. The coat of arms as well as its blazoning has been positively assessed by the State Archives Freiburg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Das neue Gemeindewappen von Plaffeien|url=https://www.plaffeien.ch/geschichte/8130|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.plaffeien.ch|language=de-CH}}</ref>
==Demographics== [[File:Gemeindhaus Plaffeien.JPG|thumb|Town hall of Plaffeien]] [[File:Plaffeien 3401.jpg|thumb|Plaffeien village]] Plaffeien has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-FR|2299}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR}} {{as of|2008}}, 6.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref name=HDS_superweb>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981–2008] {{in lang|de}} accessed 19 June 2010</ref> Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of −3.5%. Migration accounted for −0.1%, while births and deaths accounted for −0.3%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 16-December-2011</ref>
Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[German language|German]] (1,774 or 91.5%) as their first language, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] is the second most common (76 or 3.9%) and [[French language|French]] is the third (50 or 2.6%). There are 4 people who speak [[Italian language|Italian]] and 1 person who speaks [[Romansh language|Romansh]].<ref name=STAT2000/>
{{as of|2008}}, the population was 50.8% male and 49.2% female. The population was made up of 900 Swiss men (46.8% of the population) and 77 (4.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 893 Swiss women (46.5%) and 52 (2.7%) non-Swiss women.<ref name=FR_STAT>[http://appl.fr.ch/stat_statonline/alacarte/etape1.asp?langue=de&initMenu=1 Canton of Fribourg Statistics] {{in lang|de}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> Of the population in the municipality, 899 or about 46.4% were born in Plaffeien and lived there in 2000. There were 588 or 30.3% who were born in the same canton, while 244 or 12.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 162 or 8.4% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>
{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.9%.<ref name=SFSO/>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 852 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 875 married individuals, 123 widows or widowers and 88 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=9 April 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 2 February 2011</ref>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 799 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 275 households that consist of only one person and 60 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 773 apartments (66.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 319 apartments (27.3%) were seasonally occupied and 76 apartments (6.5%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref> {{as of|2009}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 4.2 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/> The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 0.56%.<ref name=SFSO/>
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1030|Plaffeien}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850–2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=30 September 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:400 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:80 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1811 from:start till:453 text:"453" bar:1850 from:start till:920 text:"920" bar:1860 from:start till:887 text:"887" bar:1870 from:start till:912 text:"912" bar:1880 from:start till:1040 text:"1,040" bar:1888 from:start till:1054 text:"1,054" bar:1900 from:start till:1124 text:"1,124" bar:1910 from:start till:1315 text:"1,315" bar:1920 from:start till:1364 text:"1,364" bar:1930 from:start till:1367 text:"1,367" bar:1941 from:start till:1466 text:"1,466" bar:1950 from:start till:1449 text:"1,449" bar:1960 from:start till:1352 text:"1,352" bar:1970 from:start till:1448 text:"1,448" bar:1980 from:start till:1453 text:"1,453" bar:1990 from:start till:1650 text:"1,650" bar:2000 from:start till:1938 text:"1,938" bar:2010 from:start till:1911 text:"1,911" </timeline>
==Heritage sites of national significance== [[File:Plaffeien Kirche.jpg| thumb| Maria Geburt [[parish church]]]] The Maria Geburt [[parish church]] is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]]. The entire village of Plaffeien is part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html |title= Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|date= 1 January 2018|website=A-Objects |publisher=Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS) |access-date= 17 August 2020}}</ref>
==Twin Town== Plaffeien is [[town twinning|twinned]] with the town of [[Kasterlee]], [[Belgium]].<ref>[http://www.asccre.ch/N195/fribourg-freiburg-friburgo/?M=217 Conseil des Communes et Regions d'Europe] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120721131204/http://www.asccre.ch/N195/fribourg-freiburg-friburgo/?M=217 |date=21 July 2012 }} {{in lang|fr}} accessed 27 April 2011</ref>
==Politics== In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 48.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (24.3%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (11.4%) and the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (5.0%). In the federal election, a total of 644 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 42.7%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the CVP increased sharply from 18.5% in 2011 to 24.3% in 2015 and the SVP increased sharply from 36.3% in 2011 to 48.3% in 2015.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |date=2 August 2016 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 18 July 2016</ref>
In the [[2011 Swiss federal election|2011 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 36.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (18.5%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (12.1%) and the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (11.5%).<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref>
The SVP gained an additional 6.4% of the vote from the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 Federal election]] (30.0% in 2007 vs 36.3% in 2011). The CVP lost popularity (27.0% in 2007), the SPS moved from below fourth place in 2007 to third and the FDP retained about the same popularity (14.0% in 2007). A total of 597 votes were cast in this election, of which 6 or 1.0% were invalid.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref>
==Economy== Plaffeien is an industrial-tertiary municipality, a municipality where agriculture and manufacturing play a minor role in the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/querschnittsthemen/raeumliche-analysen/raeumliche-gliederungen/analyseregionen.assetdetail.335600.html|title=Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016 |publisher= Swiss Federal Statistical Office |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |language=de, fr, it, en |date=17 February 2016 |accessdate= 14 December 2016}}</ref>
{{as of|2014|In 2014}}, there were a total of 1,207 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 112 people worked in 48 businesses in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]]. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 380 workers in 28 separate businesses. A minority (16.3%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 7 small businesses with a total of 146 employees and one mid sized business with a total of 172 employees. Finally, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] provided 715 jobs in 118 businesses. There were 15 small businesses with a total of 397 employees.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.331681.html Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse] accessed 31 October 2016</ref>
In 2014 a total of 5.1% of the population received social assistance.<ref name=SFSO2016/>
In 2015 local hotels had a total of 18,465 overnight stays, of which 12.2% were international visitors.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.252702.html Federal Statistical Office – Hotellerie: Ankünfte und Logiernächte der geöffneten Betriebe] accessed 31 October 2016</ref>
{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} the total number of [[full-time equivalent]] jobs was 802. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 62, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 289 of which 220 or (76.1%) were in manufacturing and 69 (23.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 451. In the tertiary sector; 159 or 35.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 43 or 9.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 89 or 19.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 16 or 3.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 25 or 5.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 50 or 11.1% were in education and 22 or 4.9% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>
{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 474 workers who commuted into the municipality and 491 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.<ref name=commuter>[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date=4 August 2012 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref> Of the working population, 9% used public transportation to get to work, and 60.4% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>
==Religion== [[File:Plaffeien Preghejo (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 97.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaffeien Roman Catholic church]] From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 1,528 or 78.8% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 167 or 8.6% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. Of the rest of the population, there were 13 [[Orthodoxy#Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (or about 0.67% of the population), and there were 11 individuals (or about 0.57% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 84 (or about 4.33% of the population) who were [[Islam]]ic. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 81 (or about 4.18% of the population) belonged to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 57 individuals (or about 2.94% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>
==Climate== Plaffeien has an average of 128.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|1200|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is August during which time Plaffeien receives an average of {{convert|147|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 14.0, but with only {{convert|145|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is February with an average of {{convert|52|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 8.4 days.<ref name=MeteoSwiss/>
{{Weather box |location = Plaffeien, elevation {{convert|1042|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan high C = 2.4 | Feb high C = 3.0 | Mar high C = 6.8 | Apr high C = 10.6 | May high C = 14.7 | Jun high C = 18.5 | Jul high C = 20.6 | Aug high C = 20.2 | Sep high C = 15.6 | Oct high C = 11.4 | Nov high C = 6.2 | Dec high C = 3.5 | year high C = 11.1 | Jan mean C = -0.4 | Feb mean C = -0.2 | Mar mean C = 3.1 | Apr mean C = 6.4 | May mean C = 10.4 | Jun mean C = 14.1 | Jul mean C = 16.1 | Aug mean C = 15.9 | Sep mean C = 11.8 | Oct mean C = 8.0 | Nov mean C = 3.3 | Dec mean C = 0.5 | year mean C = 7.4 | Jan low C = -3.3 | Feb low C = -3.2 | Mar low C = -0.3 | Apr low C = 2.6 | May low C = 6.3 | Jun low C = 10.0 | Jul low C = 11.9 | Aug low C = 11.9 | Sep low C = 8.4 | Oct low C = 4.9 | Nov low C = 0.5 | Dec low C = -2.4 | year low C = 3.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 54.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 52.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 66.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 87.3 |May precipitation mm = 145.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 138.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 144.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 147.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 110.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 103.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 75.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 75.3 |year precipitation mm = 1199.7 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 9.0 | Feb precipitation days = 8.4 | Mar precipitation days = 9.7 | Apr precipitation days = 10.7 | May precipitation days = 14.0 | Jun precipitation days = 12.5 | Jul precipitation days = 11.7 | Aug precipitation days = 11.9 | Sep precipitation days = 9.7 | Oct precipitation days = 10.5 | Nov precipitation days = 9.6 | Dec precipitation days = 10.6 | year precipitation days = 128.3 | Jan humidity = 77 | Feb humidity = 75 | Mar humidity = 73 | Apr humidity = 73 | May humidity = 75 | Jun humidity = 74 | Jul humidity = 72 | Aug humidity = 74 | Sep humidity = 80 | Oct humidity = 82 | Nov humidity = 80 | Dec humidity = 78 | year humidity = 76 |Jan sun = 96.5 |Feb sun = 112.4 |Mar sun = 151.2 |Apr sun = 166.7 |May sun = 180.3 |Jun sun = 209.4 |Jul sun = 233.9 |Aug sun = 219.1 |Sep sun = 167.0 |Oct sun = 126.6 |Nov sun = 90.6 |Dec sun = 83.8 |year sun = 1837.5 | Jan percentsun = 39 | Feb percentsun = 42 | Mar percentsun = 44 | Apr percentsun = 44 | May percentsun = 42 | Jun percentsun = 47 | Jul percentsun = 53 | Aug percentsun = 54 | Sep percentsun = 48 | Oct percentsun = 41 | Nov percentsun = 36 | Dec percentsun = 36 | year percentsun = 45 | source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA1>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241213073816/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Plaffeien_06628.csv | archive-date = 13 December 2024 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Plaffeien_06628.csv | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 13 December 2024}}</ref> |source 2 = [[MeteoSwiss]]<ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web | url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PLF/climsheet_PLF_np9120_e.pdf | title = Climate Normals Plaffeien (Reference period 1991−2020) | publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss | access-date = 29 January 2022}}</ref> |date=August 2010 }}
==Education== In Plaffeien about 586 or (30.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 125 or (6.4%) have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]''). Of the 125 who completed tertiary schooling, 72.0% were Swiss men, 19.2% were Swiss women, 8.0% were non-Swiss men.<ref name=STAT2000/>
The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory [[Kindergarten]], followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four-year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their [[apprenticeship]].<ref>[http://www.fr.ch/dics/de/pub/ausbildung.htm Chart of the education system in Canton Fribourg] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 659 students attending 38 classes in Plaffeien. A total of 283 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 57 students in the municipality. The municipality had 12 primary classes and 200 students. During the same year, there were 23 lower secondary classes with a total of 402 students. There were no upper Secondary classes or vocational classes, but there were 15 upper Secondary students and 46 upper Secondary vocational students who attended classes in another municipality. The municipality had no non-university Tertiary classes, but there was one non-university Tertiary student and one specialized Tertiary student who attended classes in another municipality.<ref name="FR_STAT"/>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 407 students in Plaffeien who came from another municipality, while 55 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>
== Notable people == * [[Herbert Kolly]] (born 1969) is a former swiss freestyle skier * [[Rudolf Marro]] (born 1953) is a former swiss wrestler * [[Sibylle Matter]] (born 1973) is a former swiss athlete * [[Leandro Zbinden]] (born 2002) Swiss footballer
==Crime== In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the [[Strafgesetzbuch (Switzerland)|Swiss Criminal Code]] (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Plaffeien was 44.8 per thousand residents, which is about two-thirds the national rate. However, during the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 14.9 per thousand residents or about 50% greater than the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 1.5 per thousand residents, which is less than one-third the national rate.<ref>[https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html Statistical Atlas of Switzerland] accessed 5 April 2016</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Plaffeien}} * [http://www.plaffeien.ch Official website] {{in lang|de}} * {{HDS|1030|Plaffeien}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Sense}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg]] [[Category:Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Fribourg]]