{{Short description|Chinese dictionary compiled by Lu Dian}} {{italic title}} {{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2021}} The '''''Piya''''' ({{zh|c=埤雅|p=''Píyǎ''|w=''P'i-ya''}}; "Increased [Er]ya") was a Chinese dictionary compiled by Song Dynasty scholar Lu Dian (陸佃/陆佃, 1042–1102). He wrote this ''Erya'' supplement along with his ''Erya Xinyi'' (爾雅新義 "New Exegesis of the ''Erya''") commentary. Although the ''Piya'' preface written by his son Lu Zai (陸宰/陆宰) is dated 1125, the dictionary was written earlier;{{r|Liu1963_87}} estimates around the Yuanfeng era (元豐, 1078–1085), and Joseph Needham says around 1096.{{r|Needham1986_192}}
Lu Dian arranged the ''Piya'' into 8 semantically based chapters that closely correspond with the last ''Erya'' chapters 13–19. The only exceptions are Chapter 5 ("Explaining Horses") that is contained in ''Erya'' 19 ("Explaining Domestic Animals") and Chapter 8 ("Explaining Heaven") that anomalously corresponds with the first part of the ''Erya''. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Chapter ! Chinese ! Pinyin ! Translation ! Erya Chapter |- | 1 || 釋魚 || Shiyu || Explaining Fishes || 16 |- | 2 || 釋獸 || Shishou || Explaining Beasts || 18 |- | 3 || 釋鳥 || Shiniao || Explaining Birds || 17 |- | 4 || 釋蟲 || Shichong || Explaining Insects || 15 |- | 5 || 釋馬 || Shima || Explaining Horses || (19) |- | 6 || 釋木 || Shimu || Explaining Trees || 14 |- | 7 || 釋草 || Shicao || Explaining Plants || 13 |- | 8 || 釋天 || Shitian || Explaining Heaven || 8 |}
The preface explains Lu's motives for defining flora and fauna terminology. Since Song officials changed the basis for the Imperial examination from mastering poetry to ''jingyi'' (經義/经义 "expounding on a classical quotation"), literati no longer studied the lyrical names for plants and animals.
==See also== *''Xiao Erya'' *''Shiming'' *''Guangya''
==References== <references>
<ref name=Liu1963_87>{{cite book |last=Liu |first=Yeqiu 刘叶秋 |date=1963 |title=Zhongguo gudai de zidian 中国古代的字典 |trans-title=Dictionaries of Ancient China |location=Beijing |publisher=Zhonghua Shuju |lang=zh |page=87}}</ref> <ref name=Needham1986_192>Needham, Joseph, Lu Gwei-djen, and Huang Hsing-Tsung (1986). ''Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 6 Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1 Botany''. Cambridge University Press. p. 192.</ref>
</references>
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041126141849/http://lib.cuhk.edu.hk/information/rarebook/collection/pages/d21sh21.htm 1478 Korean woodblock edition ''Piya''], Chinese University of Hong Kong Rare Book Collection (in Chinese)
{{Dictionaries of Chinese}}
Category:Song dynasty literature Category:Chinese dictionaries Category:11th-century Chinese books