[[File:Mu'nis al-ahrar Frontipiece, 1341.jpg|thumb|A contemporary princely scene from [[Isfahan]], during the last period of Chobanid control. Mu'nis al-ahrar Frontipiece, Isfahan, 1341.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carboni |first1=Stefano |title=Illustrated Poetry and Epic Images. Persian paintings of the 1330s and 1340s |page=17 |date=1994 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |url=https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Illustrated_Poetry_and_Epic_Images_Persian_Painting_of_the_1330s_and_1340s.pdf |quote=The political situation in Isfahan and Shiraz before and about 1341 was confused. After the death of Abū Said in 1335, Isfahan was indirectly controlled by the Chūbanid [[Hasan Kuchak|Shaykh Hasan]], who installed the Ilkhanid Sulayman as ruler of the region, but local leaders, among whom was a member of the Lunbānī family, made the town almost independent.}}</ref><ref name="SC1"/>]] {{for|the Emir of Erzincan|Pir Husayn}} '''Pir Husayn Chubani''' (Amīr Pīr Ḥusayn b. [[Shaikh Mahmoud|Shaykh Maḥmūd]] b. [[Chupan|Chopān]]) was a [[Chobanid]] Amir and governor of the region of [[Fars province|Fars]] from 1339 to 1342. He was one of the four sons of [[Shaikh Mahmoud]], who had been [[Chobanid]] Governor of [[Armenia]] and [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] until 1327, himself son of [[Chupan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alasania |first1=Guili |title=Level of Independence in Georgia Throughout the 14th Century |journal=Journal of Literature and Art Studies |date=10 August 2016 |volume=6 |issue=8 |quote=Sheikh Mahmud (the commander of the military force of Mongols in Georgia)—the son of Choban, the vizier of the governor of Ilkhanid Iran Abu Sa’id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=One of his four sons, Pīr-Ḥosayn, was later to play an important role in the recovery of Chobanid fortunes, before being poisoned by Shaikh Ḥasan(-e) Kūček in 743/1342 (see below).}}</ref>
==Governorship of Fars and Isfahan (1339-1342)== Following [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan|Abu Sa'id]]'s death in 1335, Ilkhanid power disintegrated. Pir Husayn Chubani was appointed by the puppet Ilkhanid ruler [[Suleiman Khan]] (r.1339-1343) as the suzerain of southern Iran, particularly the [[Fars province|Fars]] and [[Isfahan province|Isfahan]] regions.<ref name="SC1">{{cite book |last1=Carboni |first1=Stefano |title=Illustrated Poetry and Epic Images. Persian paintings of the 1330s and 1340s |date=1994 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |url=https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Illustrated_Poetry_and_Epic_Images_Persian_Painting_of_the_1330s_and_1340s.pdf|pages=9ff and 49ff |quote=There can be in fact little doubt that in 740 Isfahan had been incorporated in a more or less regular manner into the realm of the Ilkhanid [[:en:Suleiman Khan|Sulayman]], who was himself a puppet under the control of [[:en:Hasan Kuchak|Shaykh Hasan Chubani]], and that this was still the case when ''Mu'nis al-ahsar'' was completed. We are informed that in 742 Pir Husayn Chubani, who had been sent to southern Iran in the name of Sulayman, replaced Sultanshah Jandar, whom he (Pir Husayn) had previously appointed governor of Isfahan, with Shaykh [[Abu Ishaq Inju]].}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-vi-medieval-period |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=In 742/1341-42, Amir Pir Ḥosayn Čupāni (see CHOBANIDS), who had gained suzerainty over Fārs and Isfahan, appointed Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Inju (q.v.) as governor of Isfahan.}}</ref> The [[Chobanids]] firmly controlled Isfahan at that time, and would remain in place until the takeover of the city by the [[Injuids|Injuid]] [[Abu Ishaq Inju]] in 1342.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akopyan |first1=Alexander V. |last2=Mosanef |first2=Farbod |title=Between Jūjīds and Jalāyirids: the Coinage of the Chopānids, Akhījūq and their Contemporaries, 754–759/1353–1358 |journal=Der Islam |date=30 January 2015 |volume=92 |issue=1 |page=200 |doi=10.1515/islam-2015-0008 |url=https://www.academia.edu/13580159/Between_Jujids_and_Jalayirids_the_coinage_of_the_Chopanids_Akhijuq_and_their_contemporaries_754_759_1353_1358 |quote=The government of Pīr Ḥusayn in Fārs was initially recognized by his cousin the Chopānid Shaykh Ḥasan, but over time their relations became more and more strained due to the extension of Pīr Ḥusayn’s territory towards Iṣfahān, a Chopānid stronghold. Amīr Pīr Ḥusayn was expelled from Fārs, defeated and executed by Shaykh Ḥasan in 742/1341–2.}}</ref>
In 740/1339–40, Pīr Ḥusayn jointly ruled Shiraz with Jalāl al-Dīn Masʿūd Shāh, who remained highly popular with the local population, and they issued anonymous gold dinars together.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akopyan |first1=Alexander |last2=Mosanef |first2=Farbod |title=Between Jujids and Jalayirids: the coinage of the Chopanids, Akhijuq and their contemporaries, 754–759/1353–1358 |journal=Der Islam |date=1 January 2015 |page=202 |doi=10.1515/ISLAM-2015-0008 |url=https://www.academia.edu/13580159/Between_Jujids_and_Jalayirids_the_coinage_of_the_Chopanids_Akhijuq_and_their_contemporaries_754_759_1353_1358}}</ref> Pir Husayn Chubani was once ejected from Fars, but was able to retake control of the region in 1340, after a Chobanid victory against the [[Jalayirids]] near [[Maraga]] on 26 June 1340.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=The polarization of forces in western Persia was complete, and Ḥasan(-e) Kūček sought a decisive outcome against his rival. Joined by Pīr-Ḥosayn, who had been ejected from Fārs, and by Sorḡān from Qarābāḡ, the Chobanid forces assembled in Ūjān and met the advancing Jalayerid army in the Jaḡātū/Čagātū (Zarrīnarūd) valley near Marāḡa on 29 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 740/26 June 1340. Ḥasan(-e) Kūček gained a substantial victory (Ḥāfeẓ-e Abrū, pp. 209-10). Sorḡān was named as governor of ʿErāq-e ʿAjam, and Pīr-Ḥosayn returned to Fārs. The triumph of the Chobanids was complete, but the remainder of Ḥasan(-e) Kūček’s violent reign was marked by widening divisions within the family.}}</ref> He recaptured [[Shiraz]] in November/December 1340.<ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=From there he ([[Yagi Basti|Yāḡī Bāstī]]) was dispatched, with Mas'ūdšāh Īnjū, another refugee, to help the latter recover [[Shiraz]] from Pīr-Ḥosayn, who had recaptured the city in Jomādā 11741/ November–December 1340. The expulsion of Pīr-Ḥosayn had, however, already been achieved by [[Abu Ishaq Inju|Abū Esḥāq Īnjū]], who had called on the assistance of [[Malek Ashraf|Malek Ašraf]]. Defeated by his cousin in [[Safar, Iran|Ṣafar]] 743/August 1342, Pīr-Ḥosayn fled north, where, understandably confused as to where his support lay but unaccountably trusting in the good faith of [[Hasan Kuchak|Ḥasan(-e) Kūček]] (also his cousin), he was arrested and poisoned in Tabrīz.}}</ref> He did so with the help of the Muzaffarid [[Mubariz al-Din Muhammad]], whom he rewarded by giving him the Governorship of [[Kerman province|Kerman]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica Abū Esḥāq Inju |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-eshaq-inju-jamal-al-din-shah-shaikh-abu-eshaq-b |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=Abū Esḥāq began to take a more active political role after the capture of Shiraz by the Chupanid Pīr Ḥosayn in 741/1340. Pīr Ḥosayn rewarded Moḥammad Moẓaffar for his assistance in this campaign by adding Kermān to the Mozaffarid dominion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Album |first1=Stephan |title=Power and Legitimacy The Coinage of Mubaraz al-Din Muhammad Ibn al-Muzaffar at Yazd and Kirman |journal=Monde iranien et l 'Islam (le) |date=1971 |publisher=Librairie Droz |isbn=978-2-600-03353-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lgq6W9MNFhMC&pg=PA161 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Map of the Chobanids (maximum extent, circa 1340).png|thumb|left|Map of the Chobanids (maximum extent, circa 1340)]] In Isfahan in 1341–1342, Pir Husayn Chubani replaced the Ilkhanid Sultanshah Jandar with Shaykh [[Abu Ishaq Inju]] as Governor of Isfahan, and as a buffer against the Mozaffarids.<ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-eshaq-inju-jamal-al-din-shah-shaikh-abu-eshaq-b |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=Pīr Ḥosayn then installed the young Abū Esḥāq as a ruler of [[Isfahan]] to act as a restraint against any westward expansion by the [[Mozaffarids]]. Although Abū Esḥāq ruled less than two years in Isfahan, he continued to favor that city long after he had established his capital in Shiraz. Pīr Ḥosayn ruled less than two years in [[Shiraz]]. Both Masʿūd Shah and his brother Abū Esḥāq allied themselves with rival members of the Chupanid family to plot separately the recapture of Fārs and the avenging of the death of their brother, Amīr Moḥammad, who had earlier been murdered by Pīr Ḥosayn. Abū Esḥāq sought the help of Malek Ašraf b. Tīmūrtāš b. Čūpān, a cousin of Pīr Ḥosayn and brother of the ruling [[Hasan Kuchak|Ḥasan(-e) Kūček]]. In 743/1342 these allies joined forces at Isfahan and defeated Pīr Ḥosayn, who, uncertain of his support in Fārs or Yazd, returned to Tabrīz, where his cousin Ḥasan Kūček had him murdered.}}</ref><ref name="SC1"/> Abū Esḥāq governed the city Ispahan for less than 2 years.<ref name="EIAEI">{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica Abū Esḥāq Inju |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-eshaq-inju-jamal-al-din-shah-shaikh-abu-eshaq-b |website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-vi-medieval-period |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=The post-Il-khanid period. Recurrent local riots, partly roused by Ḵodābanda’s short-lived religious fervor, coupled with the weakening authority of the Mongol Il-khans, ushered in a long period of urban decline in Isfahan and once again reduced the region to an agricultural tax-farm controlled by nomadic warlords of Turkic origin. In 742/1341-42, Amir Pir Ḥosayn Čupāni (see CHOBANIDS), who had gained suzerainty over Fārs and Isfahan, appointed Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Inju (q.v.) as governor of Isfahan. Ḵᵛāja Šams-al-Din Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ (d. ca. 791/1398, q.v.), the renowned Persian poet from Shiraz, lavishly praised Abu Esḥāq, and his decision to travel to Isfahan may have coincided with Abu Esḥāq’s tenure as governor in that city. However, Inju’s fortune in Fars and Isfahan waned quickly, as Amir [[Mubariz al-Din Muhammad|Mobārez-al-Din Mo-ḥammad Moẓaffari]] supplanted him in 757/1356. Isfahan and Shirāz particularly suffered from ensuing political instability (Kotobi, pp. 41-43, 47, 60-61).}}</ref>
==Rise of Abu Ishaq (1342)== [[Abu Ishaq Inju|Abū Esḥāq]] finally conspired against Pir Husayn Chubani, and allied with the Chubanid [[Malek Ashraf]], defeating Pir Husayn Chubani at Isfahan in 1342. Pir Husayn Chubani fled to [[Tabriz]], where he was assassinated by the Chubanid ruler [[Hasan Kuchak]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-eshaq-inju-jamal-al-din-shah-shaikh-abu-eshaq-b |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=Pīr Ḥosayn ruled less than two years in Shiraz. Both Masʿūd Shah and his brother Abū Esḥāq allied themselves with rival members of the Chupanid family to plot separately the recapture of Fārs and the avenging of the death of their brother, Amīr Moḥammad, who had earlier been murdered by Pīr Ḥosayn. Abū Esḥāq sought the help of Malek Ašraf b. Tīmūrtāš b. Čūpān, a cousin of Pīr Ḥosayn and brother of the ruling Ḥasan(-e) Kūček. In 743/1342 these allies joined forces at Isfahan and defeated Pīr Ḥosayn, who, uncertain of his support in Fārs or Yazd, returned to Tabrīz, where his cousin Ḥasan Kūček had him murdered.}}</ref> After the assassination of Pir Husayn Chubani in 1342, Abu Esḥāq Inju established his capital in [[Shiraz]], repulsing a final Chubanid contender, [[Yagi Basti]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-eshaq-inju-jamal-al-din-shah-shaikh-abu-eshaq-b |website=iranicaonline.org |quote=Yāḡī Bāstī. Finally Abū Esḥāq’s men, with the support of the ruler of Kāzerūn, drove the Chupanid out of the city.}}</ref> The death of the Chubanid ruler [[Hasan Kuchak]] in 1343 put an end to Chubanid ambitions in the region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/inju-dynasty |website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref>
Abu Esḥāq Inju became the undisputed [[Injuids|Injuid]] ruler in the region until 1357.
==See also== * [[Injuids]]
==References== {{reflist}}
[[Category:1342 deaths]] [[Category:Chobanids]]