{{For|ancient kingdom named Shanshan|Shanshan}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Shanshan County |native_name = {{Native name list|tag1=zh-hans|name1=鄯善县|tag2=ug|name2=پىچان ناھىيىسى}} |other_name = Piqan, Pichan |pushpin_map = Xinjiang#China |pushpin_label = Shanshan |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the seat in Xinjiang |pushpin_mapsize = |seat_type = County seat |seat = Shanshan Town |settlement_type = County |image_skyline = Grape Drying Sheds outside of Shanshan, Xinjiang China.jpg |image_caption = Sheds for drying grapes in the desert outside Shanshan |image_map = Location of Piqan within Xinjiang (China).png |map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = China |subdivision_type1 = Autonomous region |subdivision_name1 = Xinjiang |subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city |subdivision_name2 = Turpan |area_total_km2 = 39,550 |population_total = 242,310 |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties]</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_km2 = auto |coordinates = {{coord|42.869|N|90.213|E|format=dms|type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|display=it}} |elevation_m = |timezone = China Standard{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.}} |utc_offset = +8 |website = {{URL|http://www.xjss.gov.cn/}} }} {{Infobox Chinese |s=鄯善县 |t=鄯善縣 |p=Shànshàn Xiàn |s2=皮羌县 |t2=皮羌縣 |p2=Píqiāng Xiàn |uig=پىچان ناھىيىسى |uly=Pichan Nahiyisi |uyy=Piqan Naⱨiyisi |sgs=Piqan Nahiyisi |usy=Пичан Наһийиси |order=st }} '''Shanshan County''' ({{lang-zh|s=鄯善县}}) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as '''Piqan County''' ({{Langx|ug|پىچان ناھىيىسى}}; {{lang-zh|s=皮羌县|links=no}}), is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Turpan. It contains an area of {{convert|39548|km2|abbr=on}}, occupying the eastern majority of Turpan. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of {{formatnum:210000}}.

The county seat is in Shanshan Town.

==Name== The county is named after the ancient Shanshan Kingdom, although the kingdom was actually located mostly outside of the borders of the modern county, in the Lop Nur area. The place was originally named Piqian, and the Grand coordinator and provincial governor of Xinjiang proposed the name of Shanshan when Guangxu Emperor decided to set up a county in 1902.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.xzqy.net/652122000000.htm | title=鄯善县 - 吐鲁番地区 - 新疆维吾尔自治区 - 行政区域网 }}</ref>

==History== The local geology and the desert climate made it possible to discover a number of important fossil sites in the area, including China's largest cluster of fossilized dinosaur tracks and China's largest dinosaur.<ref>[http://english.sina.com/technology/p/2012/0415/458241.html Large Jurassic dinosaur fossil discovered in Xinjiang], ''Xinhua'', 2012-04-15</ref> Important dinosaur sites are associated with the Lianmuqin Formation (named after Lianmuqin Town) and the Subashi Formation (named after Subashi Village ({{coord|42.9212|N|89.7441|E|format=dms|type:city_region:CN-65_source:Gaode}}) in Tuyugou Township ({{lang|zh-hans|吐峪沟乡}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/65/04/650421.html|title = 2017年统计用区划代码}}</ref> The Shanshanosaurus is named after Shanshan.

In 2008&ndash;2011, a team of German and Chinese paleontologists discovered and studied an "enormous" accumulation of Jurassic turtle fossils at a site they nicknamed "Mesa Chelonia", approximately {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} NNE of Shanshan Town. It is estimated that at least 1,800 skeletons of freshwater turtles, preliminary identified as belonging to the ''Annemys'' species were buried in this bone bed, in a stratigraphic layer probably belonging to the Qigu Formation. The researchers suggest that during a drought the turtles congregating at one of the few remaining water sources, and died there once that last water hole dried out. Then the skeletons were transported to the present location by a debris flow during a catastrophic rainfall event, forming a ''Konzentrat-Lagerstätte''.<ref name=nws>{{citation |journal=Naturwissenschaften |title=An enormous Jurassic turtle bone bed from the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang, China |first1=Oliver |last1=Wings |first2=Márton |last2=Rabi |first3=Jörg W. |last3=Schneider |first4=Leonie |last4=Schwermann |first5=Ge |last5=Sun |first6=Chang-Fu |last6=Zhou |first7=Walter G. |last7=Joyce |volume=114|issue=11 |pages=925–35 |year=2012 |doi=10.1007/s00114-012-0974-5 |pmid=23086389|bibcode=2012NW.....99..925W |s2cid=17423081 }}</ref><ref name=ls>{{citation|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jurassic-turtle-graveyard-found-in-china/ |first=Megan|last= Gannon |website=Livescience.com|date=October 31, 2012 |title=Jurassic turtle graveyard found in China}}</ref>

According to the paleontologist Walter Joyce, the Shanshan find has more than doubled the total number of Jurassic turtle specimens known to science.<ref name=ls/> The excavated fossils have been transported to Shanshan Town, where they will be housed in the county museum (currently under construction).<ref name=nws/>

On January 6, 2009, five well-preserved mummies of ethnic Han men who lived during the Qing dynasty were excavated at a construction site near the Flaming Mountains in the county.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-01/07/content_7373756.htm "Well preserved mummies found in Xinjiang", China Daily]</ref>

In June 2013, an incident in Lukchun lead to the deaths of dozens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/violence-06282013173938.html|title=Two Uyghurs Believed Killed in Hotan Violence|author=Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes|translator=Dolkun Kamberi and Luisetta Mudie|website=Radio Free Asia|date=28 July 2013|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref>

==Subdivisions== Shanshan County is divided into 7 towns, 2 townships, 1 ethnic township and 2 other township-level divisions.

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1" |- ! Name ! Simplified Chinese ! Hanyu Pinyin ! Uyghur (UEY) ! Uyghur Latin (ULY) ! Administrative division code |- | colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns''' |---------- | Shanshan Town | {{lang|zh-hans|鄯善镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Shànshàn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|پىچان شەھەر بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Pichan sheher baziri}} | 650421100 |- | Chiqtim Town<br />(Qiketai Town) | {{lang|zh-hans|七克台镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Qīkètái Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|چىقتىم بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Chiqtim baziri}} | 650421101 |- | Railway Station Town | {{lang|zh-hans|火车站镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Huǒchēzhàn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|پويىز ئىستانسىسى بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Poyiz Istansisi baziri}} | 650421102 |- | Lemjin Town<br />(Lianmuqin Town) | {{lang|zh-hans|连木沁镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Liánmùqìn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|لەمجىن بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Lemjin baziri}} | 650421103 |- | Lükchün Town<br />(Lukeqin Town) | {{lang|zh-hans|鲁克沁镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Lǔkèqìn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|لۈكچۈن بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Lükchün baziri}} | 650421104 |- | Pichan Town | {{lang|zh-hans|辟展镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Pìzhǎn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|پىچان ئەتراپى بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Pichan etrapi baziri}} | 650421105 |- | Dighar Town | {{lang|zh-hans|迪坎镇}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Díkǎn Zhèn}} | {{script/Arabic|دىغار بازىرى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Dighar baziri}} | 650421106 |---------- | colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Ethnic township''' |---------- | Dungbazar Hui Ethnic Township | {{lang|zh-hans|东巴扎回族乡}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Dōngbāzhā Huízú Xiāng}} | {{script/Arabic|دۇڭبازار خۇيزۇ يېزىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Dungbazar xuyzu yëzisi}} | 650421201 |---------- | colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Townships''' |---------- | Tuyuq Township<br />(Tuyugou Township) | {{lang|zh-hans|吐峪沟乡}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Tǔyùgōu Xiāng}} | {{script/Arabic|تۇيۇق يېزىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Tuyuq yëzisi}} | 650421202 |- | Dalankariz Township<br />(Dalangkan Township) | {{lang|zh-hans|达朗坎乡}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Dálǎngkǎn Xiāng}} | {{script/Arabic|دالانكارىز يېزىسى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Dalankariz yëzisi}} | 650421203 |---------- | colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Township-level divisions''' |---------- | Nanshan Mining District | {{lang|zh-hans|南山矿区}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Nánshān Kuàngqū}} | {{script/Arabic|نەنسەن كانچىلىق رايونى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Nensen kanchiliq rayoni}} | 650421400 |- | Shanshan Horticultural Ground | {{lang|zh-hans|园艺场}} | {{Transliteration|zh|Yuányìchǎng}} | {{script/Arabic|باغۋەنچىلىك مەيدانى}} | {{Transliteration|ug|Baghwenchilik meydani}} | 650421401 |- |}

==Geography== Biratar Bulak is a spring in the southern part of the county.<ref name="3rdedition">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016|title=Complete Atlas Of The World|edition=3|publisher=Penguin Random House|page=[https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016/page/n239 238]|quote=Shanshan{...}Biratar Bulak|via=Internet Archive|date=2016}}</ref><ref name="GNISshanshan">{{GEOnet2|32FA8827A3123774E0440003BA962ED3|Biratar Bulak (Approved - N)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Shanshan, elevation {{convert|399|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) |Jan record high C = 8.0 |Feb record high C = 17.3 |Mar record high C = 29.3 |Apr record high C = 38.5 |May record high C = 40.9 |Jun record high C = 45.5 |Jul record high C = 46.5 |Aug record high C = 46.2 |Sep record high C = 41.2 |Oct record high C = 32.9 |Nov record high C = 20.5 |Dec record high C = 9.8 |Jan record low C = -24.7 |Feb record low C = -22.2 |Mar record low C = -11.9 |Apr record low C = -2.7 |May record low C = 3.4 |Jun record low C = 9.0 |Jul record low C = 12.4 |Aug record low C = 8.8 |Sep record low C = 1.3 |Oct record low C = -5.6 |Nov record low C = -13.5 |Dec record low C = -23.7 |Jan high C = -2.8 |Feb high C = 5.8 |Mar high C = 16.0 |Apr high C = 25.3 |May high C = 31.4 |Jun high C = 36.3 |Jul high C = 38.0 |Aug high C = 36.7 |Sep high C = 30.8 |Oct high C = 21.1 |Nov high C = 9.4 |Dec high C = -0.8 |Jan mean C = -9.4 |Feb mean C = -1.7 |Mar mean C = 8.2 |Apr mean C = 17.3 |May mean C = 23.2 |Jun mean C = 28.3 |Jul mean C = 29.7 |Aug mean C = 27.9 |Sep mean C = 21.1 |Oct mean C = 11.5 |Nov mean C = 1.9 |Dec mean C = -7.0 |Jan low C = -14.4 |Feb low C = -7.7 |Mar low C = 1.2 |Apr low C = 9.7 |May low C = 15.2 |Jun low C = 20.5 |Jul low C = 22.2 |Aug low C = 20.3 |Sep low C = 13.8 |Oct low C = 5.1 |Nov low C = -3.3 |Dec low C = -11.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 1.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 0.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 1.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 2.1 |May precipitation mm = 2.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 4.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 5.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 3.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 1.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 1.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 0.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 1.1 |Jan humidity = 61 |Feb humidity = 45 |Mar humidity = 29 |Apr humidity = 27 |May humidity = 29 |Jun humidity = 33 |Jul humidity = 37 |Aug humidity = 38 |Sep humidity = 41 |Oct humidity = 50 |Nov humidity = 52 |Dec humidity = 59 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.0 |Feb precipitation days = 0.5 |Mar precipitation days = 0.5 |Apr precipitation days = 1.0 |May precipitation days = 1.3 |Jun precipitation days = 2.3 |Jul precipitation days = 4.1 |Aug precipitation days = 2.6 |Sep precipitation days = 1.4 |Oct precipitation days = 1.0 |Nov precipitation days = 0.6 |Dec precipitation days = 1.1 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 182.8 |Feb sun = 208.4 |Mar sun = 260.0 |Apr sun = 281.5 |May sun = 321.3 |Jun sun = 319.8 |Jul sun = 315.0 |Aug sun = 316.1 |Sep sun = 294.3 |Oct sun = 267.3 |Nov sun = 199.5 |Dec sun = 166.9 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 62 | Feb percentsun = 69 | Mar percentsun = 69 | Apr percentsun = 69 | May percentsun = 70 | Jun percentsun = 70 | Jul percentsun = 69 | Aug percentsun = 75 | Sep percentsun = 80 | Oct percentsun = 80 | Nov percentsun = 70 | Dec percentsun = 60 | year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 3.5 |Feb snow days = 1.1 |Mar snow days = 0.1 |Apr snow days = 0.1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.5 |Dec snow days = 2.7 |year snow days = |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023}}</ref> }}

==Demographics== {{bar box |title= The proportion of nationalities in Shanshan (Pichan) County |left1=Nationality |right1=Percentage |caption=Source of the population statistics :<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=|script-title=zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数|trans-title=3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)|url=http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|archive-date=2020-11-01|access-date=2021-06-11|website=tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn|publisher=Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|language=zh}}</ref> |bars= {{bar percent|Uyghurs|blue|75.0}} {{bar percent|Han|red|19.9}} {{bar percent|Hui|gold|4.8}} {{bar percent|Others|grey|0.3}}}}

==Transportation== Shanshan is served by China National Highway 312, the Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway and Shanshan Airport.

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}} {{authority control}}

Category:County-level divisions of Xinjiang Category:Turpan