Phrynobatrachus

{{Short description|Genus of amphibians}} {{redirect|Puddle frog}} {{automatic taxobox | image = A male and a female of Phrynobatrachus bibita.jpg | image_caption = A male and a female of ''Phrynobatrachus bibita'' | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = Laurent, 1941 | taxon = Phrynobatrachus | authority = Günther, 1862 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''See text'' | synonyms = * ''Phrynodon'' Parker, 1935 }}

'''''Phrynobatrachus''''' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family '''Phrynobatrachidae'''. Their common name is '''puddle frogs''', '''dwarf puddle frogs''', '''African puddle frogs''', or '''African river frogs'''.<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Phrynobatrachidae |title=Phrynobatrachidae Laurent, 1941 |last=Frost |first=Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=https://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Phrynobatrachidae.shtml |title=Phrynobatrachidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=Blackburn2011>{{cite journal| last1=Blackburn |first1=D. C. |last2=Wake |first2=D. B.| title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=39–55|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 | url=https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}}</ref><ref name=VC>{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J.|last1= Vitt|first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell|publisher=Academic Press|year=2014|page=507}}</ref> The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.<ref name=Zimkus/>

''Phrynobatrachus'' are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than {{convert|30|mm|abbr=on}}<ref name=Zimkus>{{cite web |url=http://africanamphibians.lifedesks.org/pages/25871 |title=''Phrynobatrachus'' Günther, 1862 |last=Zimkus |first=B. |work=African Amphibians Lifedesk |access-date=10 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006222602/http://africanamphibians.lifedesks.org/pages/25871 |archive-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have {{Linktext|exotrophic}} tadpoles.<ref name=VC/>

==Taxonomy== Phrynobatrachidae has earlier been considered as a subfamily of Ranidae, but its recognition as a family is now well-established.<ref name=frost/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/><ref name=Blackburn2011/><ref name=VC/> It is probably most closely related to Petropedetidae and Pyxicephalidae<ref name=frost/> or Ptychadenidae.<ref name=VC/>

This large genus may be further divided into three major clades. These clades could be treated as different genera, but this arrangement is not yet in use.<ref name=frost/>

==Species== There are currently 96 species in this genus:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Phrynobatrachidae/Phrynobatrachus |title=''Phrynobatrachus'' Günther, 1862 |last=Frost |first=Darrel R. |year=2022 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref> {{div col}} * ''Phrynobatrachus acridoides'' (Cope, 1867) * ''Phrynobatrachus acutirostris'' Nieden, 1912 * ''Phrynobatrachus afiabirago'' Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018 * ''Phrynobatrachus africanus'' (Hallowell, 1858) * ''Phrynobatrachus albifer'' (Ahl, 1924) * ''Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus'' De Witte, 1933 * ''Phrynobatrachus alleni'' Parker, 1936 * ''Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis'' Greenwood, Loader, Lawson, Greenbaum, and Zimkus, 2020 * ''Phrynobatrachus amieti'' Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, and Gvoždík, 2021 * ''Phrynobatrachus annulatus'' Perret, 1966 * ''Phrynobatrachus anotis'' Schmidt and Inger, 1959 * ''Phrynobatrachus arcanus'' Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020 * ''Phrynobatrachus asper'' Laurent, 1951 * ''Phrynobatrachus auritus'' Boulenger, 1900 * ''Phrynobatrachus batesii'' (Boulenger, 1906) * ''Phrynobatrachus bequaerti'' (Barbour and Loveridge, 1929) * ''Phrynobatrachus bibita'' Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019 * ''Phrynobatrachus breviceps'' Pickersgill, 2007 * ''Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus'' (Ahl, 1925) * ''Phrynobatrachus brongersmai'' Parker, 1936 * ''Phrynobatrachus bullans'' Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing, and Moyer, 2004 * ''Phrynobatrachus calcaratus'' (Peters, 1863) * ''Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku'' Zimkus, 2009 * ''Phrynobatrachus congicus'' (Ahl, 1925) * ''Phrynobatrachus cornutus'' (Boulenger, 1906) * ''Phrynobatrachus cricogaster'' Perret, 1957 * ''Phrynobatrachus cryptotis'' Schmidt and Inger, 1959 * ''Phrynobatrachus dalcqi'' Laurent, 1952 * ''Phrynobatrachus danko'' Blackburn, 2010 * ''Phrynobatrachus dendrobates'' (Boulenger, 1919) * ''Phrynobatrachus discogularis'' Pickersgill, Zimkus, and Raw, 2017 * ''Phrynobatrachus dispar'' (Peters, 1870) * ''Phrynobatrachus elberti'' (Ahl, 1925) * ''Phrynobatrachus francisci'' Boulenger, 1912 * ''Phrynobatrachus fraterculus'' (Chabanaud, 1921) * ''Phrynobatrachus gastoni'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1928 * ''Phrynobatrachus ghanensis'' Schiøtz, 1964 * ''Phrynobatrachus giorgii'' De Witte, 1921 * ''Phrynobatrachus graueri'' (Nieden, 1911) * ''Phrynobatrachus guineensis'' Guibé and Lamotte, 1962 * ''Phrynobatrachus gutturosus'' (Chabanaud, 1921) * ''Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus'' Rödel, Ohler, and Hillers, 2010 * ''Phrynobatrachus horsti'' Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015 * ''Phrynobatrachus hylaios'' Perret, 1959 * ''Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus'' Largen, 2001 * ''Phrynobatrachus intermedius'' Rödel, Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009 * ''Phrynobatrachus irangi'' Drewes and Perret, 2000 * ''Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi'' Zimkus, Gvoždík, and Gonwouo, 2013 * ''Phrynobatrachus kakamikro'' Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler, and Lötters, 2010 * ''Phrynobatrachus keniensis'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1928 * ''Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis'' Angel, 1924 * ''Phrynobatrachus krefftii'' Boulenger, 1909 * ''Phrynobatrachus latifrons'' Ahl, 1924 * ''Phrynobatrachus leveleve'' Uyeda, Drewes, and Zimkus, 2007 * ''Phrynobatrachus liberiensis'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1927 * ''Phrynobatrachus mababiensis'' FitzSimons, 1932 * ''Phrynobatrachus maculiventris'' Guibé and Lamotte, 1958 * ''Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis'' (Angel, 1940) * ''Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis'' Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015 * ''Phrynobatrachus mbabo'' Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020 * ''Phrynobatrachus minutus'' (Boulenger, 1895) * ''Phrynobatrachus nanus'' (Ahl, 1925) * ''Phrynobatrachus natalensis'' (Smith, 1849) * ''Phrynobatrachus njiomock'' Zimkus and Gvoždík, 2013 * ''Phrynobatrachus ogoensis'' (Boulenger, 1906) * ''Phrynobatrachus pakenhami'' Loveridge, 1941 * ''Phrynobatrachus pallidus'' Pickersgill, 2007 * ''Phrynobatrachus parkeri'' De Witte, 1933 * ''Phrynobatrachus parvulus'' (Boulenger, 1905) * ''Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus'' Boulenger, 1898 * ''Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides'' Ahl, 1924 * ''Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus'' Rödel and Ernst, 2002 * ''Phrynobatrachus pintoi'' Hillers, Zimkus, and Rödel, 2008 * ''Phrynobatrachus plicatus'' (Günther, 1858) * ''Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus'' (Ahl, 1925) * ''Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri'' Rödel, Onadeko, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012 * ''Phrynobatrachus rouxi'' (Nieden, 1912) * ''Phrynobatrachus rungwensis'' (Loveridge, 1932) * ''Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae'' Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012 * ''Phrynobatrachus sandersoni'' (Parker, 1935) * ''Phrynobatrachus scapularis'' (De Witte, 1933) * ''Phrynobatrachus scheffleri'' (Nieden, 1911) * ''Phrynobatrachus schioetzi'' Blackburn and Rödel, 2011 * ''Phrynobatrachus steindachneri'' Nieden, 1910 * ''Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi'' (Ahl, 1924) * ''Phrynobatrachus stewartae'' Poynton and Broadley, 1985 * ''Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis'' Laurent, 1951 * ''Phrynobatrachus taiensis'' Perret, 1988 * ''Phrynobatrachus tanoeensis'' Kpan, Kouamé, Barej, Adeba, Emmrich, Boateng, and Rödel, 2018 * ''Phrynobatrachus tokba'' (Chabanaud, 1921) * ''Phrynobatrachus ukingensis'' (Loveridge, 1932) * ''Phrynobatrachus ungujae'' Pickersgill, 2007 * ''Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis'' Grandison and Howell, 1983 * ''Phrynobatrachus versicolor'' Ahl, 1924 * ''Phrynobatrachus villiersi'' Guibé, 1959 * ''Phrynobatrachus werneri'' (Nieden, 1910) {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}}

Category:Phrynobatrachus Category:Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther Category:Amphibian genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot