{{short description|German breed of long-tailed chicken}} {{use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{use British English|date=August 2014}} {{use list-defined references|date=February 2026}} {{infobox poultry breed | name = Phoenix | image = Phoenix_rooster_and_hen.jpg | image_size = | alt = | image_caption = Blue-breasted golden hen and cock, showing typical long flowing plumage | status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=152}}|{{nobreak|DAD-IS (2024): at risk/endangered{{r|dad}}}}}} | altname = {{langx|de|{{noitalic|Phönix}}}} | country = Japan; Germany | distribution = | standard = | use = | apa = all other standard breeds{{r|apa}} | aba = single comb clean legged | ee = yes{{r|ee}} | pcgb = not recognised{{r|pcgb}} | aps = light breed softfeather{{r|aps}} | maleweight = {{ubl|Standard: 2.0–2.5 kg{{r|bdrg|p=71}}|Bantam: 800 g{{r|bdrg2|p=70}}}} | femaleweight = {{ubl|Standard: 1.5–2.0 kg{{r|bdrg|p=71}}|Bantam: 700 g{{r|bdrg2|p=70}}}} | skincolour = yellow | eggcolour = yellowish white{{r|bdrg|p=71}} | comb = single | leg colour = blue | lobes = medium, oval and white | note = | type = Chicken | latin = Gallus gallus domesticus }}
The '''Phoenix''' is a German breed of long-tailed chicken. It derives from cross-breeding of imported long-tailed Japanese birds similar to the Onagadori with other breeds.{{r|tlc}}
== History == [[File:Tab15 Hühner (Geflügel-Album, Jean Bungartz, 1885).jpg|thumb|Illustration from the ''Geflügel-Album'' of Jean Bungartz, 1885]] The Phoenix breed was created by {{ill|Hugo du Roi|de}}, the first president of the national German poultry association, in the late nineteenth century. A few delicate imported long-tailed Japanese birds were cross-bred with birds of other breeds including Combattant de Bruges, Krüper, Leghorn, Malay, Modern Game, Old English Game, Ramelsloher and Yokohama.{{r|tlc}}
The Poultry Club of Great Britain decided in 1904 to group the German Phoenix and Yokohama breeds under the name Yokohama; the Phoenix is not recognised as a breed.{{r|roberts|p=324|allonby|p2=340}}
In the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed: its conservation status is listed as "at risk/endangered" for Germany and Australia, with 344 and {{val|387|–|400}} birds respectively, and as "at risk/vulnerable" for the United States, where in 2015 there were {{val|1579}} birds.{{r|dad|dad2}}
== Characteristics ==
The Phoenix is recognised in six colours in Germany: gold, silver, orange, black, white and partridge;{{r|bdrg3|p=28}} a further three unrecognised colours are listed by the Entente Européenne.{{r|ee}} The silver variety was accepted into the ''Standard of Perfection'' of the American Poultry Association in 1965; the gold was added in 1983, and the black-breasted red in 2018.{{r|tlc}} The Phoenix was first accepted in the Australian Poultry Standard in 2012, with any colour standardised in Old English Game accepted.{{r|aps}}
The Onagadori is thought to have a recessive gene that prevents it from moulting each year in the usual way.{{r|ag|page=991}} This gene was not transferred to the Phoenix, so its tail does not reach the same remarkable lengths as that of the original Japanese stock. The tail may reach {{val|90|u=cm}} or more.{{r|ekarius|p=144}}
== Use ==
The Phoenix was bred as an exhibition bird. Standard-sized hens lay about 45 yellowish-white eggs per year, with an average weight of {{val|48|u=g}};{{r|bdrg|p=71}} bantam hens lay approximately 120 eggs annually, averaging {{val|25|u=g}} in weight.{{r|bdrg2|p=70}}
<gallery mode=packed heights = 160px style="text-align:left; font-size: 93%"> File:Zwerg-Phoenix.jpg|Silver duckwing bantams File:Phoenix1 (cropped).JPG|Black-breasted red cock and hens File:Phoenix rooster at fair.JPG|Golden duckwing cock File:Red shouldered blue phoenix cock (Gyeongju Bird Park) (1, cropped).jpg|Red-shouldered blue cock </gallery>
== References == {{commonscat}} {{reflist|45em|refs=
<ref name=ag>R. Tadano, M. Nishibori, M. Tsudzuki (2009). [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=45006955&site=ehost-live Genetic structure and differentiation of the Japanese extremely long-tailed chicken breed (Onagadori), associated with plumage colour variation: suggestions for its management and conservation]. ''Animal Genetics''. '''40''' (6): 989–992. {{doi|10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01955.x}}. {{subscription required}}.</ref>
<ref name=allonby>J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). [https://books.google.it/books?id=A6BtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA489&hl=en ''British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain''], seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. {{ISBN|9781119509141}}.</ref>
<ref name=apa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171104135004/http://www.amerpoultryassn.com/PDF%20Forms/APA%20Recognized%20Breeds%20and%20Varieties%20Sept2012.pdf APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012]. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.</ref>
<ref name=aps>[s.n.] (2011). ''Australian Poultry Standards'', second edition. Linton, Victoria: Victorian Poultry Fanciers' Association. {{isbn|9781921488238}}.</ref>
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>
<ref name=bdrg>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241201224454/https://www.bdrg.de/media/docs/Rassetafeln_Huehner.pdf Rassetafeln: Hühner] (in German). Reichenbach, Haselbachtal: Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter. Archived 1 December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=bdrg2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241201124826/https://www.bdrg.de/media/docs/zwerghuehner_2011_A6.pdf Rassetafeln: Zwerghühner] (in German). Reichenbach, Haselbachtal: Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter. Archived 1 December 2024.</ref>
<ref name=bdrg3>[https://www.bdrg.de/media/docs/Satzung_11_KA_Rassen-_und_Farbenschlaege-Verzeichnis_2024.pdf Rassen- und Farbenschläge-Verzeichnis des Bundes Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter e.V.] (in German). Reichenbach, Haselbachtal: Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter. Accessed November 2024.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=DEU&specie=Chicken&breed=Phönix&external=1&lang=en Breed data sheet: Phönix / Germany (Chicken)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2024.</ref>
<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-transboundary-ext-ws.web.app/?species=Chicken&transboundary=Phoenix&lang=en Transboundary breed: Phoenix]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2024.</ref>
<ref name=ee>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130616062803/http://www.entente-ee.com/deutsch/sparten/gefluegel/dateien/2013/Verzeichnis%20R%20F%2028042013.xls Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013)]. Entente Européenne d'Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.</ref>
<ref name=ekarius>Carol Ekarius (2007). [https://archive.org/details/Storeys_Illustrated_Guide_to_Poultry_Breeds_Complete/mode/1up ''Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds'']. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. {{isbn|9781580176675}}.</ref>
<ref name=pcgb>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143235/http://www.poultryclub.org/img/Breed%20Classification.pdf Breed Classification]. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.</ref>
<ref name=roberts>Victoria Roberts (2008). [https://books.google.it/books?id=nAfyUHY42u0C&hl=en ''British poultry standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain'']. Oxford: Blackwell. {{isbn|9781405156424}}.</ref>
<ref name=tlc>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240621012518/https://livestockconservancy.org/heritage-breeds/heritage-breeds-list/phoenix-chicken/ Phoenix Chicken]. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 21 June 2024.</ref>
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{{Chicken breeds of Germany}} {{bots|deny=Citation bot}} Category:Chicken breeds Category:Chicken breeds originating in Germany