{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Phlebopus portentosus 98202.jpg | image_caption = ''Phlebopus portentosus'' | taxon = Phlebopus | authority = (R.Heim) Singer (1936) | type_species = ''Phlebopus colossus'' | type_species_authority = (R.Heim) Singer (1936) | subdivision = 12, see text | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlMycoBank: Phlebopus"/> | synonyms = * ''Boletus'' subgen. ''Phlebopus'' <small>R.Heim (1936)</small> * ''Phaeogyroporus'' <small>Singer (1944)</small> }}
'''''Phlebopus''''' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletinellaceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae of the Boletales order).<ref name=Binder2006/> The genus has a widespread distribution in subtropical and pantropical regions, and contains 12 species. The species are saprobic, with some possibly able to form mycorrhizae with exotic trees in certain conditions.<ref name=Kirk2008/> It contains the gigantic ''Phlebopus marginatus'', the cap of which can reach {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name=Heinemann1982/>
==Taxonomy== The genus was originally described as a subgenus of ''Boletus'' by Roger Heim in 1936,<ref name=Heim1936/> and raised to generic status by Rolf Singer that year.<ref name=Singer1936/> It was later redescribed with another type species (''Phaeogyroporus braunii'') under the name ''Phaeogyroporus'' by Rolf Singer in 1944.<ref name=Singer1944/> This name was used until 1981, when a specimen of ''Phlebopus colossus'' was collected and mycologist Paul Heinemann designated it as the lectotype.<ref name=Singer1986/>
The genus name is derived from the Greek Φλεβο- "vein" and πους "foot".<ref name=Liddell1980>{{cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George | author-link = Henry George Liddell | author2 = Robert Scott | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist) | name-list-style = amp | year = 1980 | title = A Greek-English Lexicon | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = United Kingdom | isbn =0-19-910207-4| edition = Abridged }}</ref>
==Description== ''Phlebopus'' is similar in appearance to species in the genus ''Gyrodon'', but distinguished by its olive-brown to brown spore print, its stem which is never hollow, and its smooth spores which are brownish when viewed with a light microscope.<ref name=Singer1986/>
==Importance== ''Phlebopus tropicus'' has been shown to form a crust of mycelium around the roots of species of ''Citrus'' in Brazil, covering colonies of the comstock mealybug ''Pseudococcus comstocki'' which attack the roots of these plants after they have been carried there by ants (''Solenopsis saevissima'' var. ''moelleri''); these mycelial crusts are called "''criptas''" by Brazilian writers. The ''Pseudococcus'' living in symbiosis with the fungus is believed to be the immediate reason for the subsequent death of the affected trees, but the action of an endotrophic mycorrhizal fungus weakens the plant before the attack of the ''Pseudococcus'' takes place.<ref name=Singer1986/>
''Phlebopus portentosus'' and ''P. spongiosus'' are popular edible mushrooms in the cuisine of northern Thailand. They can produce fruiting bodies without a host plant, and can be therefore cultivated.<ref name=Sanmee2010/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumla |first1=Jaturong |last2=Suwannarach |first2=Nakarin |last3=Lumyong |first3=Saisamorn |date=2022-01-03 |title=Cultivation of Edible Tropical Bolete, Phlebopus spongiosus, in Thailand and Yield Improvement by High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation |journal=Agronomy |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=115 |doi=10.3390/agronomy12010115 |issn=2073-4395|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumla |first=Jaturong |last2=Danell |first2=Eric |last3=Lumyong |first3=Saisamorn |date=2015-01-01 |title=Improvement of yield for a tropical black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, cultivation in northern Thailand |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1340354014000461 |journal=Mycoscience |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=114–117 |doi=10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.005 |issn=1340-3540|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''P. bruchii'' is consumed as an edible mushroom in Argentina.<ref name=Deschamps1999/>
==Species== {{As of|2023|February}}, Index Fungorum lists the following species in ''Phlebopus'': {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Image !!Name !! Taxon Author !! Year |- |120px||''Phlebopus beniensis'' || (Singer & Digilio) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- | ||''Phlebopus brasiliensis'' || Singer || 1983 |- | ||''Phlebopus braunii'' || (Bres.) Heinem. || 1951 |- | ||''Phlebopus bruchii'' || (Speg.) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- | ||''Phlebopus colossus'' || (R. Heim) Singer || 1936 |- | ||''Phlebopus cystidiosus'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- | ||''Phlebopus harleyi'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- | ||''Phlebopus latiporus'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- |120px||''Phlebopus marginatus'' || Watling & N.M. Greg. || 1988 |- | ||''Phlebopus mexicanus'' || Cifuentes, Cappello, T.J. Baroni & B. Ortiz || 2015 |- |120px||''Phlebopus portentosus'' || (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn || 1951 |- | ||''Phlebopus silvaticus'' || Heinem. || 1951 |- | ||''Phlebopus spongiosus'' || Pham & Har. Takah. || 2012 |- |120px||''Phlebopus sudanicus'' || (Har. & Pat.) Heinem. || 1954 |- | ||''Phlebopus tropicus'' || (Rick) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982 |- | ||''Phlebopus viperinus'' || Singer || 1947 |- |120px||''Phlebopus xanthopus'' || T.H. Li & Watling || 1999 |}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=Binder2006>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832626 |vauthors= Binder M, Hibbett DS|year=2006|title=Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales|journal=Mycologia|volume=98|issue=6|pages=971–81 |pmid=17486973}}</ref>
<ref name=Deschamps1999>{{cite journal |vauthors=Deschamps J, Moreno G |year=1999 |title=''Phlebopus bruchii'' (Boletales): An edible fungus from Argentina with possible commercial value |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=72 |pages= 205–13 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0072/0205.htm |access-date=2010-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=Heim1936>{{cite journal |author=Heim R. |year=1936 |title=Observations sur la flore mycologique malgache. III, Trois bolets gigantesque d'Afrique et de Madagascar |trans-title=Observations on the mycological flora of Madagascar. III,. Three gigantic boletes of Africa and Madagascar |journal=Revue de Mycologie |volume=1 |pages=3–18 |language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name=Heinemann1982>{{cite journal |vauthors= Heinemann P, Rammeloo J|year= 1982|title=-Observations sur le genre ''Phlebopus'' (Boletineae) |trans-title=Observations on the genus ''Phlebopus'' (Boletineae) |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=384–404 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0015/0384.htm |access-date=2010-05-18 |language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name=Kirk2008>{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=522 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=Pham2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Pham NDH)), Takahashi H, Fukiharu T, Shimizu K, Le BD, Suzuki A |title=''Phlebopus spongiosus'' sp. nov. (Boletales, Boletinellaceae) with a sponge-like tissue |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2012 |volume=119 |pages=27–34 |doi=10.5248/119.27|doi-access=free }}</ref> -->
<ref name=Sanmee2010>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sanmee R, Lumyong P, Dell B, Lumyong S |year=2010 |title=In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation of the black bolete, ''Phlebopus portentosus'', a popular edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand |journal=Mycoscience |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=15–22 |doi=10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6 |s2cid=85746875 }}</ref>
<ref name=Singer1936>{{cite journal |author=Singer R. |year=1936 |title=Das System der Agaricales |journal=Annales Mycologici |volume=34 |issue=4/5 |pages=286–378 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref name=Singer1944>{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/3754752 |author=Singer R. |year=1944 |title=New genera of fungi. I |journal=Mycologia |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=358–68 |jstor=3754752 }}</ref>
<ref name="Singer1986">{{cite book |author=Singer R. |title=The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy |edition=4th |publisher=Koeltz Scientific Books|location=Koenigstein |year=1986|pages=744–46|isbn=3-87429-254-1}}</ref>
<ref name="urlMycoBank: Phlebopus">{{cite web |title=''Phlebopus'' (R. Heim) Singer 1936 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=60038&Fields=All |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |access-date=2012-03-28}}</ref>
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Category:Boletales Category:Boletales genera