{{Short description|1869 novel by Anthony Trollope}} {{Distinguish|Phineas Flynn}} {{Use British English|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} {{Infobox book | | name = Phineas Finn, the Irish Member | image = Phineas Finn.jpg | caption = Title page from the first edition in book form. | author = [[Anthony Trollope]] | illustrator = [[John Everett Millais]] | cover_artist = | country = England | language = English | series = [[Palliser novels|Palliser]] | subject = | genre = [[Political fiction]] | publisher = St. Paul's (serial); Virtue & Company (book) | pub_date = October 1867 – May 1868 (serial); March 1869 (book) | media_type = Print ([[Serial (literature)|serial]] and hardback) | pages = [i] 320pp; [ii] 328pp | oclc = | dewey = | congress = | preceded_by = [[Can You Forgive Her?]] | followed_by = [[The Eustace Diamonds]] }} '''''Phineas Finn''''' is a novel by [[Anthony Trollope]] and the name of its leading character. The novel was first published as a monthly serial from 1867 to 1868 and issued in book form in 1869. It is the second of the "[[Palliser novels|Palliser]]" series of novels. Its sequel, ''[[Phineas Redux]]'', is the fourth novel in the series.
It deals with British politics of the 1860s, including voting reform, [[Secret ballot#United Kingdom|secret ballot]], [[rotten boroughs]], and Irish [[tenant-right]], as well as Finn's romances with women of fortune, which would secure his financial future.
==Synopsis== '''Volume I:''' In [[Killaloe, County Clare]], Phineas Finn is the only son of a successful doctor who can afford to send him to London to study law. His friend Laurence Fitzgibbon stirs Finn's appetite for politics. Loughshane, a [[pocket borough]] in Ireland, is controlled by [[Conservative Party (UK)|Tory]] Lord Tulla. He declines to oppose Finn's attempt to win the borough for the [[Liberal Party (UK))|Liberals]].
Finn is elected to Parliament without a salary. He decides to make a go of politics on his father's small allowance. Within the social circle of his fellow MPs, he falls in love with Lady Laura Standish, the wealthy daughter of a prominent Liberal politician. Just before he can propose to her, Lady Laura reveals she has accepted Robert Kennedy. She confides the marriage is necessary to settle the debts of her brother Oswald, Lord Chiltern.
Lady Laura mentors Phineas and helps him advance through the party. He makes a disastrous [[maiden speech]], but he gets on well with his peers, particularly reformer Joshua Monk. Tulla reconciles with the Tories, and Finn cannot retain his seat. He happens to save Mr. Kennedy from a [[garrotte|garrotting]]. Lady Laura convinces her father to let Finn stand for the family borough of Loughton, since her brother is uninterested in representing it.
Chiltern and Finn become close friends. Chiltern's family has long intended for him to marry Violet Effingham, a wealthy orphan who lives with her aunt. Violet has refused Chiltern's proposals countless times. Finn becomes enraptured by Violet and pursues her. Chiltern is incensed by what he sees as a betrayal and challenges Finn to a duel.
'''Volume II:''' Chiltern and Finn duel in [[Blankenberge|Blankenberg]]. Finn does not aim at Chiltern, but Chiltern wounds him.
A wealthy widow, Madame Max Goesler, begins to socialise in Parliamentary circles. She becomes Finn's confidante. He is appointed [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]], with a salary of £2,000 a year.
Lady Laura's marriage grows more difficult as Kennedy cannot ignore her interest in Finn. Kennedy even suggests their relationship may be improper. Lady Laura refuses to live with a man who suspects her and retreats to her father's. Kennedy will not relinquish his rights as a husband. So, Lady Laura flees to [[Dresden]].
Finn follows his party's support for a [[Reform Act]], even though it means his own seat will be abolished. He finds Lord Tulla is indifferent to Loughshane again, and wins the seat back. He returns to Ireland with Mr. Monk, who is on a speaking tour in support of Irish tenant farmers. Finn gives a speech at their stop in [[Dublin]] where he supports a vote on Monk's [[Tenant Right League|tenant-right]] bill. While in Ireland, he proposes to Mary Flood Jones, a friend of his sister who has loved him since she was a teenager.
Because Monk's bill is not the official policy of the party, Finn is at odds with the leadership. He is despondent that he must resign. Madame Goesler offers to marry him and support his career with her fortune. Though tempted, Finn returns to Mary in Ireland. His party rewards Finn's previous service with a £1,000/year sinecure as a poor-law inspector in [[Cork (city)|Cork]].
==Characters== * Phineas Finn – only son of an Irish doctor, trains as a lawyer, becomes a member of parliament (MP) for various constituencies, and attains a ministerial position. * Lady Laura Kennedy (née Standish) – wife of Mr. Kennedy, whose proposal she accepts to cover her brother's debts. * Violet Effingham – orphan and heiress, close friend of Lady Laura, and intended for Oswald. * Oswald, Lord Chiltern – reprobate brother of Lady Laura; his proposals are constantly rejected by Violet. * Robert Kennedy – MP and owner of a massive estate in Scotland * Lord Brentford – father of Lady Laura and of Lord Chiltern. * Madame Max Goesler – wealthy widow who woos both the Duke of Omnium and Phineas. * Laurence Fitzgibbon – MP and party functionary who cons Phineas into accepting his debts. * Barrington Erle – Party functionary, private secretary to Prime Minister Mildmay. * Mary Flood Jones – friend of Phineas' younger sister Barbara and in love with Phineas. * Mr. & Mrs. Bunce – Phineas' landlord and landlady in London. * Mr. Low – Phineas' law tutor. * Dr. Malachi Finn – father of six children, of whom Phineas is the only son. * Mr. Monk – a reformer who becomes Finn's mentor * Mr. Turnbull – a radical MP * Mr. Mildmay – Prime Minister when the novel begins * Mr. Gresham – Prime Minister when the novel ends
==Historical background== In October 1867, the very month that ''Phineas Finn'' began its serial run, Trollope resigned his position in the [[General Post Office]]. His salary was now dwarfed by his royalties.<ref name=OUP11/>{{rp|xiii}} When the 14th instalment of the novel was being published, in November 1868, Trollope ran as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] in the Parliamentary election for [[Beverley (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1860s|Beverley]]. He finished last, and the seat was held by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] although the general election returned the Liberal Party to a parliamentary majority.<ref name=OUP11/>{{rp|xvi}} Ironically, the Beverley election was set aside and the seat voided because of bribery, touching on some of the central issues of Trollope's novel.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai_y7a3/page/44/mode/1up British parliamentary election results, 1832-1885]. Compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig. Parliamentary Research Services, 1977. 44.</ref>
''Phineas Finn'' is the second instalment of Trollope's [[Book series|hexalogy]] known as ''The Palliser Novels'', often referred to as his political or Parliamentary novels. The author considered ''Phineas Finn'' and ''Phineas Redux'' to be two halves of one novel, despite the fact that the latter instalment was published as the fourth in the series, after ''[[The Eustace Diamonds]]''.<ref name=Auto>Trollope, Anthony. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CobgAAAAMAAJ&dq=trollope%20autobiography&pg=PR3 Autobiography]. [[Dodd, Mead & Co.]], 1912.</ref>{{rp|277}}
===Politics=== Phineas' saga begins Trollope's political project in earnest. In order to enable him to shift the focus of the cycle more towards Parliament, Trollope was given permission by the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] to observe proceedings for several months.<ref name=Auto/>{{rp|274}}
Trollope covers a wide range of current political issues in ''Phineas Finn'', such as the construction of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], the [[War Office|War Office's]] procurement process, [[Irish Church Act 1869|disestablishment of the Irish Church]], and corrupt electoral practices such as [[treating]]. The novel sends up the vacuity of politics by showing Liberals and Conservatives voting against their own stated positions when they see a tactical advantage in doing so.<ref>''The Cambridge Companion to Anthony Trollope''. Edited by Carol Dever and Lisa Niles. Cambridge University Press. 2011. 49.</ref> Several policy tensions are structural to the plot of the novel.
Trollope regretted making '''Ireland''' Phineas' home. It created narrative issues he could not tidily resolve, and he felt it made English readers less sympathetic towards his protagonist.<ref name=Auto/>{{rp|275}}<ref name=Lonergan/>{{rp|157}} Phineas is supposed to be a Liberal, but his opposition to [[Irish Home Rule movement|Home Rule]] is antithetical to the politics of the 1860–70s.<ref name=Lonergan/>{{rp|152}} Yet his downfall comes when he adopts Mr. Monk's Liberal position on tenant rights, during their Irish tour. The closer he is to home, the more Irish he is and the more liberal.<ref>Hadley, Elaine. ''Living Liberalism: Practical Citizenship in Mid-Victorian Britain''. [[University of Chicago Press]], 2010. 261.</ref>
'''Voting Reform''' is the chief political tension of the novel, and Trollope largely dramatises the actual events behind the [[Reform Act 1867|Second Reform Act]]. The bill was designed by Liberal Prime Minister [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Earl Russell]] to increase the voting population by 40% and resolve issues such as rotten boroughs, which had not been fully addressed by the [[Reform Act 1832]]. It was defeated in June 1866, just five months before Trollope began writing ''Phineas Finn''. That led to the resignation of Russell's government and the rise of the Conservative Disraeli, who produced his own version of the bill. Disraeli's Act ended up doubling the voting population and led to the Liberal Party returning to power in the election of 1868. Trollope changes very little in this sequence of events, aside from making the Liberals the ultimate reforming party.<ref name=OUP82/>{{rp|357–8}}
===Personalities=== ''Phineas Finn'' was seen as a ''[[roman à clef]]''. Initial reviews immediately speculated on the real identities of Trollope's characters, and scholars have continued the guessing game.<ref name=OUP11/>{{rp|xiv–v}} Despite Trollope's public insistence that he was not parodying politicians, he admitted cannibalising their affects in his private writings.<ref>Trollope, Anthony. "[https://archive.org/details/lettersofanthony0000trol_k7h2/page/355/mode/1up To Mary Holmes, 15 June, 1876]," ''The Letters of Anthony Trollope''. Greenwood Press, 1979. 355.</ref><ref name=Halperin/>{{rp|121}}
'''Phineas Finn''' is viewed as a composite of the traits and personalities of various figures, including his author.<ref>O'Connor, T.P. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=omkoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA199 T.P.'s Table Talk]," ''T.P.'s and Cassell's Weekly'', Vol. VI, No. 136. 5 June 1926. 199.</ref><ref name=Halperin>Halperin, John. "Trollope's ''Phineas Finn'' and History." English Studies 59.2 (1978): 121–137 ::——. (Chapter 5). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-349-19332-5_6 Jane Austen's Lovers]''. Macmillan, 1988.</ref>{{rp|132–3}} One common suggestion for the inspiration for the character is [[John Pope Hennessy]], a Roman Catholic from [[Cork (city)|Cork]], who was elected as an Irish Nationalist Conservative [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] for [[King's County (UK Parliament constituency)|King's County]] in 1859.<ref>Stearn, Roger T. "[https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22537 Hennessy, Sir John Pope (1834–1891), politician and colonial governor]." ''[[Dictionary of National Biography#Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. 24 May 2007. [[Oxford University Press]]. Date of access 15 October 2023.</ref> Since the publication of the book, conjectures have pointed to a wide range of people including [[John Sadleir]], [[Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford|Chichester Fortescue]], [[William Henry Gregory|William Gregory]], [[Edward King-Harman|Colonel King-Harman]], and [[Isaac Butt]].<ref>Welch, Robert. "Trollope, Anthony." ''The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature''. Oxford University Press, 2003. Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 15 October 2023.</ref><ref name=Lonergan>Lonergan, Patrick. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058657 The Representation of Phineas Finn: Anthony Trollope's Palliser Series and Victorian Ireland]." ''Victorian Literature and Culture'' 32.1 (2004): 147-158.</ref>{{rp|149}}
'''Mr. Mildmay''' is commonly identified as [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|John Russell]], who was serving as Prime Minister when Trollope was drafting the novel. '''Mr. Daubeny''' was supposed to be Disraeli. '''Mr. Gresham''' was [[William Ewart Gladstone|William Gladstone]].<ref name=Halperin/>{{rp|121}} '''Lord Chiltern''' was assumed to be [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Spencer Cavendish]].<ref>Pope-Hennessy, James. ''[https://archive.org/details/anthonytrollopep00pope/page/280/mode/1up?view=theater Anthony Trollope]''. Phoenix Press, 1971. 280.</ref>
Partially because '''Madame Max Goesler''' and Phineas marry in ''Redux'', her character is often surmised as a gloss on [[Frances Waldegrave|Frances, Dowager Countess Waldegrave]], who made Chichester Fortescue her fourth husband.<ref name=Halperin/>{{rp|132}}
==Publication history== Trollope wrote ''Phineas Finn'' from 17 November 1866 to 15 May 1867.<ref>Sutherland, John. "Trollope and ''St Paul’s'' 1866–1870", in Tony Bareham (ed.), ''Anthony Trollope''. London: Vision, 1980. 123.</ref> His 800-page quarto manuscript is owned by [[Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library|Beinecke Library]] at [[Yale University|Yale]].<ref name=OUP82/>{{rp|xx}} The novel was serialized in ''St. Paul's Magazine'' from October 1867 to May 1869.<ref name="chron">{{Citation | url = http://www.jimandellen.org/trollope/trollope.writing.chron.html | title = Anthony Trollope's Writing Life: A Chronology | first = Ellen | last = Moody | year = 2003 | publisher = Jim & Ellen}}</ref> Each of the 20 installments included a captioned illustration by John Everett Millais:<ref name=OUP11>Trollope, Anthony. ''Phineas Finn'', edited by Simon Dentith, Oxford University Press, 2011.</ref>{{rp|xxviii}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''1867''' *1. October: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA103 Chapters I-IV] *2. November: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA232 V–VII] *3. December: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA359 VIII–XI] {{col-break}} '''1868''' *4. January: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA486 XII–XV] *5. February: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA614 XVI–XIX] *6. March: [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGUEAAAAQAAJ&dq=saint%20pauls%3A%20a%20magazine&pg=PA738 XX–XXIII] *7. April: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA104 XXIV–XXVI] *8. May: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA231 XXVII–XXX] *9. June: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA359 XXXI–XXXIII] {{col-break}} *10. July: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA487 XXXIV–XXXVII] *11. August: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA615 XXXVIII–XLI] *12. September: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DP0CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA736 XLII–XLVI] *13. October: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA102 XLVII–L] *14. November: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA230 LI–LIII] *15. December: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA358 LIV–LVII] {{col-break}} '''1869''' *16. January: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA486 LVIII–LXI] *17. February: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA614 LXII–LXIV] *18. March: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sD9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA736 LXV–LXVIII] *19. April: [https://books.google.com/books?id=wkBJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA102 LXIX–LXXII] *20. May: [https://books.google.com/books?id=wkBJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA231 LXXIII–LXXVI]<ref name=OUP82>Trollope, Anthony. ''Phineas Finn''. [[Oxford University Press]], 1982.</ref>{{rp|xx}} {{col-end}} Virtue & Company published it in two volumes with Millais' illustrations in March 1869.<ref name=OUP11/>{{rp|xiii}} [[Harper (publisher)#Harper & Brothers (1833–1962)|Harper & Brothers]] brought out an American edition in July of that same year.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ej0UAAAAYAAJ&dq=phineas%20finn%201869%20harper&pg=PA315 The American Quarterly Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register, Volume 21]. 315.</ref>
[[James Sprent Virtue|James Virtue]] paid Trollope £3,200 for the novel's copyright. That figure matched what he was paid for his next book, ''[[He Knew He Was Right]]''. Trollope's advances declined steadily afterwards. ''Phineas Finn'' did not sell enough copies to make a profit.<ref name=Sadleir>Sadleir, Michael. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AnrQAAAAMAAJ&dq=sadleir%20trollope%20commentary&pg=PP11 Anthony Trollope: A Commentary]''. Houghton Mifflin, 1927.</ref>{{rp|290}}
==Response== ''[[The Spectator]]'' favorably reviewed the book version of ''Phineas Finn'' in 1869. It found the title character to be frustratingly drawn by Trollope without enough of an inner life. However, it did praise Lord Chiltern as a near peer of the "indelible" George Vavasor in ''[[Can You Forgive Her?]]'', and felt that Mr. Kennedy "is as wonderful a picture as Mr. Trollope has yet drawn."<ref>"[https://archive.org/details/sim_spectator-uk_1869-03-20_42_2125/page/356/mode/1up Books: Phineas Finn]", ''The Spectator'', Vol. 42, No. 2125. 20 March 1869. 356–7.</ref>
''[[Saturday Review (London newspaper)|The Saturday Review]]'' panned the novel primarily because of its portrayal of Mr. Turnbull, whom it deemed to be a thinly disguised version of [[John Bright]]. Dismissing most of the author's characters as forgettable, it lamented, "It is only the contemplation of Mr. Bright that acts upon Mr. Trollope as a red rag upon a bull," and they excoriate the practice of violating the confidence of a politician's "after-dinner conversations and habits". The review concludes that ''Phineas Finn's'' only utility will be so a "future historian may refer to it to discover what was the material of which Mr. Bright’s waistcoats were made."<ref>"[https://archive.org/details/sim_saturday-review-uk_the-saturday-review_1869-03-27_27_700/page/431/mode/1up Phineas Finn]", ''The Saturday Review''. No. 700, Vol. 27. 27 March 1869. 431–2.</ref>
''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' attacked Trollope for his unflattering portrayal of politicians, particularly John Bright. Comparing his practice, and that of [[Benjamin Disraeli]], to witches tormenting wax figures, the ''Telegraph'' said, "The author of ''[[Vivian Grey]]'' did something utterly indefensible when he introduced public men as characters in his tales. That is an entirely unfair use of the story-teller’s art…no novelist, is warranted in using gossip or reports—true tales or lying legends—which he has heard in the confidence of private life".<ref>"London, Wednesday, 31 March," ''The Daily Telegraph''. 31 March 1869. 4.</ref> Trollope wrote a letter the day the ''Telegraph's'' review appeared and insisted that his novel was not drawn from life. He protested that he only meant to depict a "turbulent demagogue" in Mr. Turnbull. "I intended neither portrait or caricature, and most assuredly I have produced neither."<ref>Trollope, Anthony. "Mr. Trollope's Explanation," ''The Daily Telegraph''. 1 April 1869. 3.</ref>
''[[Dublin Review (Catholic periodical)|The Dublin Review]]'' had high praise for the novel and Trollope's writing in general, "He holds a place, not only unrivalled, but undisputed, as the realistic portrayer of the middle classes of English society." Their review praised his knowledge of "the machinery of Parliament" and the issues of "the land question in Ireland", which they felt exceeded the familiarity of average Irishmen themselves. They found the novel such a sympathetic portrait of Ireland that they urged, "some Irish constituency should do itself the honour of gratifying Mr. Trollope's unaccountable desire to enter Parliament.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=udEsAQAAIAAJ&dq=Virtue%20%26%20Company%20phineas%20finn&pg=PA361 Mr. Trollope's Last Irish Novel]", ''The Dublin Review''. October 1869. 361–377."</ref>
==Adaptations== In 1974 the [[BBC2]] adapted the Palliser novels as a twenty-six part serial ''[[The Pallisers]]''. Episodes 7–12 dramatize the events of ''Phineas Finn'', with [[Donal McCann]] portraying Phineas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pallisers (TV)|url=https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/television/the-pallisers/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=The Trollope Society}}</ref> Michael Hardwick abridged the six novels into a 400-page book to capitalise on the series, although ''The Eustace Diamonds'' and ''The Duke's Children'' are not fully covered by the abridgement.<ref>Trollope, Anthony. ''[https://archive.org/details/pallisers0000trol_g5z1/page/n4/mode/1up The Pallisers]''. Abridged by Michael Hardwick. Futura, 1974.</ref>
[[BBC Radio 4]] commissioned a "Classic Serial" dramatisation of ''The Pallisers'' in 2004. It was adapted by Martyn Wade and directed by Cherry Cookson. [[BBC Radio 4 Extra]] has rebroadcast it a number of times. [[Conleth Hill]] voiced Phineas Finn, with [[Ben Miles]] and [[Sophie Thompson]] as the Pallisers. [[David Troughton]] narrated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pallisers (2004) |url=https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/radio/the-pallisers/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Trollope Society}}</ref><ref>Hanks, Robert. "A Week in Radio", ''[[The Independent]]''. 4 February 2004.</ref>
A new six-part adaptation by Mike Harris under the title ''The Pallisers'' began on [[BBC Radio 4]] on 10 November 2019. In this version, Phineas is voiced by [[Edward MacLiam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pallisers (2019)|url=https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/radio/pallisers/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Trollope Society}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * Corbett, Mary Jean. “'Two Identities': Gender, Ethnicity, and Phineas Finn", ''The Politics of Gender in Anthony Trollope’s Novels: New Readings for the Twenty-First Century''. ed. Margaret Markwick, Deborah Denenholz Morse, and Regenia Gagnier. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009. * Denton, Ramona L. "'That Cage' of Femininity: Trollope’s Lady Laura", ''South Atlantic Bulletin'', 45/1 (1980), 374–9. * Dougherty, Jane Elizabeth. "An Angel in the House: The Act of Union and Anthony Trollope’s Irish Hero", ''Victorian Literature and Culture'', 32/1 (2004), 133–45. * Epperly, Elizabeth R. "From the Borderlands of Decency: Madame Max Goesler", ''Victorians Institute Journal'', 15 (1978), 25–35. * Fox, Arnold B. "Aesthetics of the Problem Novel in Trollope’s ''Phineas Finn''", ''Journal of Narrative Technique'', 8 (1979), 211–19. * McCourt, John. "Domesticating the other: Phineas Finn, Trollope’s Patriotic Irishman", ''Rivista di studi vittoriani'', 6 (2001), 53. *Polhemus, Robert M. “Being in Love in Phineas Finn / Phineas Redux: Desire, Devotion, Consolation.” ''Nineteenth Century Fiction'' 37.3 (1982): 383–395. * Van Dam, Frederik. "Character and the Career: Anthony Trollope’s Phineas Finn and the rhetoric of the Victorian State." ''English Text Construction'' 2.1 (2009): 91–110.
== External links == * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=np8YgavOvEMC&dq=phineas%20finn%20harper&pg=PA3 Phineas Finn]'' at [[Google Books]]. * ''[https://archive.org/details/ahq2187.0001.001.umich.edu/page/n9/mode/2up Phineas Finn]'' at [[Internet Archive]]. * {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/anthony-trollope/phineas-finn}} * {{gutenberg |no=18000 |title=Phineas Finn, The Irish Member}} * {{librivox book | title=Phineas Finn | author=Anthony Trollope}} * ''[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000b70j The Pallisers]'' at [[BBC Radio 4]] (2019).
{{Anthony Trollope}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:1867 British novels]] [[Category:Novels first published in serial form]] [[Category:Palliser novels]] [[Category:British picaresque novels]] [[Category:Works originally published in British magazines]] [[Category:Works originally published in literary magazines]]