Philoliche

{{Short description|Genus of flies}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Philoliche.jpg | image_caption = ''Philoliche'' sp., south India | taxon = Philoliche | display_parents = 2 | authority = Wiedemann, 1820<ref name="Wiedemann1820">{{cite book |last1=Wiedemann |first1=C.R.W. |title=Diptera exotica. Sectio I. Antennis multiarticulatis. [Edition1] |date=1820 |publisher=No publisher |location=Kilae [= Kiel] |pages=xix + 38}}</ref> | type_species = ''Tabanus rostratus'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1764 | synonyms = *''Nuceria'' Walker, 1850<ref name="Walker1850">{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=F. |title=Diptera. Part I, pp. 1-76, pls. 1-2. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. 1 |date=1850 |publisher=Van Voorst |location=London |pages=474}}</ref> *''Cadicera'' Macquart, 1855<ref name="Macquart1855">{{cite book |last1=Macquart |first1=P.J.M. |title=Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 5.e supplément |date=1855 |publisher=Roret |location=Paris |pages=5–136}}</ref> *''Corizoneura'' Rondani, 1863<ref name="Rondani1863">{{cite book |last1=Rondani |first1=C. |title=Diptera exotica revisa et annotata. Novis non nullis descriptis |date=1863 |publisher=E. Soliani |location=Modena |pages=1–99 pp., 1 pl}}</ref> *''Philochile'' Schiner, 1868<ref name="Schiner1868">{{cite book |last1=Schiner |first1=I.R. |title=Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. |date=1868 |publisher=K. Gerold's Sohn |location=Wien |pages=388pp., 4 pls}}</ref> *''Miceria'' Schiner, 1868<ref name="Schiner1868"/> *''Coryzoneura'' Ôuchi, 1940<ref name="Ôuchi">{{cite journal |last1=Ôuchi |first1=Y. |title=Contributiones ad Cognitionem Insectorum Asiae Orientalis. X. On a new species belonging to genus Coryzoneura (Tabanidae) from Japan |journal=J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. |date=1940 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=307–309}}</ref> }}

'''''Philoliche''''' is a genus of long-tongued horse-flies found in the Old World. It is placed in the tribe Philolichini.<ref name="Moucha1976">{{cite journal |last1=Moucha |first1=J. |title=Horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. |journal=Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae Supplements |date=1976 |volume=7 |pages=1–320 |url=https://www.aemnp.eu/data/article-975/956-7_0_7.pdf |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> The clade is thought to have originated about 40 million years ago and the 120 or more species are thought to have originated in Africa and expanded into Asia. The plants that they pollinate tend to have elongate corolla tubes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Steven D. |date=2024-07-23 |title=Long-proboscid horseflies ( Philoliche : Tabanidae) as pollinators of co-adapted plants in Africa and Asia |journal=Journal of Applied Entomology |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=466–477 |language=en |doi=10.1111/jen.13333 |issn=0931-2048|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The species ''Philoliche longirostris'' is noted for having the longest extension of the labium, used by males and females to obtain nectar. Females obtain blood from vertebrates using the shorter feeding tube (or syntrophium) that is hidden at the base of the labium.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1071/IS07005|title=A phylogeny of long-tongued horse flies (Diptera:Tabanidae:Philoliche) with the first cladistic review of higher relationships within the family|journal=Invertebrate Systematics|volume=22|issue=3|pages=311|year=2008|last1=Morita|first1=Shelah I.}}</ref>

==Species== Species in the genus include: *''Philoliche acutipalpis'' (Enderlein, 1925)<ref name="Enderlein1925">{{cite journal |last1=Enderlein |first1=G. |title=Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden |journal=Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum. |date=1925 |volume=11 |pages=255–409}}</ref> *''Philoliche adjuncta'' (Walker, 1848)<ref name="Walker1848">{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=F. |title=List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. part 1 |date=1848 |pages=1–229 |publisher=British Museum |location=London }}</ref> *''Philoliche aethiopica'' (Thunberg, 1789)<ref name="Thunberg1789">{{cite book |last1=Thunberg |first1=C.P. |title=D. D. Museum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis |date=1789 |publisher=Cujus Partem Septiman. |location=Upsaliae [=Uppsala] |pages=85–94}}</ref> *''Philoliche alternans'' (Macquart, 1855)<ref name="Macquart1855"/> *''Philoliche amboinensis'' (Fabricius, 1805)<ref name="Fabricius1805">{{cite book |last1=Fabricius |first1=Johann Christian |title=Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species |date=1805 |publisher=Apud Carolum Reichard |location=Bransvigae |pages=i-xiv, 1–373| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53432#page/9/mode/1up |accessdate=5 June 2020}}</ref> *''Philoliche andrenoides'' Usher, 1965<ref name="Usher1965">{{cite journal |last1=Usher |first1=P.J. |title=Records and descriptions of Tabaindae from southern Africa (Diptera) |journal=Annals of the Natal Museum |date=1965 |volume=18 |pages=27–87 |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA03040798_756 |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche angolensis'' Dias & Serrano, 1967 *''Philoliche angulata'' (Fabricius, 1805)<ref name="Fabricius1805"/> *''Philoliche armigera'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957">{{cite book |last1=Oldroyd |first1=H. |title=The horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the Ethiopian Region. III. Subfamilies Chrysopinae, Scepsidinae and pangoniinae and a revised classification |date=1957 |publisher=British Museum (Natural History) |location=London |pages=xii + 489}}</ref> *''Philoliche atricornis'' (Wiedemann, 1821)<ref name="Wiedemann1821">{{cite book |last1=Wiedemann |first1=C.R.W. |title=Diptera exotica. Sectio II. Antennis parumarticulatis. [Edition 1] |date=1821 |publisher=no publisher given |location=Kilae [= Kiel] |pages=iv + pp. 43–50 + 101 pp., 2 pls}}</ref> *''Philoliche auricoma'' (Austen, 1911)<ref name="Austen1911">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=On Tabanidae collected in north-eastern Rhodesia and Katanga, Congo Free State, by Dr. S. and Mr. S.A. Neave, with descriptions of new species [concl.] |journal=Bulletin of Entomological Research |date=1911 |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=281–290}}</ref> *''Philoliche basalis'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche beckeri'' (Bezzi, 1901)<ref name="Bezzi1901">{{cite journal |last1=Bezzi |first1=M. |title=Materiali per la conoscenza della fauna Eritrea raccolti dal Dott. paolo Magretti |journal=Ditteri. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana |date=1901 |volume=33 |pages=5–25}}</ref> *''Philoliche bivirgulata'' (Austen, 1937)<ref name="Austen1937">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=New genera and species of Ethiopian Tabanidae, subfamily Pangoniinae (Diptera) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London C |date=1937 |volume=107 |pages=31–34}}</ref> *''Philoliche brachyrrhyncha'' (Bigot, 1892)<ref name="Bigot1892">{{cite journal |last1=Bigot |first1=J.M.F. |title=Descriptions de Diptères nouveaux. Tabanidi |journal=Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France |date=1892 |volume=5 |pages=602–691 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10109517#page/626/mode/1up |access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche bracteata'' (Austen, 1937)<ref name="Austen1937"/> *''Philoliche bricchettii'' (Bezzi, 1892)<ref name="Bezzi1892">{{cite journal |last1=Bezzi |first1=M |title=Di alcuni ditteri raccolti nel paese dei Somali dall' ingegnere L. Bricchetti-Robecchi |journal=Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova |date=1892 |volume=12 (32) |issue=2 |pages=181–196}}</ref> *''Philoliche brincki'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche bubsequa'' (Austen, 1910)<ref name="Austen1910">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=New African phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History). - Part VII. Tabanidae (continued) |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |date=1910 |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=337–356 |doi=10.1080/00222931008692861 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15629106#page/365/mode/1up |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche bukamensis'' (Bequaert, 1913)<ref name="Bequaert1913">{{cite journal |last1=Bequaert |first1=J.C. |title=Tabanides recueillis au Congo belge par la mission pour l'étude de la maladie du sommeil. I. Pangoniinae |journal=Revue Zoologique Africaine |date=1913 |volume=2 |pages=218–231 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11316580#page/236/mode/1up |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche bushmani'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche buxtoni'' Mackerras & Rageau, 1958 *''Philoliche caffra'' (Macquart, 1847)<ref name="Macquart1847">{{cite book |last1=Macquart |first1=P.J.M. |title=Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement |date=1847 |publisher=Roret |location=Paris |pages=104 pp, 6 pls}}</ref> *''Philoliche candidolimbata'' (Austen, 1911)<ref name="Austen1911"/> *''Philoliche carpenteri'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=Notes on the nomenclature of certain African Tabanidae (sub-family Pangoniinae), with descriptions of a new genus and new species |journal=Bulletin of Entomological Research |date=1920 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=139–152 |doi=10.1017/S0007485300044540 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35480331#page/171/mode/1up |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche chaineyi'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche chrysopila'' (Macquart, 1834)<ref name="Macquart1834">{{cite book|last1=Macquart|first1=P. J. M.|title=Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome premiere |publisher=Roret|location=Paris|pages=578 + 8 pp., 12 pls |date=1834}}</ref> *''Philoliche chrysostigma'' (Wiedemann, 1828)<ref name="Wiedemann1828">{{cite book |last1=Wiedemann |first1=Christian Rudolph Wilhelm |title=Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks |date=1828 |publisher=Zweiter Theil. Schulz |location=Hamm |pages=xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls }}</ref> *''Philoliche coetzeei'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche comata'' (Austen, 1912)<ref name="Austen1912">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=New African Tabanidae. - Part 1. |journal=Bulletin of Entomological Research |date=1912 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=113–136 |doi=10.1017/S0007485300001784 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24295930#page/245/mode/1up |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche compacta'' (Austen, 1908)<ref name="Austen1908">{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=E.E. |title=New African phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History). - Part I. Tabanidae |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology |date=1908 |volume=1 |issue=8 |pages=209–228 }}</ref> *''Philoliche concitans'' (Austen, 1910)<ref name="Austen1910"/> *''Philoliche crassipalpis'' (Macquart, 1838)<ref name="Macquart1838">{{cite journal |last1=Macquart |first1=P.J.M. |title=Notice sur le genre Pangonie |journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France |date=1838 |volume=6 |pages=429–438, pl. 15 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8430876#page/433/mode/1up |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche cunhai'' Dias, 1955 *''Philoliche discincta'' (Enderlein, 1925)<ref name="Enderlein1925"/> *''Philoliche discors'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920"/> *''Philoliche dissimilis'' (Ricardo, 1914)<ref name="Ricardo1914">{{cite journal |last1=Ricardo |first1=G. |title=List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera) in the South African Museum, with descriptions of new species |journal=Annals of the South African Museum |date=1914 |volume=10 |pages=447–461 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1555014#page/663/mode/1up |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche distincta'' (Ricardo, 1908) *''Philoliche dorsalis'' (Latreille, 1811)<ref name="Latreille1812">{{cite journal |last1=Latreille |first1=P.A. |title=Insectes. Encyclopedia Methodique |journal=Histoire naturelle |date=1812 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=361–722}}</ref> *''Philoliche dubiosa'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche elegans'' (Bigot, 1892)<ref name="Bigot1892"/> *''Philoliche elongata'' (Ricardo, 1908) *''Philoliche flava'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche flavipes'' (Macquart, 1838)<ref name="Macquart1838"/> *''Philoliche flavitibialis'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche flaviventris'' Enderlein, 1925<ref name="Enderlein1925"/> *''Philoliche fodiens'' (Austen, 1908)<ref name="Austen1908"/> *''Philoliche formosa'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920"/> *''Philoliche fuscanipennis'' (Macquart, 1855)<ref name="Macquart1855"/> *''Philoliche fuscinervis'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920"/> *''Philoliche gravoti'' (Surcouf, 1908) *''Philoliche gulosa'' (Wiedemann, 1828)<ref name="Wiedemann1828"/> *''Philoliche haroldi'' Chvála, 1969<ref name="Chvála1969">{{cite journal |last1=Chvála |first1=M. |title=Einige neue oder bekannte Bremsen (Diptera, Tabanidae) von Nepal |journal=Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. |date=1969 |volume=66 |pages=39–54}}</ref> *''Philoliche hastata'' (Austen, 1912)<ref name="Austen1912"/> *''Philoliche infusca'' (Austen, 1911)<ref name="Austen1911"/> *''Philoliche ingrata'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche inornata'' (Austen, 1911)<ref name="Austen1911"/> *''Philoliche irishi'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche korosicsomana'' (Szilády, 1926) *''Philoliche lateralis'' (Fabricius, 1805)<ref name="Fabricius1805"/> *''Philoliche lautissima'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920"/> *''Philoliche lineatithorax'' (Austen, 1912)<ref name="Austen1912"/> *''Philoliche londti'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche longirostris'' (Hardwicke, 1823)<ref name="Hardwicke1823">{{cite journal |last1=Hardwicke |first1=T. |title=Description of ''Cermatia longicornis'' and of three new insects from Nepaul |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1823 |volume=14 |pages=131–136, 1 pl |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00084.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2358154#page/159/mode/1up |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref> *''Philoliche lugens'' (Thunberg, 1789)<ref name="Thunberg1789"/> *''Philoliche macquartiana'' Chvála, 1969<ref name="Chvála1969"/> *''Philoliche magrettii'' (Bezzi, 1901)<ref name="Bezzi1901"/> *''Philoliche makueni'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche malindensis'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche marrietti'' Usher, 1967 *''Philoliche medialis'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche morstatti'' (Enderlein, 1925)<ref name="Enderlein1925"/> *''Philoliche neavei'' (Austen, 1910)<ref name="Austen1910"/> *''Philoliche neocaledonica'' (Mégnin, 1878) *''Philoliche nigra'' (Dias, 1962) *''Philoliche nigripes'' (Enderlein, 1925)<ref name="Enderlein1925"/> *''Philoliche nitida'' Usher, 1968 *''Philoliche niveibasis'' (Enderlein, 1937) *''Philoliche nobilis'' (Wiedemann, 1830) *''Philoliche oldroydi'' Tendeiro, 1965 *''Philoliche omanensis'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche oreophila'' Usher, 1967 *''Philoliche ovambo'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche ovazzai'' Raymond, 1975 *''Philoliche palustris'' Bowden, 1977 *''Philoliche pamelae'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche pennata'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche penrithorum'' Dias, 1991 *''Philoliche peringueyi'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche pollinia'' Bowden, 1977 *''Philoliche praeterita'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche quinquemaculata'' (Austen, 1908)<ref name="Austen1908"/> *''Philoliche ricardoae'' Chainey & Oldroyd, 1980 *''Philoliche rodhaini'' (Bequaert, 1924) *''Philoliche rondani'' (Bertoloni, 1861) *''Philoliche rostrata'' (Linnaeus, 1764) *''Philoliche rubiginosa'' Dias, 1966 *''Philoliche rubramarginata'' (Macquart, 1855)<ref name="Macquart1855"/> *''Philoliche rueppellii'' (Jaennicke, 1867) *''Philoliche sagittaria'' (Surcouf, 1911) *''Philoliche schwetzi'' (Austen, 1920)<ref name="Austen1920"/> *''Philoliche semilivida'' (Bigot, 1891) *''Philoliche senex'' (Enderlein, 1937) *''Philoliche silverlocki'' (Austen, 1912)<ref name="Austen1912"/> *''Philoliche similima'' (Enderlein, 1925)<ref name="Enderlein1925"/> *''Philoliche speciosa'' (Austen, 1912)<ref name="Austen1912"/> *''Philoliche spiloptera'' (Wiedemann, 1821)<ref name="Wiedemann1821"/> *''Philoliche stuckenbergi'' Chainey, 1983 *''Philoliche suavis'' (Loew, 1858) *''Philoliche subfascia'' (Walker, 1854)<ref name="Walker1854">{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=F. |title=List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part V. [=Supplement I] |date=1854 |publisher=British Museum |location=London |pages=1–330}}</ref> *''Philoliche taprobanes'' (Walker, 1854)<ref name="Walker1854"/> *''Philoliche tendeiroi'' Dias & Serrano, 1967 *''Philoliche tertiomaculata'' Oldroyd, 1957<ref name="Oldroyd1957"/> *''Philoliche tumidifacies'' (Austen, 1937)<ref name="Austen1937"/> *''Philoliche turpis'' Usher, 1968 *''Philoliche varipes'' (Ricardo, 1911) *''Philoliche verventi'' Mackerras & Rageau, 1958 *''Philoliche virgata'' (Austen, 1910)<ref name="Austen1910"/> *''Philoliche vittata'' (Thunberg, 1827) *''Philoliche zernyi'' (Szilády, 1926) *''Philoliche zonata'' (Walker, 1871)<ref name="Walker1871">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=F. |title=List of Diptera collected in Egypt and Arabia, by J. K. Lord, Esq., with descriptions of the species new to science |journal=Entomologist |date=1871 |volume=5 |pages=255–263}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Tabanidae Category:Tabanoidea genera Category:Flies of Africa Category:Flies of Asia Category:Flies of Australasia Category:Taxa named by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann

Philoliche

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