{{Short description|Mango cultivar}} {{other uses|Carabao (disambiguation)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Use Philippine English|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox cultivar | name = ''Mangifera'' 'Carabao' | image = 220px<br />220px | image_caption = '''Top''': Ripe 'Carabao' mangoes from Bukidnon<br />'''Bottom''': Ripe and unripe 'Carabao' mangoes from Bulacan | genus = ''Mangifera'' | cultivar = 'Carabao' | origin = Philippines | marketing_names = Carabao mango,<br />Philippine mango,<br />Champagne mango,<br />Manila mango,<br />Manila super mango,<br />Honey mango,<br />Manggang kalabaw }} The '''Carabao mango''', also known as the '''Philippine mango''' or '''Manila mango''' among other names, is a variety of particularly sweet mango from the Philippines.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?request_locale=es&recordID=PH1999101132 |title=Variation in polyphenol profile and content of different strains of mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. Carabao and effects of environment |last1=P.F. |first1=Baldiviano |last2=F.M. |first2=Rodriguez |date=1999 |website=Philippine Journal of Crop Science (Philippines) |language=English |access-date=October 16, 2017 |last3=Mendoza|first3=E.M.T.}}</ref> It is one of the most important varieties of mango cultivated in the Philippines. The variety is reputed internationally due to its sweetness and exotic taste.<ref name=elearninggov>{{cite web|title=Course:Go Mango, Hit the Jackpot!|url=http://e-extension.gov.ph/elearning/course/view.php?id=98|website=E-Learning for Agriculture and Fisheries|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-date=June 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616143405/http://e-extension.gov.ph/elearning/course/view.php%3Fid%3D98|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=fareastern>{{cite news|last1=Delmo|first1=Gemma|title=Carabao mango: Philippine's sweet pride|url=http://www.fareasternagriculture.com/crops/agriculture/carabao-mango-philippines-sweet-pride|access-date=August 1, 2014|work=Far Eastern Agriculture|date=December 10, 2010}}</ref> It is named after the carabao, the national animal of the Philippines and a native Filipino breed of domesticated water buffalo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osborne |first1=Christine |title=Southeast Asian Food and Drink |date=1989 |publisher=Bookwright Press |isbn=9780531182345 |page=[https://archive.org/details/southeastasianfo00osbo/page/12 12] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/southeastasianfo00osbo/page/12 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carabao: National Animal Of The Philippines|url=https://safaripedia.safariltd.com/safaripedia/carabao|url-status=live|website=Safaripedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201251/https://safaripedia.safariltd.com/safaripedia/carabao |archive-date=June 24, 2021 }}</ref>
== Description == Carabao mangoes are around {{convert|12.5|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|8.5|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} in diameter. These fruits are kidney-shaped and can range from being short to elongated. When ripe, the fruit is bright yellow. The flesh is a rich yellow in color with a tender melting consistency, very sweet, and very aromatic. Like other Southeast Asian-type mangoes, it is polyembryonic (in contrast to Indian-type mangoes). Unripe or underripe carabao mangoes are very sour, and are traditionally eaten with condiments like shrimp paste, salt, vinegar, and/or soy sauce or pickled into burong mangga. Fruiting season is usually from late May to early July.<ref name="Western">{{cite book |last1=Western |first1=Peter Jansen |title=The Mango |date=1920 |publisher=Bureau of Printing |location=Manila |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/AJZ3519.0001.001?view=toc}}</ref><ref name="Sanchez">{{cite book |last1=Sanchez |first1=Priscilla C. |title=Philippine Fermented Foods: Principles and Technology |date=2008 |publisher=University of the Philippines Press |isbn=9789715425544 |page=234}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Green Mango & Bagoong |url=https://www.marketmanila.com/archives/green-mango-bagoong |website=Market Manila |date=October 5, 2008 |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>
== Strains == There are 14 different strains of Carabao mango.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reyes |first1=Rizal Raoul |title=PMSFC modernizing mango farming in PHL |url=http://businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/business/entrepreneur/32407-pmsfc-modernizing-mango-farming-in-phl |access-date=August 1, 2014 |work=Business Mirror |date=May 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041657/http://businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/business/entrepreneur/32407-pmsfc-modernizing-mango-farming-in-phl |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}</ref> These strains include the Talaban and Fresco of Guimaras, MMSU Gold of the Ilocos Region and Lamao and Sweet Elena of Zambales. A comparative study conducted by Bureau of Agricultural Research of the Department of Agriculture in 2003 found that the Sweet Elena of Zambales is the sweetest Carabao mango strain.<ref name=zambalesmango>{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Rudy|title=Zambales Mango is RP's Sweetest|url=http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/si/si002257.htm|access-date=August 1, 2014|work=Philippine Star|date=December 2, 2006|archive-date=June 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605010156/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/si/si002257.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Mexican Ataulfo and Manilita mango cultivars descended from the Philippine mango through the Manila galleon trade between 1600 and 1800. Both of these cultivars are sometimes referred to as "Manila mangoes" in trade.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rocha |first1=Franklin H. |last2=Infante |first2=Francisco |last3=Quilantán |first3=Juan |last4=Goldarazena |first4=Arturo |last5=Funderburk |first5=Joe E. |title='Ataulfo' Mango Flowers Contain a Diversity of Thrips (Thysanoptera) |journal=Florida Entomologist |date=March 2012 |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=171–178 |doi=10.1653/024.095.0126|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Lisa J. |title=Mexico tries to claim 'Manila mango' name as its own |url=http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20050619/news_1n19mangoes.html |access-date=October 11, 2018 |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=June 19, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133435/http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20050619/news_1n19mangoes.html |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the American colonial period of the Philippines, the Carabao mango was also known as the '''champagne mango''', a name which is now also applied in North American markets to the similar descendant cultivar, Ataulfo.<ref name="Stone">{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Daniel |title=The Food Explorer The True Adventures of the Globe-Trotting Botanist Who Transformed What America Eats |date=2018 |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |isbn=9781101990605 |page=148}}</ref><ref name="Sauco">{{cite book |last1=Sauco |first1=Victor Galan |title=El Cultivo del Mango |date=2009 |publisher=Ediciones Mundi-Prensa |isbn=9788484766179 |page=70}}</ref> Another common market name for the cultivar is '''honey mango''', which is also used for Ataulfo.<ref name=jacob>{{cite book |last1=Jacob |first1=Dianne |chapter=The Meaning of Mangoes |date=2016 |publisher=Hachette Books |title=Best Food Writing 2016 |isbn=9780738219455}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The golden fruit of the Philippines: Manila Mango |url=https://themixedculture.com/2013/11/07/philippines-manila-mango/ |website=The Mixed Culture |date=November 8, 2013 |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>
== See also == *Mangga wani (''Mangifera caesia'') *Pahutan mango (''Mangifera altissima'') *Pico (mango)
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Mangoes}}
Category:Mango cultivars