{{short description|Road in Thailand}} {{Redirect|Phahonyothin|the Thai general and politician|Phot Phahonyothin}} {{infobox road | country = THA | type = R | route = 1 | map = [[File:Thanon Phahonyothin.png|200px]] | map_custom = yes | alternate_name = ถนนพหลโยธิน<br/>''Thanon Phahon Yothin'' | length_km = 1005 | direction_a = South | direction_b = North | terminus_a = [[Bangkok]], [[Victory Monument (Thailand)|Victory Monument]] | junction = | terminus_b = [[Amphoe Mae Sai|Mae Sai district]], [[Chiang Rai Province|Chiang Rai]], <br>border to {{MMR}} | formed = 1910 | provinces = [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]], [[Ayutthaya Province|Ayutthaya]], [[Saraburi Province|Saraburi]], [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]], [[Nakhon Sawan Province|Nakhon Sawan]], [[Chainat Province|Chainat]], [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]], [[Tak Province|Tak]], [[Lampang Province|Lampang]], [[Phayao Province|Phayao]] | cities = | ahn = {{Jct|country=THA|AH|1|AH|2|AH|12}} }} '''Phahonyothin Road''' ({{langx|th|ถนนพหลโยธิน}}, {{RTGS|''Thanon Phahon Yothin''}}, {{IPA|th|tʰā.nǒn pʰā.hǒn jōː.tʰīn|pron}}) or '''Highway 1''' is a main road in [[Bangkok]] and one of the four primary highways in [[Thailand]], which include [[Mittraphap Road]] (Highway 2), [[Sukhumvit Road]] (Highway 3), and [[Phet Kasem Road]] (Highway 4). It begins at [[Victory Monument (Bangkok)|Victory Monument]] in [[Bangkok]] and runs [[Northern Thailand|north]] to the [[Burma|Burmese]] border, with a total length of {{convert|1,005|km|abbr=on}}.
== History == [[file:สวนจตุจักร Chatuchak Park (15).jpg|left|thumb|Phahonyothin Road passing [[Chatuchak Park]] view towards [[Lat Phrao Square]]]] [[File:Mae Sai Pass in Chiang Rai.jpg|thumb|left|Mae Sai Pass]]
Following the [[Boworadet Rebellion]] in October 1933, the government of [[Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena]] proposed the construction of a highway linking central [[Bangkok]] with [[Don Mueang Airfield]] to strengthen its control over the facility. Construction began in March 1934 and was completed in July of the same year. The road was originally named "Prachathipat Road" ({{langx|th|ถนนประชาธิปัตย์}}, ''Thanon Prachathipat''),<ref name="Sarunyou">{{cite web |last1=Thepsongkraow |first1=Sarunyou |title=อนุสาวรีย์ปราบกบฏ: จากจุดเริ่มต้นสู่การอันตรธาน พ.ศ. 2476–2561 |trans-title=Rebellion Suppression Monument: From Beginning to Disappearance, 1933–2018 |url=https://pridi.or.th/th/content/2024/10/2179 |website=Pridi Banomyong Institute |access-date=3 June 2025 |language=th |date=15 October 2024}} Originally published at {{cite web |title=อนุสาวรีย์ปราบกบฏ : จากจุดเริ่มต้นสู่การอันตรธาน พ.ศ. 2476–2561 |url=https://revolutionaryobjects.org/th/node/58 |website=revolutionaryobjects.org}}</ref> spanning a distance of {{convert|22|km|abbr=on}}.
In 1938, Prime Minister [[Plaek Phibunsongkhram]] ordered the extension of the road from [[Don Mueang]] through [[Bang Pa-in]], [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], [[Saraburi]], [[Lopburi]], and [[Sing Buri]], bringing its total length to {{convert|162|km|abbr=on}}. The extended road was renamed '''Phahonyothin Road''' in honor of Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (personal name Phot Phahonyothin), the second [[prime minister of Thailand]] and one of the leaders of the [[1932 Siamese revolution]].<ref>อรณี แน่นหนา (2002). ''นามนี้มีที่มา''. กรุงเทพฯ: ประพันธ์สาส์น. {{in lang|th}} (Brief histories of 129 place names in Bangkok.)</ref>
== Route == In [[Bangkok]], Phahonyothin Road originates at the northeast corner of [[Victory Monument (Thailand)|Victory Monument]] on the periphery of [[Ratchathewi]] and [[Phaya Thai District|Phaya Thai]] districts, then crosses [[Chatuchak (district)|Chatuchak]], [[Bang Khen]], [[Don Mueang]], and [[Sai Mai]] districts before continuing into [[Pathum Thani Province]], and on through [[Ayutthaya Province|Ayutthaya]], [[Saraburi Province|Saraburi]], [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]], [[Nakhon Sawan Province|Nakhon Sawan]], [[Chainat Province|Chainat]], again through Nakhon Sawan, [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]], [[Tak Province|Tak]], [[Lampang Province|Lampang]], [[Phayao Province|Phayao]] and finally [[Chiang Rai Province|Chiang Rai]], ending in [[Amphoe Mae Sai|Mae Sai]] district, where it connects to [[Tachileik]] in [[Myanmar]].
Phaholyothin Road in Bangkok is also a demarcation line between districts or sub-districts in several phases as follows:
# [[Thung Phaya Thai]] (outbound) and Thanon Phaya Thai (inbound) in Ratchathewi district, as a continuation of [[Phaya Thai Road]], from Victory Monument to the bridge over the [[Khlong Sam Sen|Khlong Samsen]]. # Phaya Thai (outbound) and Samsen Nai (inbound) in Phaya Thai district throughout the entire area, from the bridge over the Khlong Samsen to the bridge over the Khlong Bang Sue (begins July 26, 2017).<ref>{{cite web|language=thai|title=ประกาศกรุงเทพมหานคร เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงพื้นที่แขวงสามเสนใน และตั้งแขวงพญาไท เขตพญาไท|work=Royal Thai Government Gazette|format=PDF|trans-title=Bangkok announcement subject: Changing the area of Samsen Nai Subdistrict and established Phaya Thai Subdistrict, Phaya Thai District|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2560/E/215/36.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214213658/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2560/E/215/36.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> # [[Chatuchak subdistrict|Chatuchak]] (outbound) and [[Chom Phon subdistrict|Chom Phon]] (inbound) in Chatuchak district from the bridge over the Khlong Bang Sue to Ratchayothin Intersection. # [[Lat Yao subdistrict, Bangkok|Lat Yao]] (outbound) and [[Chan Kasem]] (inbound) in Chatuchak district from Ratchayothin to Sena Nikhom Intersections. # Lat Yao (outbound) and [[Sena Nikhom]] (inbound) in Chatuchak district from Sena Nikhom Junction to Thong Chanya Bridge. # Bang Khen district (outbound) and Sai Mai district (inbound) from the bridge over the Khlong Lam Phak Chi to [[Saphan Mai]] quarter. # Don Mueang district (outbound) and Sai Mai district (inbound) from Saphan Mai quarter to the administrative boundary line between Bangkok and Pathum Thani.
== See also == * [[Thai highway network]] * [[Kunming-Bangkok Expressway]] *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Bangkok/Phahonyothin}}
== Further reading == * Thomas fuller, [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/31/world/asia/31laos.html?_r=1&oref=slogin "In Isolated Hills of Asia, New Roads to Speed Trade"], ''New York Times'', March 31, 2008
== References == {{reflist}}
{{commonscat|Thailand Route 1|Phahonyothin Road}}
{{coord|13.8474|100.5800|display=title}}
{{Road infrastructure in Thailand}}
[[Category:AH1]] [[Category:National highways of Thailand]] [[Category:Streets in Bangkok]] [[Category:Ratchathewi district]] [[Category:Phaya Thai district]] [[Category:Chatuchak district]] [[Category:Bang Khen district]] [[Category:Don Mueang district]] [[Category:Pathum Thani province]] [[Category:Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province]] [[Category:Saraburi province]] [[Category:Lopburi province]] [[Category:Nakhon Sawan province]] [[Category:Chai Nat province]] [[Category:Kamphaeng Phet province]] [[Category:Tak province]] [[Category:Lampang province]] [[Category:Phayao province]] [[Category:Chiang Rai province]]