{{distinguish|text=20th-century vicar of the diocese of Moscow, Metropolitan [[Peter of Krutitsy]]}} {{short description|Russian bishop and saint}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2014}} {{Infobox Christian leader | honorific-prefix = | name = | patriarch_of = [[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow|Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus']] | honorific-suffix = | image = PietrodiMosca.jpg | caption = Metropolitan Peter, with ''Scenes from His Life'', 15th-century icon by [[Dionisius]] | enthroned = 1308 | ended = 1326 | church = [[Russian Orthodox Church]] | see = Moscow | predecessor = [[Maximos, Metropolitan of all Rus'|Maximos]] | successor = [[Theognostus of Kiev|Theognostus]] | other_post = | birth_name = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | buried = | ordination= | consecration= | consecrated_by= | awards = }} '''Peter of Moscow''' ({{langx|ru|Пётр Московский}}, '''Peter of Kiev''', '''Peter of Rata''', {{langx|ru|Пётр Ратенский}}, {{langx|uk|Петро Ратенський}}; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[metropolitan bishop|bishop]] of Kiev, who moved his [[Episcopal see|see]] from [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]] to [[Moscow]] in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a [[patron saint]] of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "[[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow|Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus']]" until the [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] election of [[Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow|Jonah]] in 1448.<ref name=encofuk>[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPetroofKyivMetropolitan.htm Petro of Kyiv, Metropolitan]. [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]</ref>
==Life== [[File:Юрий I Львович Галицкий беседует с Петром о поставление в митрополиты.jpg|thumb|left|Yuri Lvovych of Galicia nominating Peter as metropolitan, depiction from late 15th century]] {{Infobox saint | honorific_prefix= [[Saint]] | name = Peter of Moscow | honorific_suffix= | image = Mitropolit petr of Moscow.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = 15th-century Russian [[Icon]] of Metropolitan Saint Peter of Moscow | titles = [[Confessor]] and [[Wonderworker]] | birth_name = | birth_date = c. 1260 | birth_place = [[Volhynia]], [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] | home_town = | residence = | death_date = 21 December 1326 (aged 66) | death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] | venerated_in = [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = 1339 | canonized_place = | canonized_by = Metropolitan Alexis of Kiev | major_shrine = Cathedral of the Dormition, [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] | feast_day = {{plainlist| * 5 October * 24 August (Translation of his [[relics]]) * 21 December (Day of repose in 1326) }} | attributes = | patronage = [[Moscow]] | issues = | suppressed_date = | suppressed_by = | influences = | influenced = | tradition = | major_works = }} Peter was born in [[Volhynia]]<ref name=encofuk/> (part of the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]]). His parents were Theodore and Eupraxia. At the age of twelve, young Peter entered a monastery where he learned iconography. The igumen of the monastery had Peter ordained as a hieromonk. After years of ascetic labors at the monastery, the hieromonk Peter, with the blessing of the igumen, left the monastery in search of a solitary place.<ref name=oca>[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/21/103604-repose-of-st-peter-the-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-wonderworker-o "Repose of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and Wonderworker of all Russia", Orthodox Church in America]</ref>
He built a cell at the Rata River and began to pursue asceticism in silence. Afterwards, at the place of his ascetic exploits, a monastery was formed, called the Novodvorsk. The Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “Of St Peter” was so called because it was painted by Peter while he was igumen of the Ratsk monastery near Volhynia. During a visit to the [[Ratne]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160404200731/http://ukrssr.com.ua/volinska/ratnivskiy/ratne-ratnivskiy Ratne, Volyn Oblast] in [[The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR]]</ref> monastery by [[Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus'|Maximus]], Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus', Peter gave him the icon as a gift.<ref name=icon>[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/08/24/102391-icon-of-the-mother-of-god-of-st-peter-of-moscow "Icon of the Mother of God of St Peter of Moscow", Orthodox Church in America]</ref>
In 1308 king [[Yuri I of Galicia]] nominated and the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] appointed Peter to the vacant see of Kiev and all Rus'.<ref name=oca/> [[Mikhail Yaroslavich]], [[Grand Prince]] of [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]] and [[Tver]], wanted to advance his own candidate for this position. Peter's nomination caused prolonged animosity between Mikhail and Peter to the point that the latter had to ask for protection from the [[List of Russian rulers#Grand Princes of Moscow|Prince of Moscow]] in 1325.
Peter travelled to Constantinople where Patriarch Athanasius consecrated him as Metropolitan of Rus and bestowed on him the hierarchal vestments, staff and icon. Upon his return to Rus' in 1308, Metropolitan Peter arrived at Kiev after a year, and then proceeded on to Vladimir. During this time of Tatar (Mongol) authority Rus was in turmoil, and Peter was often obliged to change the place of his residence.<ref name=oca/>
Peter transferred his metropolitan duties from depopulated Kiev to Vladimir. In 1325 Metropolitan Peter, at the request of the Grand Prince of Moscow, [[Ivan Kalita]], transferred the metropolitan cathedra-chair from Vladimir to Moscow as part of Ivan's relocation.<ref name=Janos>[http://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/los/December/21-02.htm Janos, S., "Sainted Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow", Holy Trinity Orthodox Church]</ref> The move strengthened the political position of Moscow and established it as the spiritual capital of fragmented Rus. After Peter's move to Moscow, the [[Cathedral of the Dormition]] and several other stone churches were built by Ivan Kalita in the [[Moscow Kremlin]]. The foundation of the [[Vysokopetrovsky Monastery]] in Moscow is ascribed to Peter. He also authored a few [[sermon]]s and [[epistle]]s.
Peter died on 21 December 1326.<ref name=Janos/> After his [[canonization]] by [[Metropolitan Alexis]], his veneration was propagated all over [[Moscow|Moscovy]]. Accordingly, many churches were dedicated to Peter the Metropolitan in Moscow and other cities of Russia. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on 24 August (the [[translation (relics)|translation]] of his [[relic]]s to the [[Dormition Cathedral, Moscow|Dormition Cathedral]] in Moscow), 5 October (in common with Metropolitans [[Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow|Jonah]] and [[Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow|Alexis]]), and the 21st of December (the date of his repose).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation of the relics of Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/08/24/102384-translation-of-the-relics-of-saint-peter-metropolitan-of-moscow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221180317/https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/08/24/102384-translation-of-the-relics-of-saint-peter-metropolitan-of-moscow |archive-date=February 21, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=[[Orthodox Church in America|OCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Moscow |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/10/05/102871-synaxis-of-the-hierarchs-of-moscow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510072609/https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/10/05/102871-synaxis-of-the-hierarchs-of-moscow |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=[[Orthodox Church in America|OCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Repose of Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, Wonderworker of All Russia |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/12/21/103604-repose-of-saint-peter-metropolitan-of-moscow-wonderworker-of-all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510072855/https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2025/12/21/103604-repose-of-saint-peter-metropolitan-of-moscow-wonderworker-of-all |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025 |website=[[Orthodox Church in America|OCA]]}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{in lang|en}} [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPetroofKyivMetropolitan.htm Petro of Kyiv, Metropolitan] in the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]] *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102384 Translation of the relics of St Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102871 Synaxis of Peter, Alexis and Jonah, Metropolitans and Wonderworkers of All Russia]
{{S-start}} {{S-rel|eo}} {{S-bef | before=[[Maximos, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'|Maximus]]}} {{S-ttl | title=[[Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus']]<BR>(With its see in Moscow)}} {{S-aft | after=[[Theognostus of Kiev]]}} {{s-end}}
{{Russian (Ruthenian) Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)}} {{Eastern Orthodox Bishops of Lviv (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)}} {{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peter Of Kiev}} [[Category:1326 deaths]] [[Category:14th-century Christian saints]] [[Category:People from Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)]] [[Category:Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]] [[Category:Metropolitans of Kiev and all Rus' (988–1441)]] [[Category:Metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow]] [[Category:Miracle workers]] [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] [[Category:14th-century Russian clergy]]