{{Short description|American physician}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Peter J. Pronovost | image = File:Peter Pronovost.png | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|2|22|mf=y}}<ref name="MAC">{{cite web |title=2008 MacArthur Fellow: Peter Pronovost |publisher=John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation |url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/808/}}</ref> | birth_place = Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | ethnicity = | field = Anesthesiology<br />Critical Care Medicine<br />Patient safety | work_institution = University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Fairfield University | alma_mater = Fairfield University<br />Johns Hopkins University | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Intensive care checklist protocol | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = 2008 Time 100<br /> 2008 MacArthur Fellow | footnotes = }}
'''Peter J. Pronovost'''<ref name="dreifus2010">{{Cite news|last=Dreifus|author-link=Claudia Dreifus|first=Claudia|title=Doctor Leads Quest for Safer Ways to Care for Patient|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/science/09conv.html|newspaper=The New York Times|page=D2|date=2010-03-09|accessdate=2010-03-09}}</ref> (born February 22, 1965) is Chief Quality and Transformation Officer at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, the main affiliate of the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.
He previously served as an intensive care physician and director of the ''Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety'' at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.<ref name="JHH">{{cite web|title=Peter Pronovost, MD, PhD, FCCM|publisher=Center for Innovation for Quality in Patient Care|url=http://www.hopkinsquality.com/CFI/inside/experts/CFI_IH_Pronovost.asp|accessdate=2008-05-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20051124140747/http://www.hopkinsquality.com/CFI/inside/experts/CFI_IH_Pronovost.asp|archive-date=2005-11-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> At Johns Hopkins University, he was Professor in the Departments of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine as well as Surgery, Professor of Healthcare Management at the Carey Business School, Professor of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Medical Director of the Center for Innovation in Quality Patient Care.
He introduced an intensive care checklist protocol that during an 18-month period saved 1500 lives and $100 million in the State of Michigan.<ref name="NPR">{{cite web | title = Doctor Saved Michigan $100 Million | work = All Things Considered | publisher = National Public Radio | date = December 9, 2007 |url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17060374 | accessdate = 2008-05-14}}</ref> According to surgeon Atul Gawande in ''The New Yorker'', Pronovost's "work has already saved more lives than that of any laboratory scientist in the past decade."<ref name="NYer">{{cite news | last = Gawande |first = Atul |title = The Checklist, If something so simple can transform intensive care, what else can it do? |work = New Yorker Magazine |page=86 | date=December 2007 |url = http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/12/10/071210fa_fact_gawande|accessdate=2008-05-14}}</ref> In 2008 ''Time'' magazine named Pronovost among the 100 most influential people in the world.<ref name="TIME">{{cite news | last = Kingsbury | first = Kathleen | title = The 2008 TIME 100 | work = TIME Magazine | publisher = Time Warner | date = May 2008 | url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735344,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053629/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735344,00.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=May 5, 2008|accessdate = 2008-05-14}} </ref> That same year, Pronovost was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.<ref name="MAC"/>
Pronovost's book ''Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals: How One Doctor's Checklist Can Help Us Change Health Care from the Inside Out'' was released in February 2010.<ref name="oreilly2010">{{Cite news | last = O'Reilly | first = Kevin B. | title = Infection rates drop as Michigan hospitals turn to checklists | url = http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2010/03/01/prsa0301.htm | newspaper = American Medical News | date = 2010-03-08|accessdate=2010-03-09}} </ref>
==Early life and education== Pronovost grew up in Waterbury, Connecticut. His parents were an elementary school teacher and a math professor. He received his B.S. from Fairfield University, M.D. from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Ph.D. in Clinical Investigation from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.<ref name="NYer"/> In his Ph.D. thesis, he documented that in intensive-care units in Maryland, an intensive care specialist on the staff reduced death rates by a third.
==Work== {{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage = | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5kSoOPAe24 2008 MacArthur Fellow: Peter Pronovost], MacArthur Foundation on YouTube, 2:14<ref name="macfound">{{cite web | title =2008 MacArthur Fellow: Peter Pronovost | publisher =MacArthur Foundation | date = September 22, 2008 | url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5kSoOPAe24 | accessdate =January 26, 2015 }}</ref> | video2 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=963Mg7TYMH0 Believing and Belonging - Peter Pronovost - TEDx Beacon Street Salon], TEDx on YouTube, 14:01<ref name="TEDx">{{cite web | title =TEDxBeaconStreetSalon | publisher =TED (conference) | date = March 17, 2016 | url =https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/16436 | accessdate =October 5, 2016 }}</ref> | video3 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2x2yofovCM Pronovost checklist], CurrentMedicine.TV on YouTube, 11:40<ref name="cmtv">{{cite web | title =Pronovost checklist | publisher =CurrentMedicine.TV | date = July 24, 2011 | url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2x2yofovCM | accessdate =January 26, 2015 }}</ref> | video4 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtogOqmtGLc The Patient Promise, Peter Pronovost], 7:31, Johns Hopkins Medicine }} In 2003 he founded the Quality and Safety Research Group. Pronovost has published over 800 articles and chapters on patient safety and advises the World Health Organization on improving patient safety through WHO's World Alliance for Patient Safety.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web | title = Peter Pronovost recognised by Time Magazine | work = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | date = | url =https://www.who.int/patientsafety/news/pronovost_time_100_list/en/index.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080514174354/http://www.who.int/patientsafety/news/pronovost_time_100_list/en/index.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =May 14, 2008 | accessdate = 2008-05-14}} </ref>
He started studying hospital-acquired infections in 2001, concluding that a simple 5 item check-list protocol would greatly reduce infections when inserting a central venous catheter;<ref name="NYTimesA">{{cite news | last = Brody | first = Jane E. | title = A Basic Hospital To-Do List Saves Lives | work =The New York Times | date = 2008-01-22 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/health/22brod.html?pagewanted=print | accessdate = 2009-01-08 }} </ref>
Doctors should: # Wash their hands with soap. # Clean the patient's skin with chlorhexidine antiseptic. # Put sterile drapes over the entire patient. # Wear a sterile mask, hat, gown and gloves. # Put a sterile dressing over the catheter site.
In the Keystone Initiative, a 2003 study by a collection of Michigan hospitals and health organizations, the median rate of infections at a typical ICU dropped from 2.7 per 1,000 patients to zero after three months.<ref name="Beaumont">{{citation | title = Keystone Initiavites | url = http://www.beaumont.edu/quality/keystone-initiatives | accessdate = 2013-04-15}}</ref> The Keystone Initiative published its results in the December, 2006 ''New England Journal of Medicine''.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, etal | title = An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU | journal = N. Engl. J. Med. | volume = 355 | issue = 26 | pages = 2725–32 |date=December 2006 | pmid = 17192537 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa061115 | url = http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/355/26/2725| doi-access = free | url-access = subscription }}</ref> In the first three months of the project, the infection rate in Michigan's ICUs decreased by sixty-six per cent. In the Initiative's first eighteen months, they estimated that 1500 lives and $100 million were saved. These results were sustained for almost four years.<ref name="NYer"/>
Several reasons may explain why a simple checklist protocol is not more widely adapted:<ref name="BWeek">{{cite news | last = Goldsmith | first = Marshall | title = Preparing Your Professional Checklist | work = Business Week | publisher = | date = 2008-01-15 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-01-15/preparing-your-professional-checklistbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817063216/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-01-15/preparing-your-professional-checklistbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | url-status = dead | archive-date = August 17, 2012 | accessdate = 2013-06-12}}</ref> * Many physicians do not like being monitored by nurses or otherwise being forced to follow a checklist; * A wish to avoid standardized tasks and bureaucracy; and * A focus by researchers on "more exciting" issues such as disease biology and new treatment therapies.
According to Pronovost,<ref name="NYer"/> :The fundamental problem with the quality of American medicine is that we've failed to view delivery of health care as a science. The tasks of medical science fall into three buckets. One is understanding disease biology. One is finding effective therapies. And one is ensuring those therapies are delivered effectively. That third bucket has been almost totally ignored by research funders, government, and academia. It's viewed as the art of medicine. That's a mistake, a huge mistake. And from a taxpayer's perspective it's outrageous.
===Recent work=== In 2013, Pronovost co-founded Doctella, a startup that provides surgical checklists for patients to improve patient engagement, patient safety, and lead to better health outcomes.<ref>[http://www.doctella.com Doctella.com]</ref>
Also in 2013, Pronovost advocated for a system of alcohol and drug testing for doctors in a Journal of the American Medical Association article.<ref name="jamawhama">{{cite journal|last1=Cuong Pham|first1=Julius|last2=Pronovost|first2=Peter J.|last3=Skipper|first3=Gregory E|title=Identification of Physician Impairment|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|date=May 22, 2013|volume=309|issue=20|pages=2101–2|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.4635|pmid=23629590}}</ref><ref name="bbj">{{cite web|last1=Gantz|first1=Sarah|title=Johns Hopkins researchers say drug testing needed for doctors|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2013/05/07/johns-hopkins-researchers-say-drug.html|publisher=Baltimore Business Journal|accessdate=April 9, 2016|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref>
He has participated in an online course, or MOOC, from Johns Hopkins provided via Coursera.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science of Safety in Healthcare|url=https://www.coursera.org/course/healthcaresafety|website=Coursera|publisher=Johns Hopkins School of Nursing|accessdate=April 8, 2016}}</ref>
In January 2018, he announced that he would be taking a position at United HealthCare. Shortly after taking the position he was promoted to Chief Medical Officer. Within weeks of taking this position, his departure from the position and the company was confirmed, although no reason was given.
In October 2018, he joined University Hospitals as Chief Quality and Clinical Transformation Officer, adding value across the entire health system.<ref>{{cite web|title=University Hospitals names Dr. Peter J. Pronovost chief clinical transformation officer|url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/health-care/university-hospitals-names-dr-peter-j-pronovost-chief-clinical-transformation-officer|website=Crain's Cleveland|date=29 October 2018|accessdate=October 29, 2018}}</ref>
In 2020, Pronovost and colleagues at University Hospitals introduced an estimate that defects in value contribute to over $1 trillion in wasteful spending.<ref>Pronovost PJ, Urwin JW, Beck E, et al. Making a Dent in the Trillion-Dollar Problem: Toward Zero Defects. NEJM Catalyst, 2021;2(1). doi:10.1056/CAT.19.1064</ref> Pronovost, along with William Padula, David Dietz and Hanke Zheng further developed the framework for specialty care to illustrate that by investing in centers of excellence, health systems would otherwise spend pennies on the dollar over wasteful spending on value defects.<ref>Dietz DW, Padula WV, Zheng H, Pronovost PJ. Costs of Defects in Surgical Care: A Call to Eliminate Defects in Value. NEJM Catalyst, 3 November 2021; doi: 10.1056/CAT.21.0305</ref>
==Honors== In 2008, he was named in ''Time'' magazine's 100 most influential people in the world, and was also named a MacArthur Fellow.<ref name="NYer"/> In 2011, Pronovost was recognized for his outstanding professional achievement and commitment to service with election to membership in the Institute of Medicine, one of the highest honors in the fields of health and medicine.<ref>"[http://www.newswise.com/articles/johns-hopkins-scientists-elected-into-institute-of-medicine Johns Hopkins Scientists Elected Into Institute of Medicine]". Newswise, accessed October 17, 2011.</ref> On March 28, 2013, he was named a Gilman Scholar at Johns Hopkins University.<ref name="HUB">{{cite web|title=School of Medicine's Nathans, Pronovost named Gilman Scholars|url=http://hub.jhu.edu/2013/03/28/gilman-scholars-nathans-pronovost|work=HUB|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|accessdate=March 29, 2014|date=March 28, 2013}}</ref>
==Personal life== Pronovost has two children. His wife, Marlene Miller, is ''Chair of Pediatrics'' as well as ''Pediatrician-in-Chief'' at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.<ref>{{cite web|title='Dr. Checklist' Peter Pronovost gets chance to transform University Hospitals|url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2020/02/dr-checklist-bows-in-for-second-act-at-university-hospitals-in-cleveland.html|publisher=Cleveland.com|accessdate=December 21, 2022|date=February 9, 2020}}</ref>
==See also== * Evidence-based medicine * Iatrogenesis * Medical error * Patient safety
==References== {{Reflist}} 26. [https://www.dailyunion.com/opinion-venture-philanthropy-can-transform-healthcare/article%20be29aadb-62a6-4890-9403-ddcf9a52c060.html Opinion: Venture philanthropy can transform healthcare]. Peter Pronovost and Dan Harrington
==External links== {{Scholia}} * [https://jshare.johnshopkins.edu/gkim9/public_html/PronovostTestimonyApr162008.doc?uniq=-cbj3dn Peter J. Pronovost, Testimony before Government Oversight Committee, April 16, 2008] from johnshopkins.edu * [https://archive.today/20121214182049/http://safetyresearch.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins University Quality and Safety Research Group] from jhu.edu * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040227125811/http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/Slides_Pronovost.pdf Teaming Up to Improve Quality] * {{cite news | last =Dreifus | first =Claudia | title =A Conversation with Dr. Peter J. Pronovost: Doctor Leads Quest for Safer Ways to Care for Patients | work =New York Times | date =March 8, 2010 | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/science/09conv.html?partner=rss&emc=rss | accessdate =March 24, 2010 }} * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704364004576131963185893084 "The Secret to Fighting Infections"], article on Pronovost by Laura Landro, Wall Street Journal, March 28, 2011. * [https://www.my-emmi.com/eplayer/en/?viewId=9080F446-06E9-4267-9F5B-D191F143DBC3&video=true&src=emmi&customDisclaimer=&locale=en_US&showDisclaimer=true&ccVersion=false&accessCode=16887803845 Example of co-produced Johns Hopkins Medical patient education video] to help surgery patients prevent and recognize blood clots<ref>{{cite web |last1=pcori |title=Preventability of Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism |url=https://www.pcori.org/research-results/pcori-literature/preventability-hospital-acquired-venous-thromboembolism |website=Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute |date=26 October 2017 |accessdate=5 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205024615/https://www.pcori.org/research-results/pcori-literature/preventability-hospital-acquired-venous-thromboembolism |archivedate=5 December 2019}}, describes the video but does not link to it.</ref>
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pronovost, Peter}} Category:American anesthesiologists Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty Category:1965 births <!-- 43 when he received his MacArthur genius grant --> Category:Living people Category:Fairfield University alumni Category:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni Category:Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians Category:Patient safety Category:People in evidence-based medicine Category:Health care quality Category:MacArthur Fellows Category:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni Category:American medical doctors Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine