Peter Kirk (English politician)

{{Short description|British writer, broadcaster and Conservative politician}} {{other people|Peter Kirk}} {{more citations needed|date = February 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}} {{Use British English|date=February 2015}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = Sir Peter Kirk | honorific_suffix = | image = Sir Peter Kirk at NPG.jpg

| birth_name = Peter Michael Kirk | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|05|18|df=yes}} | birth_place = Oxford, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1977|04|17|1928|05|18|df=y}} | death_place = Steeple Bumpstead, England | spouse = Elizabeth Graham | party = Conservative | children = 3 | alma_mater = Trinity College, Oxford | occupation = {{Hlist|Politician|broadcaster|journalist}} }} '''Sir Peter Michael Kirk''' (18 May 1928 – 17 April 1977) was a British writer, broadcaster, Conservative politician, minister in the governments of Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath, and leading European Parliamentarian.

==Early life== The elder son and fourth child of Kenneth Escott Kirk (Bishop of Oxford, 1937-1954), Kirk was born in Headington, Oxford, and was educated at Marlborough and at Trinity College, Oxford, where he obtained an MA in modern history having first studied languages (including a period at the University of Bern studying Old High German).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=Hiy%2FHxRmSymuLB0n9g2pfA&scan=1|title=Index entry|accessdate=16 June 2023|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref name = Times>{{cite news|title = Sir Peter Kirk|page = 14|date = 18 April 1977|newspaper = The Times}}</ref> He attended the congress in the Hague in 1948 from which the European Movement sprang, and was President of the Oxford Union Society in 1949.<ref name = Times/>

==Career== {{more citations needed section|date = June 2023}} In the early 1950s he was diplomatic correspondent on the Kemsley Newspapers (part of Ian Fleming's Mercury News Service). He also wrote for ''The Sunday Times''.<ref name = Times/> After his election to Parliament, he continued to write freelance with regular contributions to (among others) ''The Daily Telegraph'', ''National and English Review'', ''Blackwood's'', ''The Spectator'', and ''Trenton Times'' (United States), and from 1961, to German press and television. He made documentary films for J. Arthur Rank and frequently broadcast on British radio and television.

At the 1955 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Gravesend, defeating outgoing MP Sir Richard Acland, who had left the Labour Party to stand as an independent candidate. Kirk was re-elected in Gravesend at the 1959 election, but lost his seat at the 1964 general election to Labour's Albert Murray.<ref name = Times/>

In February 1965, the former Conservative Chancellor and Deputy Prime Minister Rab Butler was elevated to the peerage and thereby gave up his parliamentary seat in Saffron Walden. Kirk was the successful candidate at the March 1965 by-election, and retained the seat until his death.<ref name = Times/>

Under Alec Douglas-Home's premiership, Kirk was Under-Secretary of State for War from 1963 to 1964. When the Conservatives regained power in 1970, Prime Minister Edward Heath appointed him as Under-Secretary for Defence for the Royal Navy from 1970 to 1973,<ref name = Times/> during which time he visited every British naval establishment both at home and abroad. He led the first Tory delegation to the European Parliament in 1973, a mixed team of peers and MPs who retained their Parliamentary seats and workload on a dual mandate.<ref name = Times/>

Kirk's main interests were in foreign affairs and defence, being a British Parliamentary representative on the Council of Europe from 1956-1963 and again from 1966-1970. He served on the British-American Parliamentary delegation and various committees of the Western European Union. Having been too young to fight in World War II (although greatly affected by it), he heard Winston Churchill's call for a United States of Europe in September 1946, and devoted much of his career to bringing this about.

He was opposed to the British intervention in Suez in 1956, but a strong supporter of Britain's entry into the then Common Market in 1973, and a leading campaigner to keep the country there in the 1975 referendum.

A fluent German and French speaker, he particularly admired the way that the Germans had reconstructed their country and developed a peaceful, stable and well-run political system in the aftermath of 1945. At home he campaigned vigorously for the abolition of the death penalty.

He detested dictatorships of any kind and greatly lamented the loss of eastern Europe to communism; he was a firm believer that Europe's destiny included the communist states of eastern Europe, although he did not live to see them included in NATO or the European Union.

==Death== Kirk was knighted in 1976. He had a heart attack that same year, and died from a second heart attack on 17 April 1977, at his home in Steeple Bumpstead.<ref name = NYT>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/18/archives/sir-peter-kirk-a-tory-legislator-and-member-of-european-assembly.html|title = Sir Peter Kirk, a Tory Legislator And Member of European Assembly|agency = Associated Press|work = The New York Times|date = 18 April 1977|access-date = 27 February 2021}}</ref> His election agent blamed his death on overwork resulting from his dual mandate as both MP for Saffron Walden and Member of the European Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Dual Mandate |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=April 21, 1977|page=9|quote=Sir Peter's own election agent has stated categorically that he died from pressure and overwork caused by his dual mandate as an MP at Westminster and a member in Strasbourg.}}</ref>

The by-election for his Saffron Walden seat was won by the Conservative candidate Alan Haselhurst. The [https://www.kirkfund.org.uk/ Peter Kirk Memorial Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114130706/https://www.kirkfund.org.uk/ |date=14 January 2018 }} was set up in his honour, to give scholarships to young people to study modern Europe and its institutions.

==Personal life== A devout Anglican, he was a delegate to the World Council of Churches in Delhi in 1961. His publications included ''One Army Strong'' (Faith Press, 1958) and a monograph on T.S. Eliot in ''Thirteen for Christ'' (ed. Melville Harcourt, Sheed & Ward, 1963)

He was married in August 1950 to Elizabeth Mary, daughter of Richard Brockbank Graham and Gertrude (née Anson). They had three sons, including Matthew Kirk, who was later the British Ambassador to Finland.<ref name = Times/>

==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Rayment-hc|date=March 2012}}

== External links == * {{Hansard-contribs | sir-peter-kirk | Peter Kirk }}

{{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Gravesend | years = 1955–1964 | before = Richard Acland | after = Albert Murray }} {{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Saffron Walden | years = 1965–1977 | before = Rab Butler | after = Alan Haselhurst }} {{s-hon}} {{succession box | title = Baby of the House | years = 1955–1956 | before = Philip Clarke | after = Marcus Kimball }} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Conservatives in the European Parliament|years=1973–1977}} {{s-aft|after=Geoffrey Rippon}} {{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kirk, Peter Michael}} Category:1928 births Category:1977 deaths Category:20th-century English journalists Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford Category:Conservative Party (UK) MEPs Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Category:English Anglicans Category:Knights Bachelor Category:MEPs for the United Kingdom 1973–1979 Category:Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964 Category:People educated at Marlborough College Category:People from Steeple Bumpstead Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union Category:UK MPs 1955–1959 Category:UK MPs 1959–1964 Category:UK MPs 1964–1966 Category:UK MPs 1966–1970 Category:UK MPs 1970–1974 Category:UK MPs 1974 Category:UK MPs 1974–1979 Category:The Sunday Times people Category:20th-century English male journalists