{{Short description|Permanent lease by the United Kingdom Privy Council}}
A 999-year lease, under historic common law, is a permanent lease of property.
Permanent lease locations are in Britain, its former colonies and the Commonwealth.
A former colony, the Republic of Mauritius established a legal precedent through a decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (The Raphael Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008)) on 30 July 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Raphael Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008) |url=https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/2008/43.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=www.bailii.org}}</ref> in respect of a 1901 'permanent lease' on the following islands of St. Brandon (Cargados Carajos) :
thumb|200px|Royal Arms UK (Privy Council)
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Name!! AKA |- | 1.Île Raphael || Raphaël Island |- | 2. L'île du Sud (South Island, l'île Boisées) || South Island, l'île Boisée |- | 3. Petit Fou Island || - |- | 4. Avocaré Island || Avocaré Avoquer, L'Avocaire |- | 5. l'île aux Fous || Fous, Ile Fou |- | 6. L'île du Gouvernement || Government Island |- | 7. Petit Mapou Island || Small Mapou |- | 8. Grand Mapou Island || Big Mapou |- | 9. La Baleine Island || Whale Island |- | 10. L'Île Coco || Coco Island, Île Cocos, Île aux Cocos |- | 11. Île Verronge || - Verronge Island |- | 12. l'île aux Bois || Wooded Island |- | 13. La Baleine Rocks Island || Whale Rocks Island |- |}
These islands were converted from a 1901 999-year lease to a permanent grant by the Privy Council in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/mu/cases/UKPC/2008/43.html|title=The Raphael Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref> The Privy Council judgment (Article 71) confirmed Raphaël Fishing Company<ref>{{cite web |title=THE RAPHAEL FISHING COMPANY LIMITED C404 |url=https://mauritiusfirm.com/enterprise/the-raphael-fishing-company-limited.3638303435.html |website=mauritiusfirm.com |publisher=Mauritius firm |access-date=1 January 2023 |ref=C404}}</ref> legally as "the holder of a Permanent Grant of the thirteen islands mentioned in the 1901 Deed (transcribed in Vol TB25 No 342) subject to the conditions therein referred to."''<ref>[https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-bail-permanent-de-rapha%C3%ABl-fishing-confirm%C3%A9-sur-st-brandon Le bail permanent de Rapha l Fishing confirm sur St.-Brandon]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://swarb.co.uk/the-raphael-fishing-company-ltd-v-the-state-of-mauritius-and-another-pc-30-jul-2008/ |title=raphael-fishing-company-ltd-v-the-state-of-mauritius-|website=swarb|date=29 September 2021 |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://vlex.co.uk/vid/the-raphael-fishing-company-805328577 |title=Raphaël Fishing Company|website=vlex|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref>''
== See also ==
* Judicial Committee of the Privy Council *Raphaël Fishing Company *Mascarene Islands * Avocaré Island * L'île du Sud * L'île du Gouvernement * L'Île Coco * 99-year lease * 999-year leases in Hong Kong * Constitution of Mauritius<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution of Mauritius |url=https://mauritiusassembly.govmu.org/Documents/Legislations/constitution.pdf |access-date=23 January 2023}}</ref> * St. Brandon
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Cargados Carajos Shoals}} *[http://mauritius.africa-atlas.com/ Map of Mauritius]
{{Mauritius Territories}} {{Mauritius topics}}
Category:Real property law Category:Common law Category:Contract law Category:Islands of St. Brandon Category:Outer Islands of Mauritius Category:Reefs of the Indian Ocean Category:Insular ecology Category:Atolls of the Indian Ocean Category:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases on appeal from Mauritius Category:Constitution of Mauritius