{{Short description|Jamaican industrialist, financier (1877–1946)}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = The Honourable | name = Percival Henriques Lindo | image = Percy Henriques Lindo.png | birth_date = {{Birth-date|30 September 1877}} | birth_place = Falmouth, Jamaica | death_date = {{Death-date and age|1946|30 September 1877}} | death_place = Terra Nova, Kingston, Jamaica | children = 4, including Roy Lindo, Blanche Blackwell | father = Frederick Lindo | relatives = Cecil Vernon Lindo (brother) Stanley Alexander Lindo (brother) }}
'''Percy Lindo''' was a Jamaican banker, planter, industrialist and Member of the Legislative Council of Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qRFAQAAIAAJ&q=percy+lindo+member+of+legislative |title=Minutes |date=1933 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qRFAQAAIAAJ&q=percy+lindo++legislative+council |title=Minutes |date=1933 |language=en}}</ref>
== Early life == Percival Henriques Lindo, nicknamed Percy was born on September 30, 1877, in Falmouth, Jamaica, to Frederick Lindo and Grace Morales. He was the youngest of ten children.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranston |first=Jackie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeT_AAAACAAJ |title=The Lindo Legacy |date=2000 |publisher=Toucan Books |isbn=978-1-903435-00-7 |language=en}}</ref>
== Career == He migrated to Costa Rica in 1890 at age 13 to join his older brothers in business.
The brothers had arrived in 1885 to work for Minor Cooper Keith, who was building a railroad from Limon to San Jose, but quickly went into business as merchants, bankers and banana planters.
In 1907, the brothers purchased Juan Viñas, a vast sugar and coffee farm from Federico Tinoco Granados.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murchie |first=Anita Gregorio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXoWAAAAYAAJ&q=federico+tinoco+lindo |title=Imported Spices: A Study of Anglo-American Settlers in Costa Rica, 1821-1900 |date=1981 |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, Department of Publications |language=en}}</ref> They became largest coffee and sugar producers in the Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Albert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBWGDwAAQBAJ&dq=lindo+juan+vinas&pg=PA208 |title=Burn: Using Fire to Cool the Earth |last2=Draper |first2=Kathleen |date=February 2019 |publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing |isbn=978-1-60358-783-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hidalgo |first1=Manuel Benito Chacón |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlYWAQAAIAAJ&q=lindo+juan+vinas |title=Boletos de café de Costa Rica |last2=Flores |first2=Elisa Carazo de |date=2006 |publisher=Fundación Museos del Banco Central de Costa Rica |isbn=978-9968-9607-6-2 |language=es}}</ref>
In 1908, the brothers founded the Florida Ice and Farm Company in Siquirres, Limón Province. The company was located at a farm called La Florida and was a major producer of ice and other agricultural produce. The company acquired ''Gran Cervecería Traube'' in 1912.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-19 |title=Costa Rica Owned US Brewer Gets New CEO |url=https://qcostarica.com/costa-rica-owned-us-brewer-gets-new-ceo/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Q COSTA RICA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JFEAQAAMAAJ&q=lindo+juan+vinas |title=Pan American Magazine |date=1913 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Lindo Sugar Mill - Juan Vinas.png|thumb|Lindo Sugar Factory at Juan Viñas]]In 1911, the Lindo Brothers, in partnership with Felipe Alvarado, purchased the Compañía Luz Eléctrica de San Jose, Heredia y Alajuela and invested in a large hydroelectric power plant in Belén the next year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vega |first=Eugenio Rodríguez |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wladNRT1mawC&q=lindo&pg=PA84 |title=Costa Rica en el siglo XX |date=2004 |publisher=EUNED |isbn=978-9968-31-382-7 |language=es}}</ref> In 1924 the company was transformed into La Compañía Nacional de Electricidad<ref>{{Cite book |last=Botey |first=Ana María |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9bdzGROauAC&dq=stanley+lindo++electricidad&pg=PA48 |title=Costa Rica entre guerras: 1914-1940 |date=2005 |publisher=Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica |isbn=978-9977-67-945-7 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vega |first=Eugenio Rodríguez |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wladNRT1mawC&dq=Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa+Luz+El%C3%A9ctrica+de+San+Jose%2C+Heredia+y+Alajuela&pg=PA83 |title=Costa Rica en el siglo XX |date=2004 |publisher=EUNED |isbn=978-9968-31-382-7 |language=es}}</ref>
By 1911, the Lindo properties were producing half of Costa Rica's bananas, and Joseph DiGiorgio, on behalf of the Atlantic Fruit Company, approached Lindo Brothers with idea of purchasing all of their banana plantations, although the entire production was contracted to United Fruit Company until July, 1914.
On October 27, 1911, Cecil Lindo gave the Atlantic Fruit Company an option to purchase their banana plantations for $3,500,000 before August, 1912. Cecil was to be the General Manager of the Atlantic Fruit Company in Costa Rica.
The Atlantic Fruit Company could not or would not execute the option, and in 1912, the Lindo properties were sold to United Fruit Company for $5,000,000.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JFEAQAAMAAJ&q=lindo+juan+vinas |title=Pan American Magazine |date=1913 |language=en}}</ref>
By 1913, the Lindo brothers were owners of vast sugar, coffee and cocoa estates, lumber and flour mills, breweries, ice-making and aerated factories. Their agricultural interests included 1,000 acres of sugar, 2,000 acres of cacao and 7,000 acres of Coffee plantations, exporting three millions pounds of coffee each year, with an approximate value of half a million dollars.
=== Jamaica === [[File:Lindo Bros Office - Jamaica.png|thumb|Lindo Brothers & Co. office on Port Royal Street in Kingston]] By 1911, Percy owned several thousand acres of land in the Oracabessa area. That year he sold a property to Ruth Bryan Owen, which she named Golden Clouds.
In 1914, Lindo Bros. & Co. Ltd. was formed in Jamaica and Percy was appointed the resident manager.
The company began by purchasing properties along north coast of the island to plant bananas in conjunction with their cousins, the deLisser Brothers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hart |first=Ansell |title=The Banana in Jamaica: Export Trade |date=1954 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27850979 |journal=Social and Economic Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=212–229 |jstor=27850979 |issn=0037-7651}}</ref>
In 1916 they purchased the entire estate of Colonel Charles Ward, which included J. Wray and Nephew Ltd. and large estates in Saint Catherine and Clarendon.
The next year Appleton Estate in Saint Elizabeth and Cornwall in Westmoreland were purchased by the company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaican Rum - A kill-devil of a drink |url=https://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/pages/history/story0030.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=old.jamaica-gleaner.com}}</ref> thumb|10,000 Gallon Vats used to store the Lindo rum
They expanded factory and distillery operations, adding additional warehouses to store and age the rums, a bottle washing machine and an electric bottling line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History Of Jamaican Rum {{!}} Blog {{!}} Negril Onestop Jamaica Resorts and Hotels |url=https://www.negrilonestop.com/Blog/The-History-Of-Jamaican-Rum/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=www.negrilonestop.com}}</ref> International distribution deals were made on behalf of the company with Schieffelin & Co. of New York and EA de Pass & Co. of London.<ref>{{Cite book |last=York |first=Hundred Year Association of New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-xQAQAAMAAJ&q=wray+nephew |title=The Hundred Year Book: Being the Story of the Members of the Hundred Year Association of New York |date=1942 |publisher=A. S. Barnes |language=en}}</ref>thumb|Bernard Lodge Sugar Factory In 1925 the Lindo Bros & Co., in partnership with Allan Keeling, invested £1,000,000 in the establishment of the Bernard Lodge Central Sugar Factory.
In 1928, the Lindo Bros sold 56,600 acres of land in Jamaica to the United Fruit Company for £2,000,000, which at the time, was the largest transaction in the history of the island.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Post |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lkFCAAAQBAJ&dq=percy+lindo+united+fruit&pg=PA90 |title=Arise Ye Starvelings: The Jamaican Labour Rebellion of 1938 and its Aftermath |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4613-4101-7 |language=en}}</ref> That year '''Lindo Brothers''' acquired the wharf and office premises of the Atlantic Fruit Company on King Street.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfQWAQAAMAAJ&q=lindo+bros+king+street+wharf |title=Stone & Webster Journal |date=1928 |publisher=Stone & Webster |language=en}}</ref>
Percy was an appointed as a Member of the Legislative Council from 1930-42. He was a director of the Jamaica Mutual Life Assurance Society and the Jamaica Imperial Association.thumb|The bonded warehouses of Lindo BrothersIn 1937, Cecil Lindo told a journalist: "I have one million gallons of rum stored. When any quantity of the matured rums is taken out, the stock is immediately replenished."
In 1939, Lindo Bros & Co. sold J. Wray and Nephew Ltd. and Appleton Estate to Percy Lindo.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Delevante |first1=Marilyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVlqAAAAMAAJ&q=lindo+bros+banana+jamaica |title=The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica |last2=Alberga |first2=Anthony |date=2006 |publisher=Ian Randle |isbn=978-976-637-212-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Post |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lkFCAAAQBAJ&dq=percy+lindo+jamaica&pg=PA90 |title=Arise Ye Starvelings: The Jamaican Labour Rebellion of 1938 and its Aftermath |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4613-4101-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranston |first=Jackie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeT_AAAACAAJ |title=The Lindo Legacy |date=2000 |publisher=Toucan Books |isbn=978-1-903435-00-7 |language=en}}</ref>
After much experimentation, the first Appleton Estate branded rums were launched in 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Appleton Estate Jamaica Rum, with tasting, production insight and more - Liquor and Liqueur Connoisseur |url=https://www.liquorandliqueurconnoisseur.com/episode/episode-92-appleton-estate-signature |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.liquorandliqueurconnoisseur.com |language=en}}</ref> The rums were light, fragrant and meant to serve as a substitute for whiskey, which was hard to come by during World War II. That year the Mai Tai was invented using J.Wray & Nephew 17 year old by Victor Bergeron of Trader Vic's.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2022 |title=Journey to Joy: Appleton Estate competition returns - CLASS |url=https://classbarmag.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/684/Journey_to_Joy%3A_Appleton_Estate_competition_returns.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=classbarmag.com |language=en}}</ref>
== Personal life == He married Hilda Violet Lindo in 1903 in Kingston.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranston |first=Jackie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeT_AAAACAAJ |title=The Lindo Legacy |date=2000 |publisher=Toucan Books |isbn=978-1-903435-00-7 |language=en}}</ref> The couple had four children: Delores, Roy, Blanche and Frederick Cecil Lindo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Percival Henriques Lindo |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Percival-Lindo/6000000033047443450 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=geni_family_tree |date=1877 |language=en-US}}</ref>
The family lived at Cecilio Lodge, now St Andrew High School while constructing Royston, now Campion College, Jamaica.
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lindo, Percy}} Category:1877 births Category:1946 deaths Category:Jamaican bankers Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Jamaica Category:20th-century Jamaican politicians Category:Jamaican people of Jewish descent Category:Jamaican people of Spanish descent Category:Owners of plantations in Jamaica