Peptaibol

{{Short description|Family of transport proteins}} {{Infobox protein family | Symbol = N/A | Name = | image = | width = | caption = | Pfam = | Pfam_clan = | InterPro = | SMART = | PROSITE = | MEROPS = | SCOP = | TCDB = 1.D.5 | OPM family = 44 | OPM protein = 1ob7 | CAZy = | CDD = }}

'''Peptaibols''' are biologically active peptides containing between seven and twenty amino acid residues, some of which are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In particular, they contain α-aminoisobutyric acid along with other unusual aminoacids such as ethylnorvaline, isovaline and hydroxyproline; the N-terminus is acetylated, and the C-terminal amino acid is hydroxylated to an acid alcohol. They are named pebtaibols due to them being '''pept'''ides containing α-aminoisobutyric acid ('''Aib''') and ending in an alcoh'''ol'''.<ref name=chugh>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chugh JK, Wallace BA | title = Peptaibols: models for ion channels | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 29 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 565–70 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11498029 | doi = 10.1042/bst0290565 | url = http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/bst/029/0565/bst0290565.htm | url-access = subscription }}</ref> They are produced by certain fungi, mainly in the genus ''Trichoderma'', as secondary metabolites which function as antibiotics and antifungal agents.<ref name=chugh/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stoppacher N, Reithner B, Omann M, Zeilinger S, Krska R, Schuhmacher R | title = Profiling of trichorzianines in culture samples of Trichoderma atroviride by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry | journal = Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | volume = 21 | issue = 24 | pages = 3963–70 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18008385 | doi = 10.1002/rcm.3301 | bibcode = 2007RCMS...21.3963S }}</ref> Some are referred to as '''trichorzianines'''.<ref>{{cite journal|url= |title=Parallel Formation and Synergism of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Peptaibol Antibiotics, Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Antagonistic Action of Trichoderma harzianum against Phytopathogenic Fungi |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology| first1 = Marion | last1 = Schirmbock | first2 = Matlteo | last2 = Lorito | first3 = Yong-Li | last3 = Wang | first4 = Christopher K. | last4 = Hayes | first5 = Inci | last5 = Arisan-Atac | first6 = Felice | last6 = Scala | first7 = Gary E. | last7 = Harman | first8 = Christian P. | last8 = Kubicek | name-list-style = vanc |date=December 1994 |volume=60 |issue=12 |pages=4364–70 |doi=10.1128/AEM.60.12.4364-4370.1994 |pmid=7811076 |pmc=201994 |bibcode=1994ApEnM..60.4364S }}</ref> They are amphipathic which allows them to form voltage-dependent ion channels in cell membranes which create holes in the membrane making them leaky and leading to the death of the cells. As of 2001, over 317 peptaibols had been identified.<ref name=chugh/> The most widely known peptaibol is alamethicin.

== References == {{reflist}}

== External links == * [http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/peptaibol Petaibol database]

Category:Antibiotics Category:Trichoderma Category:Antimicrobial peptides