{{Short description|Possible pharaoh}} {{Infobox pharaoh | name = Penamun | alt_name = Merytawy Penamun; Merytawyre Penamun | image = Block Penamun Naville.jpg | caption = Drawing of the block of Penamun, from Kom Abu Billo<ref name=naville>Naville, Édouard (1890). "Mound of the Jew and the city of Onias", ''Seventh memoir of the Egyptian Exploration Fund'', London, pl. 20, n. 13</ref> | dynasty = ? | nomen = ''Merytawy[re?] Penamun<br>Mrj-tȝwj[Rˁ?] P(ȝ)-n-Jmn''<ref name=beck/><br>Beloved of the Two Lands [...is Ra?], Penamun | nomen_hiero = <hiero>HASH-N36-N17:N16-p:n-N38</hiero> }} '''Merytawy Penamun''' was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh whose datation is extremely uncertain.
==Identification== Penamun does not appear on any king list and his damaged cartouche was only found on a stone block from Kom Abu Billo (ancient Terenuthis) in the western Nile Delta.<ref name=naville/><ref name=KK>{{cite book |last=Kitchen |first=Kenneth A. |authorlink=|date=1996 |title=The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC) |url= |location= Warminster |publisher= Aris & Phillips Limited |page=608 |isbn= 0-85668-298-5 }}, § 79</ref>
According to Jürgen von Beckerath, Penamun should have been a local Delta ruler during the 25th Dynasty (744–656 BC) who adopted the royal titulary; von Beckerath argues that he put his ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'' within the same cartouche, and that the lost portion on it could have contained the hieroglyph for "Re" (N5 in Gardiner's sign list) i.e. the standard suffix for pharaonic ''praenomina'', thus becoming a ''Merytawyre''.<ref name=beck>{{cite book |last=von Beckerath|first=Jürgen |authorlink=|date=1999 |title= Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (Münchner ägyptologische Studien, 49) |url= |location= Mainz|publisher= Philip von Zabern |page= |isbn= 3-8053-2591-6 }}, pp. 212-13</ref><ref name=lexi>{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Thomas |authorlink=|date=1994 |title=Lexikon der Pharaonen |url= |location= Zürich |publisher= Artemis & Winkler |page=328 |isbn= 3-7608-1102-7 }}, p. 190</ref>
Based on orthographic grounds, Kenneth Kitchen conversely opts for a later dating for Penamun, arguing that he ruled during the Persian period (starting with the 27th Dynasty, 525–404 BC) or perhaps even later.<ref name=KK/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Pharaohs}} {{authority control}}
Category:8th-century BC pharaohs Category:7th-century BC pharaohs Category:Non-dynastic pharaohs Category:People of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt Category:Third Intermediate Period of Egypt Category:Late Period of ancient Egypt
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