Pegasus Bay

{{For|the statistical area|The Pines Beach#Pegasus Bay statistical area}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Pegasus Bay | native_name = | other_name = | image = Pegasus Bay, with New Brighton the spit in the foreground.jpg | alt = Pegasus Bay, with New Brighton the spit in the foreground | caption = Pegasus Bay, with New Brighton the spit in the foreground | image_bathymetry = NZ-Pegasus B.png | bathymetry_size = 200px | alt_bathymetry = Location of Pegasus Bay | caption_bathymetry = Location of Pegasus Bay  | location = [[South Island]] | group = | coordinates = {{Coord|43|20|S|173|00|E|region:NZ_type:waterbody|display=title,inline}} | type = Bay | etymology = | part_of = [[Pacific Ocean]] | inflow = | rivers = | outflow = | catchment =  | basin_countries = [[New Zealand]] | length =  | width =  | area =  | depth =  | max-depth =  | salinity = | shore =  | islands =  | website = | reference = }} '''Pegasus Bay''', earlier known as '''Cook's Mistake''', is a bay on the east coast of the [[South Island]] of New Zealand, to the north of [[Banks Peninsula]].

==Toponymy== [[File:Pegasus Bay's view from Mount Pleasant 2022-10-30.jpg|thumb|left|A view of Pegasus Bay, New Brighton, New Zealand from Mount Pleasant. 30 October 2022.]] Pegasus Bay takes its name from the [[brig]] ''Pegasus'', a sealing ship that was sailing from Hobart to London via the ''sealing islands'' and was surveying this part of the South Island in 1809. Attempting to sail into Gore's Bay shown on Captain Cook's map between the supposed ''Island'' that Cook had named after Banks, the crew discovered a mistake in Cook's chart and found the island was a peninsula connected to the rest of the South Island mainland by a low-lying isthmus.<ref name="McNab">{{cite book |last1=McNab |first1=Robert |title=Murihiku: A History of the South Island of New Zealand and the Islands Adjacent and Lying to the South, from 1642 to 1835 |date=1909 |publisher=Whitcombe and Tombs Limited |location=Wellington |pages=160–161 |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-McNMuri-t1-body-d1-d13.html |access-date=7 February 2021 |chapter=Chapter XIII. — Stewart Island Exploited, 1809 and 1810}}</ref> Fortunately they discovered this before trying to pass between the supposed island and the mainland before dark while approaching from the north and were still in about {{convert|27|m|fathom|abbr=off}} of water.<ref name="McNab" /> Captain Chace (or Chase) and his first officer William Stewart, who had also surveyed Stewart Island on the same journey, were reported in the Oriental Navigator in 1816.<ref name="McNab" /><ref name="Purdy"/> Charts made of this part of New Zealand from the 1809 survey give the names Cook's Mistake or Pegasus Bay to this large bay.<ref name="McNab" />

[[Māori people|Māori]] do not divide this part of the coast in the same way, so there is no equivalent Māori name. However, the sandy beach on the shoreline between the Ashley River and [[Avon Heathcote Estuary]] is known as ''Kairaki'' (which is an ancient name of unknown meaning for the Pacific). While a fishing ground to the east of Pegasus Bay is known as ''Komaka a Te KaiKai a Waro'' meaning ''the foodstore belonging to KaiKai a Waro''.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

==Geography== Pegasus Bay lies on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand, between the [[Motunau River]] and [[Motunau Island]] in the north and [[Banks Peninsula]] in the south.<ref name="NZPilot">{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=G. H. (George Henry) |last2=Evans |first2=F. J. (Frederick John Owen) |title=The New Zealand Pilot |date=1875 |publisher=Hydrographic Office, Admiralty |location=London |pages=209–210 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/thenewzealandpilot/page/n231/mode/1up |access-date=7 February 2021 |chapter=Pegasus Bay}}</ref> The bay is nearly {{convert|75|km|nmi|abbr=off}} across and {{convert|28|km|nmi|abbr=off}} deep, with {{convert|37|m|fathom|abbr=off}} of water that gradually shoals to about {{convert|11|m|fathom|0|abbr=off}} or {{convert|13|m|fathom|0|abbr=off}} about {{convert|2|km|nmi|0|abbr=off}} from shore.<ref name="NZPilot" /> The northern part of the coast are mostly cliffs, with stony or sandy beaches at low tide.<ref name="NZPilot" /> The bay has a sandy beach that runs for about {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=off}} from about the [[Waipara River (Canterbury)|Waipara River]] mouth to the [[Christchurch]] suburbs of [[Sumner, New Zealand|Sumner]] and [[Scarborough, New Zealand|Scarborough]] on [[Banks Peninsula]].<ref name="NZPilot" />

===Rivers=== Rivers flowing into Pegasus Bay, from north to south, are: *[[Motunau River]] *[[Waipara River (Canterbury)|Waipara River]] *[[Ashley River / Rakahuri]] *[[Waimakariri River]] *[[Avon River / Ōtākaro]] and [[Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River]] via the [[Avon Heathcote Estuary / Ihutai]]

==Fauna== [[File:Spencer Beach 01.jpg|thumb|right|Spencer Beach, [[Spencerville, New Zealand|Spencerville]]]] Other than [[dolphin]]s including the endemic, endangered [[Hector's dolphin]]s that regularly live or visit into the waters, [[whale]]s such as [[southern right whale|southern right]] and [[Humpback whale|humpback]] are known to migrate into the bay.<ref>Clement D.. 2009. [https://www.lpc.co.nz/TempFiles/TempDocuments/Other/Maintenance%20Dredging/Appendix%2010%20-%20Cawthron%20report%201705.pdf Assessment of Potential Effects on Marine Mammals of Proposed Capital Dredging of Approach Channel to Lyttelton Port of Christchurch and Offshore Disposal of Spoil]. Cawthron Report. No. 1705. retrieved on 5 November 2014</ref><ref>[http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/AssessmentOfEnvironmentalEffectsSection05-abouttheproject.pdf Description of the Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023630/http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/AssessmentOfEnvironmentalEffectsSection05-abouttheproject.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}. Retrieved on 5 November 2014</ref>

==Discovery==

The ''Pegasus'' was the name of the sailing ship which surveyed part of the South Island in 1809. The [[brig]] ''Pegasus'' was the former ''Pegaso'', captured at the Peruvian port of [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]] on 28 July 1807 by the British frigate {{HMS|Cornwallis|1805|6}}, commanded by Captain Charles James Johnston, during a cruise against Spanish shipping and ports along the coasts of Spanish America.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=John |title=Royal Naval Biography, Supplement, Part I |date=1827 |location=London |page=168}}</ref> Johnston dispatched ''Pegaso'' to [[Port Jackson]], where she arrived at the end of October.<ref>John Harris to Anna Josépha King, 25 October 1807, ''Historical Records of New South Wales,'' Sydney, Vol.VI, 1898, p.348.</ref> Submitted to the Court of Admiralty in Sydney, ''Pegaso'', was condemned as a prize on 24 January 1808 and sold off, renamed ''Pegasus''. A few months later she was acquired by Thomas Moore and in May of that year she was made ready to go on the sealing trade to the southern part of New Zealand. This expedition took place between August 1808 and March 1809, when ''Pegasus'' was commanded by Captain [[Eber Bunker]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=John O'C. |title=William Stewart, Sealing Captain, Trader and Speculator |date=1987 |publisher=Roebuck Society |location=Aranda (A.C.T) |page=100}}</ref> ''Pegasus'' went on a second expedition under the command of Samuel Chase from Port Jackson to London by way of the sealing grounds in southern New Zealand from May 1809 to August 1810: [[William W. Stewart]] was first officer and made charts of the New Zealand coast, including [[Stewart Island]], which was subsequently named after him.<ref>''The Sydney Gazette,'' 15 May 22 May, 29 May 5 June 17 July 24 July 21 August 28 August 11 September 18 September 1808, 19 March 12 March 9 April 16 April 7 May 1809.</ref><ref name="Purdy">{{cite book |last1=Purdy |first1=John |title=The Oriental Navigator |date=1816 |location=London |page=90}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Charles |last1=Wilkes |title=Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition |volume=2 |location=Philadelphia |date=1844 |page=405}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Marshall |title=Royal Naval Biography |volume=Supplement, Part I |location=London |date=1827 |page=168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Robert |last1=McNab |title=Murihiku and the Southern Islands |location=Invercargill |publisher=William South |date=1907 |pages=155–162}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=John O'C. |last1=Ross |title=William Stewart, Sealing Captain, Trader and Speculator |location=Aranda (A.C.T) |publisher=Roebuck Society |date=1987 |pages=97–117}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Whitaker |first1=Anne-Marie |title=From Norfolk Island to Foveaux Strait: Joseph Foveaux's Role in the Expansion of Whaling and Sealing in Early Nineteenth Century Australasia |journal=The Great Circle |date=2004 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=51–59}}</ref>{{excessive citations inline|date=June 2024}} William Stewart gave Pegasus Bay its name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Chronology/Year/1809.asp |title=Christchurch Chronology 1809 – Heritage |publisher=Christchurch City Libraries |date=12 June 2013 |access-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> The captain of the ship, Captain Samuel Chase (not to be confused with his contemporary, Captain Samuel Rodman Chace),<ref>{{cite book |title= Taka: a vignette life of William Tucker 1784–1817 |last= Entwisle |first= Peter | author-link=Peter Entwisle |year= 2005 |publisher= Port Daniel Press |isbn= 0-473-10098-3 |page= 49 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ELYS5ftt7NgC&q=%22The+pegasus%22+captain+samuel+chase&pg=PA49 |access-date= 19 August 2010}}</ref> lays claim to correcting [[James Cook]]'s charts by determining that "Banks Island" was in fact a peninsula. As late as 1843, the bay was referred to as Cook's Mistake.<ref>{{cite book | title = A History of Canterbury: to 1854 | volume = I | last1 = Hight | first1 = James | author-link1 = James Hight | last2 = Straubel | first2 = C. R. | year = 1957 | publisher = Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd | location = Christchurch | page=35}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bays of the Canterbury Region]] [[Category:Waimakariri District]]