Euphorbia sect. Crepidaria
TaxonEuphorbia sect. Crepidaria
Authority(Haw.) Baill.[1]
Subdivision ranksSpecies
Subdivision

Pedilanthus, the slipper spurges,[2][3] was a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, now subsumed into the genus Euphorbia[2] on the basis of phylogenic analysis in the early 2000s.[4] The former genus is now referred to as the Pedilanthus clade[2][3] or as Euphorbia sect. Crepidaria.[2] It includes 15 species, 14 of which are restricted to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Only one species (E. tithymaloides) has a wide distribution, from the Florida to the West Indies and South America, and cultivated in all tropical regions with several cultivars.[4]

Description and habitats

Pedilanthus is distinguished from other Euphorbia by its inflorescence, a spurred cyathia with fused styles and with it glands hidden within a nectar spur[4] inspiring the common names of slipper spurge, slipper flower or slipper plant. Unlike other Euphorbia, members of this clade are mostly hummingbird pollinated.[5]

Species of this clade occupy a remarkably wide range of habitats and life forms.[5] Most of them, like E. tithymaloides, are small leafy shrubs found in the tropical dry forests of Mexico and the Caribbean. E. calcarata is a small woody tree of the tropical dry forests, E. cymbifera and E. lomelii are on the contrary almost leafless stem succulents. E. finkii is found in Mexico's moist forests.

Cacho et al. divide the clade into four subclades: a xeric subclade, with succulent shrubs of tropical deciduous forest, scrub or desert; a mesic subclade which includes all five species that inhabit mesic forests except E. finkii which forms its own subclade; and E. personata and E. tithymaloides with its subspecies which to together make up the fourth subclade.[5]

Pedianthus are widely cultivated as a ornamental plants as hedges and in gardens in the tropics and subtropics.[6]

Synonyms

Species and subspecies

The former genus Pedilanthus consists of:[4]

References

  1. ^ Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. Bibcode:2013Taxon..62..291D. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl:2027.42/146962. S2CID 87352157
  2. ^ Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432
  3. ^ Olson, Mark E.; Lomelí S., José A.; Cacho, N. Ivalú (2005). "Extinction threat in the Pedilanthus clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae), with special reference to the recently rediscovered E. conzattii (P. pulchellus)". American Journal of Botany. 92 (4): 634–641. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.634. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 21652441
  4. ^ Steinmann, V. W. (2003). "The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)". Acta Botanica Mexicana. 65: 45-50.
  5. ^ Cacho, N. I.; Berry, P. E.; Olson, M. E.; Steinmann, V. W.; Baum, D. A. (2010). "Are spurred cyathia a key innovation? Molecular systematics and trait evolution in the slipper spurges (Pedilanthus clade: Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (3): 493–510.
  6. ^ Dressler, Robert L. (1957). "The Genus Pedilanthus (Euphorbiaceae)". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. ' (182): 1-188.