Isotopes of palladium

{{Short description|none}} {{Infobox palladium isotopes}} Natural palladium ({{sub|46}}Pd) is composed of six stable isotopes, {{sup|102}}Pd, {{sup|104}}Pd, {{sup|105}}Pd, {{sup|106}}Pd, {{sup|108}}Pd, and {{sup|110}}Pd, although {{sup|102}}Pd and {{sup|110}}Pd are theoretically unstable. The most stable radioisotopes are {{sup|107}}Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years, {{sup|103}}Pd with a half-life of 16.99 days, and {{sup|100}}Pd with a half-life of 3.63 days. Twenty-five other radioisotopes have been characterized ranging from {{sup|91}}Pd to {{sup|129}}Pd. Most of these have half-lives that are less than 30 minutes except {{sup|101}}Pd (8.47 hours), {{sup|109}}Pd (13.6 hours), and {{sup|112}}Pd (21.0 hours).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, {{sup|106}}Pd, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay product before {{sup|106}}Pd is rhodium and the primary product after is silver.

Radiogenic {{sup|107}}Ag is a decay product of {{sup|107}}Pd and was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite of 1978.<ref> {{cite journal | author= W. R. Kelly |author2=G. J. Wasserburg | year = 1978 | title = Evidence for the existence of ¹⁰⁷Pd in the early solar system | journal = Geophysical Research Letters | volume = 5 | issue = 12| pages = 1079–1082 | doi =10.1029/GL005i012p01079 | bibcode=1978GeoRL...5.1079K }}</ref> The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. {{sup|107}}Pd versus Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.<ref> {{cite journal | author= J. H. Chen |author2=G. J. Wasserburg | year = 1990 | title = The isotopic composition of Ag in meteorites and the presence of ¹⁰⁷Pd in protoplanets | journal = Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta | volume = 54| issue = 6 | pages = 1729–1743 | doi = 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90404-9 |bibcode = 1990GeCoA..54.1729C }}</ref>

== List of isotopes == {{Isotopes table | symbol = Pd | refs = NUBASE2020, AME2020 II, IsotopeFRIB, IsomerFRIB | notes = m, unc(), mass#, exen#, hl#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, IT, EC, p, discoveryname }} |-id=Palladium-90 | rowspan=3|⁹⁰Pd | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 44 | rowspan=3|89.95737(43)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/90.pdf 2016] | rowspan=3|10#&nbsp;ms{{br}}[>&nbsp;400&nbsp;ns] | β⁺? | ⁹⁰Rh | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁺, p? | ⁸⁹Ru |- | 2p? | ⁸⁸Ru |-id=Palladium-91 | rowspan=2|⁹¹Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 45 | rowspan=2|90.95044(45)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/91.pdf 1995] | rowspan=2|32(3)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ (96.9%) | ⁹¹Rh | rowspan=2|7/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (3.1%) | ⁹⁰Ru |-id=Palladium-92 | rowspan=2|⁹²Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2|91.94119(37) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/92.pdf 1994] | rowspan=2|1.06(3)&nbsp;s | β⁺ (98.4%) | ⁹²Rh | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (1.6%) | ⁹¹Ru |-id=Palladium-93 | rowspan=2|⁹³Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47 | rowspan=2|92.93668(40) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/93.pdf 1994] | rowspan=2|1.17(2)&nbsp;s | β⁺ (92.6%) | ⁹³Rh | rowspan=2|(9/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (7.4%) | ⁹²Ru |-id=Palladium-94 | rowspan=2|⁹⁴Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 48 | rowspan=2|93.9290363(46) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/94.pdf 1982] | rowspan=2|9.1(3)&nbsp;s | β⁺ (>99.87%) | ⁹⁴Rh | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (<0.13%) | ⁹³Ru |-id=Palladium-94m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^94m1Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4883.1(4)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/94Pd-1.pdf 1995] | 515(1)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁹⁴Pd | (14+) | | |-id=Palladium-94m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^94m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 7209.8(8)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/94Pd-2.pdf 2011] | 206(18)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁹⁴Pd | (19−) | | |-id=Palladium-95 | rowspan=2|⁹⁵Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49 | rowspan=2|94.9248885(33) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/95.pdf 1980] | rowspan=2|7.4(4)&nbsp;s | β⁺ (99.77%) | ⁹⁵Rh | rowspan=2|9/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (0.23%) | ⁹⁴Ru |-id=Palladium-95m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^95m1Pd<ref name="xing2023">{{cite journal |last1=Xing |first1=Y. M. |last2=Yuan |first2=C. X. |last3=Wang |first3=M. |last4=Zhang |first4=Y. H. |last5=Zhou |first5=X. H. |last6=Litvinov |first6=Yu. A. |last7=Blaum |first7=K. |last8=Xu |first8=H. S. |last9=Bao |first9=T. |last10=Chen |first10=R. J. |last11=Fu |first11=C. Y. |last12=Gao |first12=B. S. |last13=Ge |first13=W. W. |last14=He |first14=J. J. |last15=Huang |first15=W. J. |last16=Liao |first16=T. |last17=Li |first17=J. G. |last18=Li |first18=H. F. |last19=Litvinov |first19=S. |last20=Naimi |first20=S. |last21=Shuai |first21=P. |last22=Sun |first22=M. Z. |last23=Wang |first23=Q. |last24=Xu |first24=X. |last25=Xu |first25=F. R. |last26=Yamaguchi |first26=T. |last27=Yan |first27=X. L. |last28=Yang |first28=J. C. |last29=Yuan |first29=Y. J. |last30=Zeng |first30=Q. |last31=Zhang |first31=M. |last32=Zhou |first32=X. |title=Isochronous mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclei from Sn 112 projectile fragmentation |journal=Physical Review C |date=11 January 2023 |volume=107 |issue=1 |article-number=014304 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014304}}</ref> | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 804(39)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/95Pd-1.pdf 2023] | | | | (1/2−) | | |-id=Palladium-95m2 | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | ^95m2Pd | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1875.13(14)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/95Pd-1.pdf 1980] | rowspan=3|13.3(2)&nbsp;s | β⁺ (88%) | ⁹⁵Rh | rowspan=3|(21/2+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | IT (11%) | ⁹⁵Pd |- | β⁺, p (0.71%) | ⁹⁴Ru |-id=Palladium-96 | ⁹⁶Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 50 | 95.9182137(45) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/96.pdf 1980] | 122(2)&nbsp;s | β⁺ | ⁹⁶Rh | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-96m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^96mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2530.57(23)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/96Pd-1.pdf 1983] | 1.804(7)&nbsp;μs | IT | ⁹⁶Pd | 8+# | | |-id=Palladium-97 | ⁹⁷Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 51 | 96.9164720(52) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/97.pdf 1969] | 3.10(9)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | ⁹⁷Rh | 5/2+# | | |-id=Palladium-98 | ⁹⁸Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 97.9126983(51) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/98.pdf 1955] | 17.7(4)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | ⁹⁸Rh | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-99 | ⁹⁹Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 53 | 98.9117731(55) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/99.pdf 1955] | 21.4(2)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | ⁹⁹Rh | (5/2)+ | | |-id=Palladium-100 | ¹⁰⁰Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 54 | 99.908520(19) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/100.pdf 1948] | 3.63(9)&nbsp;d | EC | ¹⁰⁰Rh | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-101 | ¹⁰¹Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 55 | 100.9082848(49) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/101.pdf 1948] | 8.47(6)&nbsp;h | β⁺ | ¹⁰¹Rh | 5/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-102 | ¹⁰²Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 56 | 101.90563229(45) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/102.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to '''¹⁰²Ru''' with a half-life over 7.6×10¹⁸&nbsp;y</ref> | 0+ | 0.0102(1) | |-id=Palladium-103 | ¹⁰³Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 57 | 102.90611107(94) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/103.pdf 1950] | 16.991(19)&nbsp;d | EC | '''¹⁰³Rh''' | 5/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-104 | ¹⁰⁴Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | 103.9040304(14) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/104.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 0+ | 0.1114(8) | |-id=Palladium-105 | ¹⁰⁵Pd<ref group="n" name="FP">Fission product</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 59 | 104.9050795(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/105.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 5/2+ | 0.2233(8) | |-id=Palladium-105m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^105mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 489.1(3)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/105Pd-1.pdf 1958] | 35.5(5)&nbsp;μs | IT | '''¹⁰⁵Pd''' | 11/2− | | |-id=Palladium-106 | ¹⁰⁶Pd<ref group="n" name="FP" /> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 60 | 105.9034803(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/106.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 0+ | 0.2733(3) | |-id=Palladium-107 | ¹⁰⁷Pd<ref group="n">Long-lived fission product</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 61 | 106.9051281(13) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/107.pdf 1958] | 6.5(3)×10⁶ y | β⁻ | '''¹⁰⁷Ag''' | 5/2+ | trace<ref group="n">Cosmogenic nuclide, also found as nuclear contamination</ref> | |-id=Palladium-107m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^107m1Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 115.74(12)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/107Pd-2.pdf 1969] | 0.85(10)&nbsp;μs | IT | ¹⁰⁷Pd | 1/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-107m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^107m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 214.6(3)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/107Pd-1.pdf 1958] | 21.3(5)&nbsp;s | IT | ¹⁰⁷Pd | 11/2− | | |-id=Palladium-108 | ¹⁰⁸Pd<ref group="n" name="FP" /> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 62 | 107.9038918(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/108.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 0+ | 0.2646(9) | |-id=Palladium-109 | ¹⁰⁹Pd<ref group="n" name="FP" /> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 63 | 108.9059506(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/109.pdf 1937] | 13.59(12)&nbsp;h | β⁻ | '''¹⁰⁹Ag''' | 5/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-109m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^109m1Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 113.4000(14)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/109Pd-2.pdf 1978] | 380(50)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹⁰⁹Pd | 1/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-109m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^109m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 188.9903(10)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/109Pd-1.pdf 1957] | 4.703(9)&nbsp;min | IT | ¹⁰⁹Pd | 11/2− | | |-id=Palladium-110 | ¹¹⁰Pd<ref group="n" name="FP" /> | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 64 | 109.90517288(66) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/110.pdf 1935] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to decay by β⁻β⁻ to '''¹¹⁰Cd''' with a half-life over 2.9×10²⁰ years</ref> | 0+ | 0.1172(9) | |-id=Palladium-111 | ¹¹¹Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 65 | 110.90769036(79) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/111.pdf 1937] | 23.56(9)&nbsp;min | β⁻ | ¹¹¹Ag | 5/2+ | | |-id=Palladium-111m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^111mPd | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 172.18(8)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/111Pd-1.pdf 1960] | rowspan=2|5.563(13)&nbsp;h | IT (76.8%) | ¹¹¹Pd | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (23.2%) | ¹¹¹Ag |-id=Palladium-112 | ¹¹²Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 66 | 111.9073306(70) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/112.pdf 1951] | 21.04(17)&nbsp;h | β⁻ | ¹¹²Ag | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-113 | ¹¹³Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 67 | 112.9102619(75) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/113.pdf 1954] | 93(5)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹³Ag | (5/2+) | | |-id=Palladium-113m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^113mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 81.1(3)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/113Pd-1.pdf 1993] | 0.3(1)&nbsp;s | IT | ¹¹³Pd | (9/2−) | | |-id=Palladium-114 | ¹¹⁴Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 68 | 113.9103694(75) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/114.pdf 1958] | 2.42(6)&nbsp;min | β⁻ | ¹¹⁴Ag | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-115 | ¹¹⁵Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 69 | 114.9136650(19)<ref name="jaries2024">{{cite journal |last1=Jaries |first1=A. |last2=Stryjczyk |first2=M. |last3=Kankainen |first3=A. |last4=Ayoubi |first4=L. Al |last5=Beliuskina |first5=O. |last6=Canete |first6=L. |last7=de Groote |first7=R. P. |last8=Delafosse |first8=C. |last9=Delahaye |first9=P. |last10=Eronen |first10=T. |last11=Flayol |first11=M. |last12=Ge |first12=Z. |last13=Geldhof |first13=S. |last14=Gins |first14=W. |last15=Hukkanen |first15=M. |last16=Imgram |first16=P. |last17=Kahl |first17=D. |last18=Kostensalo |first18=J. |last19=Kujanpää |first19=S. |last20=Kumar |first20=D. |last21=Moore |first21=I. D. |last22=Mougeot |first22=M. |last23=Nesterenko |first23=D. A. |last24=Nikas |first24=S. |last25=Patel |first25=D. |last26=Penttilä |first26=H. |last27=Pitman-Weymouth |first27=D. |last28=Pohjalainen |first28=I. |last29=Raggio |first29=A. |last30=Ramalho |first30=M. |last31=Reponen |first31=M. |last32=Rinta-Antila |first32=S. |last33=de Roubin |first33=A. |last34=Ruotsalainen |first34=J. |last35=Srivastava |first35=P. C. |last36=Suhonen |first36=J. |last37=Vilen |first37=M. |last38=Virtanen |first38=V. |last39=Zadvornaya |first39=A. |title=Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL |journal=Physical Review C |date=2024 |volume=110 |issue=3 |article-number=034326 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.110.034326 |url=https://journals.aps.org/prc/accepted/fe077P3cDac1f601a8c16c34b19fb124fc3509f19 |arxiv=2403.04710 |bibcode=2024PhRvC.110c4326J }}</ref> | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/115.pdf 1958] | 25(2)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹⁵Ag | (1/2)+ | | |-id=Palladium-115m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^115mPd | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 86.8(29)&nbsp;keV<ref name="jaries2024"/> | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/115Pd-1.pdf 1990] | rowspan=2|50(3)&nbsp;s | β⁻ (92.0%) | ¹¹⁵Ag | rowspan=2|(7/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (8.0%) | ¹¹⁵Pd |-id=Palladium-116 | ¹¹⁶Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 70 | 115.9142979(77) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/116.pdf 1970] | 11.8(4)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹⁶Ag | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-117 | ¹¹⁷Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 71 | 116.9179556(78) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/117.pdf 1968] | 4.3(3)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹⁷Ag | (3/2+) | | |-id=Palladium-117m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^117mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203.3(3)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/117Pd-1.pdf 1991] | 19.1(7)&nbsp;ms | IT | ¹¹⁷Pd | (9/2−) | | |-id=Palladium-118 | ¹¹⁸Pd | style="text-align:right" | 46 | style="text-align:right" | 72 | 117.9190673(27) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/118.pdf 1969] | 1.9(1)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹⁸Ag | 0+ | | |-id=Palladium-119 | rowspan=2|¹¹⁹Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73 | rowspan=2|118.9231238(45)<ref name="jaries2024"/> | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/119.pdf 1991] | rowspan=2|0.88(2)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ¹¹⁹Ag | rowspan=2|1/2+, 3/2+<ref name="kurpeta2022">{{cite journal |last1=Kurpeta |first1=J. |last2=Abramuk |first2=A. |last3=Rząca-Urban |first3=T. |last4=Urban |first4=W. |last5=Canete |first5=L. |last6=Eronen |first6=T. |last7=Geldhof |first7=S. |last8=Gierlik |first8=M. |last9=Greene |first9=J. P. |last10=Jokinen |first10=A. |last11=Kankainen |first11=A. |last12=Moore |first12=I. D. |last13=Nesterenko |first13=D. A. |last14=Penttilä |first14=H. |last15=Pohjalainen |first15=I. |last16=Reponen |first16=M. |last17=Rinta-Antila |first17=S. |last18=de Roubin |first18=A. |last19=Simpson |first19=G. S. |last20=Smith |first20=A. G. |last21=Vilén |first21=M. |title=β - and γ -spectroscopy study of Pd 119 and Ag 119 |journal=Physical Review C |date=14 March 2022 |volume=105 |issue=3 |article-number=034316 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034316}}</ref> | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n? | ¹¹⁸Ag |-id=Palladium-119m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^119mPd<ref name="jaries2024"/> | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 199.1(30)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/119Pd-1.pdf 2022] | 0.85(1)&nbsp;s | IT | ¹¹⁹Pd | (11/2−)<ref name="kurpeta2022"/> | | |-id=Palladium-120 | rowspan=2|¹²⁰Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74 | rowspan=2|119.9245517(25) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/120.pdf 1993] | rowspan=2|492(33)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (>99.3%) | ¹²⁰Ag | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<0.7%) | ¹¹⁹Ag |-id=Palladium-121 | rowspan=2|¹²¹Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75 | rowspan=2|120.9289513(40)<ref name="jaries2024"/> | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/121.pdf 1994] | rowspan=2|290(1)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (>99.2%) | ¹²¹Ag | rowspan=2|3/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<0.8%) | ¹²⁰Ag |-id=Palladium-121m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^121m1Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135.5(5)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/121Pd-1.pdf 2012] | 460(90)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹²¹Pd | 7/2+# | | |-id=Palladium-121m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^121m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(14)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/121Pd-2.pdf 2012] | 460(90)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹²¹Pd | 11/2−# | | |-id=Palladium-122 | rowspan=2|¹²²Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76 | rowspan=2|121.930632(21) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/122.pdf 1994] | rowspan=2|193(5)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ¹²²Ag | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<2.5%) | ¹²¹Ag |-id=Palladium-123 | rowspan=2|¹²³Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2|122.93531(10)<ref name="ruotsalainen2025">{{cite journal |last1=Ruotsalainen |first1=J. |last2=Nesterenko |first2=D. A. |last3=Stryjczyk |first3=M. |last4=Kankainen |first4=A. |last5=Al Ayoubi |first5=L. |last6=Beliuskina |first6=O. |last7=Canete |first7=L. |last8=Chauveau |first8=P. |last9=de Groote |first9=R. P. |last10=Delahaye |first10=P. |last11=Eronen |first11=T. |last12=Flayol |first12=M. |last13=Ge |first13=Z. |last14=Geldhof |first14=S. |last15=Gins |first15=W. |last16=Hukkanen |first16=M. |last17=Jaries |first17=A. |last18=Kahl |first18=D. |last19=Kumar |first19=D. |last20=Moore |first20=I. D. |last21=Nikas |first21=S. |last22=Penttilä |first22=H. |last23=Pitman-Weymouth |first23=D. |last24=Raggio |first24=A. |last25=Rinta-Antila |first25=S. |last26=de Roubin |first26=A. |last27=Vilen |first27=M. |last28=Virtanen |first28=V. A. |last29=Winter |first29=M. |title=High-precision mass measurements of the ground and isomeric states in Ag 124, 125 |journal=Physical Review C |date=16 April 2025 |volume=111 |issue=4 |article-number=044314 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.111.044314 |arxiv=2408.14181}}</ref> | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/123.pdf 1994] | rowspan=2|108(1)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (90%) | ¹²³Ag | rowspan=2|3/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (10%) | ¹²²Ag |-id=Palladium-123m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^123mPd | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(50)#&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | (2019)<ref group="n" | name="short">Half-life not measured, not included in the discovery database</ref> | rowspan=2|100#&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ¹²³Ag | rowspan=2|11/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT? | ¹²³Pd |-id=Palladium-124 | rowspan=2|¹²⁴Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78 | rowspan=2|123.93731(32)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/124.pdf 1997] | rowspan=2|88(15)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (83%) | ¹²⁴Ag | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (17%) | ¹²³Ag |-id=Palladium-124m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^124mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1000(800)#&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/124Pd-1.pdf 2012] | >&nbsp;20&nbsp;μs | IT | ¹²⁴Pd | 11/2−# | | |-id=Palladium-125 | rowspan=2|¹²⁵Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2|124.94207(43)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/125.pdf 2008] | rowspan=2|60(6)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (88%) | ¹²⁵Ag | rowspan=2|3/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (12%) | ¹²⁴Ag |-id=Palladium-125m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^125m1Pd | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(50)#&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | (2019)<ref group="n" name=short /> | rowspan=2|50#&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ¹²⁵Ag | rowspan=2|11/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT? | ¹²⁵Pd |-id=Palladium-125m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^125m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1805.23(18)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/125Pd-1.pdf 2019] | 144(4)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹²⁵Pd | (23/2+) | | |-id=Palladium-126 | rowspan=2|¹²⁶Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 80 | rowspan=2|125.94440(43)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/126.pdf 2008] | rowspan=2|48.6(8)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (78%) | ¹²⁶Ag | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (22%) | ¹²⁵Ag |-id=Palladium-126m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^126m1Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2023.5(7)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/126Pd-2.pdf 2013] | 330(40)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹²⁶Pd | (5−) | | |-id=Palladium-126m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^126m2Pd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2109.7(9)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/126Pd-1.pdf 2013] | 440(30)&nbsp;ns | IT | ¹²⁶Pd | (7−) | | |-id=Palladium-126m3 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^126m3Pd | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2406.0(10)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/126Pd-3.pdf 2014] | rowspan=2|23.0(8)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (72%) | ¹²⁶Ag | rowspan=2|(10+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (28%) | ¹²⁶Pd |-id=Palladium-127 | rowspan=3|¹²⁷Pd | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=3|126.94931(54)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/127.pdf 2010] | rowspan=3|38(2)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (>81%) | ¹²⁷Ag | rowspan=3|11/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n (<19%) | ¹²⁶Ag |- | β⁻, 2n? | ¹²⁵Ag |-id=Palladium-127m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^127mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1717.91(23)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/127Pd-1.pdf 2019] | 39(6)&nbsp;μs | IT | ¹²⁷Pd | (19/2+) | | |-id=Palladium-128 | rowspan=2|¹²⁸Pd | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82 | rowspan=2|127.95235(54)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/128.pdf 2010] | rowspan=2|35(3)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ¹²⁸Ag | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n? | ¹²⁷Ag |-id=Palladium-128m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^128mPd | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2151.0(10)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/46/128Pd-1.pdf 2013] | 5.8(8)&nbsp;μs | IT | ¹²⁸Pd | (8+) | | |-id=Palladium-129 | rowspan=3|¹²⁹Pd | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=3|128.95933(64)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/129.pdf 2015] | rowspan=3|31(7)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ¹²⁹Ag | rowspan=3|7/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ¹²⁸Ag |- | β⁻, 2n? | ¹²⁷Ag |-id=Palladium-130 | rowspan=3|¹³⁰Pd | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 84 | rowspan=3|129.96486(32)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/130.pdf 2018] | rowspan=3|27#&nbsp;ms{{br}}[>&nbsp;550&nbsp;ns] | β⁻ | ¹³⁰Ag | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ¹²⁹Ag |- | β⁻, 2n? | ¹²⁸Ag

|-id=Palladium-131 | rowspan=3|¹³¹Pd | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=3|130.97237(32)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/46/131.pdf 2018] | rowspan=3|20#&nbsp;ms{{br}}[>&nbsp;550&nbsp;ns] | β⁻ | ¹³¹Ag | rowspan=3|7/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ¹³⁰Ag |- | β⁻, 2n? | ¹²⁹Ag {{Isotopes table/footer}}

== Palladium-103 == '''Palladium-103''' is a radioisotope of the element palladium that has uses in brachytherapy for prostate cancer and uveal melanoma. Palladium-103 may be created from palladium-102, or from rhodium-103 using a cyclotron. Palladium-103 has a half-life of 16.99 days and decays by electron capture to an excited state of rhodium-103, which undergoes internal conversion to eject an electron. The resulting electron vacancy leads to emission of characteristic X-rays with 20–23 keV of energy.

== Palladium-107 == {{Long-lived fission products}} '''Palladium-107''' is the second-longest lived (half-life of 6.5&nbsp;million years) and least radioactive (decay energy only 33&nbsp;keV, specific activity 5{{e|-5}}&nbsp;Ci/g) of the 7 long-lived fission products. It undergoes pure beta decay (without gamma radiation) to ¹⁰⁷Ag, which is stable.

Its yield from thermal neutron fission of uranium-235 is 0.14% per fission,<ref name=Pd107-2021>{{cite journal |title=Detection of the Fission Product Palladium-107 in a Pond Sediment Sample from Chernobyl |first1=A. |last1=Weller |first2=T. |last2=Ramaker |first3=F. |last3=Stäger |first4=T. |last4=Blenke |first5=M. |last5=Raiwa |first6=I. |last6=Chyzhevskyi |first7=S. |last7=Kirieiev|first8=S. |last8=Dubchak |first9=G. |last9=Steinhauser |journal=Environmental Science & Technology Letters |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=656–661 |doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00420 |bibcode=2021EnSTL...8..656W |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352972522}}</ref> only 1/4 that of iodine-129, and only 1/40 those of ⁹⁹Tc, ⁹³Zr, and ¹³⁵Cs. Yield from ²³³U is slightly lower, but yield from ²³⁹Pu is much higher, 3.2%.<ref name=Pd107-2021/> Fast fission or fission of some heavier actinides^''[which?]'' will produce palladium-107 at higher yields.

One source<ref>{{cite journal |author=R. P. Bush |title=Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste |journal=Platinum Metals Review |year=1991 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=202–208 |doi=10.1595/003214091X354202208 |url=http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf |access-date=2011-04-02 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074421/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> estimates that palladium produced from fission contains the isotopes ¹⁰⁴Pd (16.9%),¹⁰⁵Pd (29.3%), ¹⁰⁶Pd (21.3%), ¹⁰⁷Pd (17%), ¹⁰⁸Pd (11.7%) and ¹¹⁰Pd (3.8%). According to another source, the proportion of ¹⁰⁷Pd is 9.2% for palladium from thermal neutron fission of ²³⁵U, 11.8% for ²³³U, and 20.4% for ²³⁹Pu (and the ²³⁹Pu yield of palladium is about 10 times that of ²³⁵U).

Because of this dilution and because ¹⁰⁵Pd has 11 times the neutron absorption cross section, ¹⁰⁷Pd is not amenable to disposal by nuclear transmutation. However, as a noble metal, palladium is not as mobile in the environment as iodine or technetium. These characteristic are shared with ⁹³Zr among the LLFPs.

== See also == '''Daughter products other than palladium''' * Isotopes of silver * Isotopes of rhodium * Isotopes of ruthenium

== References == {{reflist}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

Category:Isotopes of palladium Category:Palladium Palladium