Payne I.C.1

{{Short description|British single-seat glider, 1930, not flown}}  {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} {{Use British English|date=March 2017}} {{Infobox aircraft | name = Payne I.C.1 | logo = | logo_size = | image = | alt = | caption = | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = [[Primary glider]] | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = | manufacturer = [[Imperial College Gliding Club]] | design_group = | designer = J. H. Payne | builder = | issuer = | status = | owners = | primary_user = | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = 1 | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = Probably never flown | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }} The '''Payne I.C.1''' was a [[primary glider]] built by members of a university gliding club in 1930. It was finished and prepared for flight but was damaged by wind and repairs were never completed.

==Design and development== When the [[Imperial College Gliding Club]] was formed in February 1930, it had no gliders and therefore decided to build its own. This was designed by J. H. Payne and built by students, with materials donated by the Rector, Sir [[Henry Tizard]]. Parts were made in the Chemistry and Glass workshop of the college and the glider was assembled in Payne's garden. Named ''The Incredible'', the I.C.1 was completed during the club's summer camp at Gore Farm, near [[Shaftesbury]], in September 1930.<ref name=ICGC/><ref name=N1 group=Note/>

The I.C.1 had a straight, constant [[Chord (aircraft)|chord]], thick section wing built around two [[spruce]] box [[spar (aviation)|spar]]s with [[plywood]] webs. The I-section ribs were also made from spruce and ply, the [[leading edge]] from ply and the [[trailing edge]] form [[duralumin|dural]].<ref name=S&G/> It had outboard [[aileron]]s but neither [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]] nor [[air brake (aircraft)|airbrakes]].<ref name=Ell/> The [[fuselage]] was an open frame structure with two horizontal, parallel booms that ran rearwards from the wing spars to the tail, where two cross braces carried the [[tailplane]]. A pair of N-form [[strut]]s converged below the wing onto a third boom, horizontal below the wing then angled upwards to the tail, joining the rear cross brace via a short vertical member and two angled ones. The three long booms formed a triangular section girder that did not require further wire bracing.<ref name=S&G/><ref name=Ell/>

The pilot's seat and control column were mounted, unenclosed, on the lower beam ahead on the wing; below him a shallow, curved member served as a keel for landing. The lower beam also provided an attachment point for [[flying wire|lift wires]], one on each side, to the forward wing spar. Above the wing two further pairs of wires ran from a central, three strut [[Cabane strut|cabane]] to both spars. The tail surfaces were straight edged and the [[fin]] small, its leading edge formed by a sloping member that joined the forward transverse member at the front of the tailplane to the lower fuselage beam. The [[rudder]] extended to the lower fuselage.<ref name=S&G/><ref name=Ell/>

==Operational history== During preparation for its first flight, the ''Incredible'' was overturned by a gust of wind and damaged. It was stored at Gore Farm and repair work was begun in the 1931 Easter vacation but never completed and the SC.1 never flew. In December 1930 the club had bought a [[R.F.D. Primary]] ([[Dagling (glider)|Dagling]]), a steel framed version of the German [[Zogling]], which they designated I.C.II and were soon flying regularly.<ref name=ICGC/>

==Specifications== {{Aircraft specs |ref=British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970<ref name =Ell/> |prime units?=imp  |genhide=

|max speed kmh= |max speed mph= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits= |roll rate= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |sink rate note= |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= }}

{{aircontent  |see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }}

==Notes== {{reflist|group=Note|refs= <ref name=N1 group=Note>Ellison has the date as 1931, but the Imperial College records seem to refute this.</ref> }}

==References== <references>

<ref name=Ell>{{cite book |title= British Gliders and Sailplanes|last=Ellison|first=Norman| year=1971|publisher= A & C Black Ltd|location= London |isbn= 0-7136-1189-8 |page= 151}}</ref>

<ref name=ICGC>{{cite web |url=http://www.icgcarchive.co.uk/index.php?decade=1930&action=overview |title=Imperial College Gliding Club Archives |access-date=2011-10-24}}</ref>

<ref name=S&G>{{cite journal |date=14 November 1930 |title= The Incredible|journal=Sailplane & Glider|volume=1 |issue=11 |page=84 |url= http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/Sailplane%20&%20Glider%201930%20-%201955/Volume%201%20No.%2011%20Nov%2014%201930.pdf}}</ref>

</references>

==External links== *[http://www.icgcarchive.co.uk/1930s/images/1930-1.jpg Image of ''The Incredible'']

[[Category:1930s British sailplanes]] [[Category:Unflown aircraft]] [[Category:Glider aircraft]] [[Category:High-wing aircraft]]