{{short description|Town in Turkey}} {{Infobox Turkey place | type = metro district | name = Payas | image_skyline = Sokollu Mehmet Pasha caravanserai.jpg | image_caption = Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Caravanserai | image_map = Hatay location Payas.png | map_caption = Map showing Payas District in Hatay Province | coordinates = {{coord|36|45|N|36|13|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}} | province = Hatay | leader_party = AKP | leader_name = Bekir Altan | leader_name1 = | area_total_km2 = 157 | elevation_m = 36 | population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/> | population_total = 43919 | population_as_of = 2022 | postal_code = | area_code = 0326 | website = {{url|http://www.payas.bel.tr/}} }} '''Payas''' ({{langx|ar|بياس|translit=Byās}}; {{Langx|grc|Παίας|translit=Paías}}; {{Langx|hyw|Բայաս|translit=Payas}}) is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey.<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=2015-07-06 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> Its area is 157 km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref> and its population is 43,919 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=TÜİK|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> The district Payas was created in 2013 from part of the district of Dörtyol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law No. 6360|url=https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121206-1.htm |date=6 December 2012 |work=Official Gazette|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=İl İdaresi ve Mülki Bölümler Şube Müdürlüğü İstatistikleri - İl ve İlçe Kuruluş Tarihleri |url=https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kurumlar/icisleri.gov.tr/IcSite/illeridaresi/İstatistiki%20Bilgiler/İl%20İdaresi%20ve%20Mülki%20Bölümler/il%20ilce%20kurulus%20tarihleri_2019.pdf |access-date=5 September 2023|page=39 |language=tr}}</ref>
==Geography== Payas is a Mediterranean coastal town. Distance to Dörtyol at the north is {{convert|12 |km}}, to İskenderun at the south is {{convert|20|km}} and to Antakya (the province center) is {{convert|84|km}}.
==History== Payas and its vicinity have been inhabited throughout history. Ancient names of the town were '''Baias''' and '''Bayyas'''. During the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, Payas was one of the theaters of war between Heraclius and Khosrow II. In the second half of the 7th century, Payas became a part of the rising Arabic Empire. Seljuk Turks annexed Payas towards the end of the 11th century. The town was contested between the Turks and the Byzantines, but was captured by the armies of the First Crusade in 1097. It became part of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia soon thereafter. In 1268, the region was captured by the Mamluk Sultanate. Later, the town became a part of the Beylik of Dulkadir, and a part of the Ottoman Empire after the campaign of Selim I in 1517. In the 1567–68 term, Ottoman government Sublime Porte built a shipyard in Payas in preparation for the Cyprus campaign. After the conquest of Cyprus in 1571, the Grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha built a caravansarai, financing it privately. The two fortifications at Payas have been the subject of several surveys.<ref>[https://charlvarchive.org/Site/25 Photographs and a plan of the military architecture at Payas]</ref> Both are Ottoman-period constructions.<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Robert W.| title=The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII | date=1987|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University| location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-88402-163-7|pages=201–204, pls.169a-178b}}</ref>
In the late 18th century, Payas was specifically controlled by the Turkoman family of Kuchuk-Ali, who appeared in records from 1760 onwards, as an offshoot of the Özer dynasty according to the local poet Dadaloğlu.{{sfn|Gould|1976|p=486}} In the same century, Kurdish local chiefs controlled much of the hill country between Marash and Payas. Kurdish bandits frequently attacked caravans in the area, prompting the governor of Adana to appeal for help, to no avail.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McDowall |first=David |title=A modern history of the Kurds |date=2021 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0-7556-0079-3 |edition=4th |location=London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney |pages=39–40}}</ref>
Following a period of short French occupation after the First World War, Payas became a part of Turkey<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.payastr.com/modules.php?name=Payas&file=Payas_Tarihi |title=Town page |access-date=2010-06-09 |language=tr |archive-date=2010-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726192214/http://www.payastr.com/modules.php?name=Payas&file=Payas_Tarihi |url-status=dead }}</ref> unlike most other parts of the Hatay Province, where French occupation continued till 1938, when the rest of Hatay was annexed by Turkey.
==Composition== There are 12 neighbourhoods in Payas District:<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=2015-07-06 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} * Çağlalık * Cumhuriyet * Fatih * İstiklal * Karacami * Karbeyaz * Karşı * Kozludere * Kürtül * Sincan * Yenişehir * Yıldırım Beyazıt {{div col end}}
==Demographics== According to travellers Carl Humann and Otto Puchstein, during the 19th century, the town of Payas was inhabited by Turks and included 50 homes.
Payas, which regained its status as a distinct district in 2012, has a total population of 44,530 [https://www.nufusu.com/ilce/payas_hatay-nufusu] according to the 2025 census data. Historically a strategic stop on pilgrimage and trade routes, the modern demographic structure of the district has been shaped primarily by the industrial boom of the late 20th century.
The population is almost evenly distributed between genders, with a slight male majority driven by the industrial nature of the district. The population consists of 22,553 males (50.65%) and 21,977 females (49.35%). [https://www.nufusu.com/ilce/payas_hatay-nufusu]
==Economy== Payas was an agricultural town in the early years of the Republic of Turkey. In the 1970s Payas became an industrial town with the establishment of the İskenderun Iron and Steel Factory. Today, the iron and steel factory within Payas is Turkey's second big iron-steel factory, and it contributes to Turkey's economy in great scales as well as the organized industry zone, coal enterprises and iron-producing mills. Because of this, 70 hot iron mills were established since 1970. Mills still provide much employment for people. The city receives immigrants due to the variety of employment opportunities also. The organized industrial zone has accrued with growing industrialization, and this zone has built on 100 hectares. Consequently, there are about 1100 workplaces in Payas. Some of them are transportation companies, and 700–800 trucks transport coal and iron to big factories in a day. Livestock and agriculture areas are limited, because of developed industry and trade. And there is a local fishery in Payas; there are about 70 fishermen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://payas.bel.tr/payas.php |title=Mayor's page |language=tr |access-date=2010-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427110156/http://www.payas.bel.tr/payas.php |archive-date=2010-04-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==References== <references/>
==Bibliography== *{{Cite journal |last=Gould |first=Andrew G. |title=Lords or Bandits? The Derebeys of Cilicia |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=485–506 |date=October 1976 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |jstor=162506 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/162506 |access-date=23 October 2025}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Hatay|sortkey=Payas}}
Category:Populated places in Hatay Province Category:Populated coastal places in Turkey Category:Districts of Hatay Province Category:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey