{{short description|City in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine}} {{More citations needed|date=October 2012}} {{Infobox settlement | name = | native_name = {{lang|uk|Павлоград}} | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 272 | image_style = border:1 | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Pavlograd Radyans'ka 64 Zhinocha Gimnaziya 01 (YDS 7755).jpg{{!}}Former girls' gymnasium | image2 = Будинок жіночої гімназії 0618.jpg{{!}}Registry office | image3 = Адміністративний будинок 0610.jpg{{!}}Administration building | image4 = Pavlograd Kharkivs'ka 65 Grafs'kiy Teatr 01 (YDS 7668).jpg{{!}}Theater | image5 = Pavlograd poshta 2.jpg{{!}}Post office | caption1 = Former girls' gymnasium | caption2 = Registry office | caption3 = Administration building | caption4 = Theater | caption5 = Post office}} | image_flag = File:Прапор Павлограда.png | image_shield = Coat of arms of Pavlohrad.png | pushpin_map = Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{Coord|48|31|0|N|35|52|0|E|display=title, inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name1 = Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | subdivision_name2 = Pavlohrad Raion | established_title = Established | established_date = 1779 | established_title3 = City rights | established_date3 = 1784 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Anatoliy Vershina | area_total_km2 = 59.3 | elevation_min_m = | population_total = 110,144 | population_as_of = 2024 | population_footnotes = <ref name="c351">{{cite web | title=the latest Pavlohrad news for today | website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) | date=2024-03-08 | url=https://unn.ua/en/topics/places/pavlohrad | access-date=2026-03-12}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 51400-51429 | area_code = +380-5632 | website = https://pavlogradmrada.dp.gov.ua | elevation_max_m = 71 | timezone = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = | blank_info = | official_name = Pavlohrad | subdivision_type3 = Hromada | subdivision_name3 = Pavlohrad urban hromada | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }}
'''Pavlohrad''' ({{Langx|uk|Павлоград}}, {{IPA|uk|pɐu̯loˈɦrɑd|pron|audio=Uk-Павлоград.ogg}}) is a city in eastern Ukraine, located within Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It serves as the administrative center of Pavlohrad Raion. Its population is approximately {{Ua-pop-est2022|101,430|.}}
The rivers of Vovcha (runs through the city {{Convert|12.85|km}} towards the Samara River), Hnizdka ({{Convert|3.9|km}}), Kocherha ({{Convert|2.9|km}}) flow through Pavlohrad. The area of the city is {{Convert|59.3|km2}}. There are 15 schools (including lyceums and gymnasiums) in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schools List – Dnipropetrovsk Oblast |url=https://dp.isuo.org/authorities/schools-list/id/5761 |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=ISUO (Information System of Educational Institutions of Ukraine) |publisher=ISUO}}</ref>{{not verified in body|date=April 2023}}
== History == Pavlohrad, one of the oldest modern settlements in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast appears in documents from the 17th century. Pavlohrad is located in the territories known as the Wild Fields, which belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th centuries.
At the beginning of the 1770s, Zaporozhian Cossack Matvii Khizhnyak built winter quarters, which soon became known as sloboda '''Matviivka''' ({{Langx|uk|Матвіївка}}). In 1779, Matviivka was renamed to '''Luhanske''', as the latter became headquarters of the Luhanske pikemen regiment headed by M. I. Golinishchev-Kutuzov. With the establishment of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty in 1783, the city became a part of this administrative unit as a district town, and then renamed to '''Pavlohrad'''.{{efn|Some claim that it was renamed in honor of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (later Tsar Paul I, {{reign | 1796 | 1801}}), though the city mayor in 2024 rejected this, claiming instead that the city was named in honor of Saint Paul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Влада Павлограду подала до суду через спроби перейменувати місто |date=September 25, 2024 |url=https://nashemisto.dp.ua/2024/09/25/vlada-pavlohradu-podala-do-sudu-cherez-sproby-pereimenuvaty-misto/ |language=uk}}</ref>}} In 1784, Pavlohrad received city status.
There were 426 homes and 2419 inhabitants in the city at the end of the 18th century. The citizens of Pavlohrad lived in wattle and daub huts. The first stone building was the Holy Ascension Cathedral on Soborna Square. The first coat of arms of the city was affirmed on 29 July 1811, the second one on 26 September 1979. The first citizens were Cossacks of {{Ill|Samara Palanka|lt=Samara|uk|Самарська паланка}} and {{Ill|Kalmius Palanka|lt=Kalmius|uk|Кальміуська паланка}} Palankas and demobilized military. The city plan by Scottish architect W. Geste was affirmed by emperor Nicholas I on 31 July 1831.
thumb|left|Early-20th-century view In 1871, local merchant A.K. Shalin was elected the first head of the city. The central street was named after him (Shalinska Street), later renamed Leninska Street. In 2015, the Ukrainian government approved laws that outlawed communist symbols and street names.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2015-04-28/kievs-purge |title= Decommunizing Ukraine |first= Alexander J. | last= Motyl | author-link= Alexander J. Motyl | journal= Foreign Affairs | date= 28 April 2015 |access-date= 19 May 2015}}</ref> {{As of | 2022}} the street is named Soborna. Merchant of ІІ Guild A.V. Permanin was elected as city governor in 1892. Under his leadership the city started to develop rapidly: several churches, temples, barracks, gymnasiums, factories and plants were built.
In the 1870s, a railway connecting St. Petersburg and Simferopol passed through Pavlohrad. In 1896, the Golenishchev-Kutuzov family built the "Earl's Theatre".{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
During the Ukrainian War of Independence, from 1917 to 1920, it passed between various factions. Afterwards, it was administratively part of the Katerynoslav Governorate of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite map|author=С. Хургін|title=Адміністраційна Мапа Української Соц. Рад. Республіки|year=1922|scale=1:1,680,000|publisher=Народний комісаріат внутрішніх справ|location=Kharkiv|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|author=С. Я. Хургин|title=Карта Украинской Социалистической Советской Республики|year=1921|scale=1:1,680,000|publisher=Народный комиссариат внутренних дел|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|title=Административная карта Украины|year=1923|scale=1:1,050,000|publisher=Народный комиссариат внутренних дел|language=ru}}</ref>
In 1930, an uprising against Soviet rule took place in Pavlohrad.<ref>Shkandrij, Myroslav; Bertelsen, Olga. “The Soviet Regime’s National Operations in Ukraine, 1929—1934.” Canadian Slavonic Paper, vol. 55, no. 3/4, 2013, pp. 423</ref> From 1780 to 1941, a significant Jewish community existed in the city. The pre-Holocaust Jewish population was approximately 4,000.
===World War II=== thumb|left|Holocaust memorial The city was destroyed in 1941 during the German occupation. The German occupying forces operated the Dulag 111 and Dulag 124 transit prisoner-of-war camps<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=72, 77|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> and a Jewish ghetto in Pavlohrad. A large part of the community died during the war and during the mass executions. The Pavlohrad Jewish cemetery contains not only Jewish, but also Christian burials, which the leaders of the local Jewish community agreed to in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title= PAVLOHRAD JEWISH CEMETERY|url= http://admin.lo-tishkach.org/Search/Search/ShowQryCemeteryTownPage.aspx?QryCemeteryAndTown=11983|publisher= Lo Tishrash|access-date= 30 September 2012|archive-date= 14 July 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234155/http://admin.lo-tishkach.org/Search/Search/ShowQryCemeteryTownPage.aspx?QryCemeteryAndTown=11983|url-status= dead}}</ref> On 22 May 2011 it was reported that unknown persons had desecrated the cemetery in the town - tombstones were turned over and broken in an apparently anti-Semitic act.<ref>{{cite web |title= Cemetery desecrated |url= http://antisemitism.org.il/article/65207/cemetery-desecrated |publisher= CFCA |access-date= 30 September 2012 |archive-date= 30 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130730055752/http://antisemitism.org.il/article/65207/cemetery-desecrated |url-status= dead }}</ref>
Following the German retreat in February 1943, the ''Wehrmacht'' recaptured Pavlohrad during a counteroffensive, planning to use the city as a base for a future attacks on the entire southern Red Army.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Harvest of Despair|author= Karel C. Berkhoff|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nd9WzIkTJrAC|access-date=2024-09-05|date=2009-07-01|page=300|isbn=9780674020788}}</ref> This period was marked by the persecution of civilians, including arrests, executions, and forced labour.
===Recent history=== Until 18 July 2020, Pavlohrad was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Pavlohrad Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Pavlohrad was merged into Pavlohrad Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url= http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date= 2020-10-03|date= 2020-07-18|website= Голос України|language= uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url= https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
thumb|Pavlohrad after Russian shelling, 16 February 2023 During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Pavlohrad — an important railway transportation hub — was subjected to Russian attacks. On 22 March, a missile strike destroyed the Pavlohrad-2 train station in the city, killing at least one person.<ref>{{cite news |title= At least 1 killed as Russian missile attack destroys Ukrainian train station, official says |url= https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-22-22#h_d59db12bc9bb387c9ab42c596ef6fc7b |access-date= 22 March 2022 |agency= CNN |date= 22 March 2022 |language= en}}</ref>
On 20 March 2024, the {{ill|Committee on the Organization of State Power, Local Self-government, Regional Development, and Urban Planning|uk|Комітет Верховної Ради України з питань організації державної влади, місцевого самоврядування, регіонального розвитку та містобудування}} in Verkhovna Rada stated their support for renaming the city to Matviiv ({{lang|uk|Матвіїв}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telishevska |first=Sofia |url=https://babel.ua/news/105145-komitet-radi-pidtrimav-pereymenuvannya-p-yati-mist-ta-104-sela-i-selishcha |title=Комітет Ради підтримав перейменування пʼяти великих міст України |date=March 20, 2024 |website=babel.ua |language=uk |access-date=2024-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://komsamovr.rada.gov.ua/news/main_news/84290.html |title=Комітет з питань організації державної влади підтримав перейменування низки населених пунктів, назви яких містять символіку російської імперської політики або не відповідають стандартам державної мови |date=April 4, 2024 |language=uk}}</ref> On 9 October 2024, the proposed name Matviiv did not get enough votes in the Verkhovna Rada.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=uk:Проект Постанови про перейменування міста Павлоград Павлоградського району Дніпропетровської області на місто Матвіїв та Павлоградського району Дніпропетровської області на Матвіївський район |trans-title=Draft resolution on renaming the city of Pavlohrad, Pavlohrad Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the city of Matviiv and the Pavlohrad Raion to the Matviiv Raion |url=https://itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/Card/44954 |website=Official Website of the Parliament of Ukraine}}</ref>
==Industry== The city is home to Pavlohrad Mechanical Plant (PMZ) that was established in December 1963 as a specialized production facility of the Plant no. 586 (now Pivdenmash Production Association). PMZ is a factory dedicated to assembly, perfection and production of solid-fueled rocket engines and missiles. By 1975, PMZ became the largest solid-rocket factory within the Ministry of General Machine Building of USSR. PMZ made fuel tanks for booster rockets and plastic ICBM rocket motor casings; parts, components, and assemblies for aerospace systems manufacturing.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
On 30 April 2023, a Russian attack on Pavlohrad caused a series of large explosions and fires, injuring at least 34 civilians. Ukrainian sources reported that a plant was hit that produced solid fuel for Soviet-era rockets, and had a number of motors awaiting decommissioning.
Russian sources claimed that this attack disrupted the production of ammunition, weapons and military equipment for Ukrainian troops.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |last3= |first3= |date=2023-05-01 |title=Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/01/ukraine-ammunition-depot-reportedly-hit-in-wave-of-russian-missile-attacks |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==Population== According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, the city's population was 119,672. Ukrainians accounted for 72.3% of the population and Russians for 25%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}</ref> Ukrainian was the native language for 59.2% of the population, and Russian for 39.8%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/languages-cities | title=Мовний склад міст }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 |trans-title=All-Ukrainian population census 2001 |url=https://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Національний склад міст |url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Datatowel.in.ua |language=uk}}</ref> {{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Pavlohrad|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|72.26}} {{bar percent|Russians|purple|24.95}} {{bar percent|Belarusians|red|0.67}} {{bar percent|Gypsies|black|0.39}} {{bar percent|Tatars|olive|0.25}} {{bar percent|Azerbaijanis|green|0.16}} {{bar percent|Germans|darkblue|0.15}} {{bar percent|Armenians|brown|0.15}} {{bar percent|Ashkenazi Jews|black|0.12}} {{bar percent|Moldovans|pink|0.10}}}}
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Вул. Центральна (Карла Маркса), 49 0621.jpg|Municipal House of Culture File:Залізничний вокзал 155518.jpg|Pavlohrad railway station File:Свято-Успенський храм 0641.jpg|Dormition Cathedral File:Спасо-Нерукотворного Образу собор DSC 0558.jpg|Vernicle Cathedral File:Pavlograd zerkva-kazarma.jpg|Holubytsky church </gallery>
==Notable people== *Vadym Paramonov, footballer
==Twin towns== {{see also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}} Pavlohrad is twinned with:{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
* {{flagicon|POL}} Lubsko, Poland * {{flagicon|ESP}} San Sebastián, Spain
==See also== * Mariupol
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=479 The murder of the Jews of Pavlohrad] during World War II, at Yad Vashem website. * [https://locator.in.ua/pavlohrad/ Аn English-language city guide to the Pavlohrad] {{Commons category|Pavlohrad}}
{{Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}} {{Cities in Ukraine}} {{Hero Cities of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Pavlohrad Category:Cities in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Category:Pavlogradsky Uyezd Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine Category:Hromadas of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast