{{Short description|Public health director (1963–2021)}} {{Use British English|date=April 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox medical person | honorific_prefix = Sir | name = Paul Cosford | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCB}} | image =Paul Cosford.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above --> | birth_date = 20 May 1963 | birth_place = Thornbury, Gloucestershire, England | death_date = 5 April 2021 (aged 57) | death_place = | education = *Exeter School *St Mary's Hospital Medical School | occupation = *Regional Director of Public Health, East of England (2006–2010) *Executive Director, HPA (2010–2013) *Medical Director and Director for Health Protection PHE (2013–2019) | years_active = 1987–2021 | known_for = UK public health response to: * Ebola outbreak (2014) * Salisbury and Amesbury poisonings (2018) | relations =Gillian Leng (wife) | website = | profession =Physician | field =Public health | work_institutions =*St Mary's Hospital Medical School *Health Protection Agency *Public Health England | specialism = | research_field = | notable_works = | prizes = | child = | module2 = | signature = }} '''Sir Paul Anthony Cosford''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCB}} (20 May 1963 – 5 April 2021) was a British emeritus medical director at Public Health England (PHE), the UK's public health agency, later replaced by the UK Health Security Agency. He had executive roles from 2010 at PHE's predecessor, the Health Protection Agency. From April 2013 to 2019 he was PHE's Medical Director and Director for Health Protection, making him responsible for advising on services to prevent and control infectious diseases and for preparations and responses to public health emergencies. He led the MMR vaccine catch-up campaign in response to the resurgence of measles following the MMR Scare, and contributed to the response to the 2014 Ebola outbreak, the Grenfell disaster in 2017, and the 2018 Novichok poisonings in Salisbury and Amesbury. Over the course of his career in public health he led programmes to reduce hospital-acquired infections and tuberculosis, and oversaw ways of dealing with health inequalities, tobacco, obesity, and responses to pandemic flu.
Earlier in his career Cosford moved to North West London to train in psychiatry and in 1990 was appointed lecturer in psychiatry at St Mary's Hospital Medical School. He worked with people with learning difficulties and severe mental illness, and wrote on eating disorders in the elderly. He then transferred to public health and held posts in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, and later became director of public health with the Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, and Rutland Area Health Authority. In 2006, the year before he co-authored his Cochrane review on screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), he was appointed Regional Director of Public Health for the East of England, which he served until 2010.
In 2017 Cosford was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer, which obliged him to step down from his role as director for PHE in 2019. That year, he was lead author of a paper discussing lung cancer in people who had, like himself, never smoked. He subsequently wrote an essay, in which he called for policies on assisted dying to be reviewed. In 2020, in his emeritus role, he reported frequently on the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to work while self-isolating during the early COVID-19 lockdowns.
For his services to public health, Cosford was appointed CB in 2016 and KCB in 2021.
==Early life and education== thumb|Exeter School, where Cosford was head boy<ref name="Exeter2021"/> Paul Cosford was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire,<ref name=EWCR>England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1916-2007. United Kingdom. Volume 7b, P.1063. via www.ancestry.co.uk {{subscription required}}</ref> on 20 May 1963, one of three children born to teachers Brian and Judith Cosford.<ref name="Tel2021">{{cite news |title=Sir Paul Cosford, public health expert who advised the Government over the Salisbury poisonings – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2021/04/09/sir-paul-cosford-public-health-expert-advised-government-salisbury/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823100547/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2021/04/09/sir-paul-cosford-public-health-expert-advised-government-salisbury/ |archive-date=23 August 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Illman2021">{{cite journal |last1=Illman |first1=John |title=Paul Cosford: public health supremo |journal=British Medical Journal |date=19 April 2021 |volume=373 |pages=n994 |doi=10.1136/bmj.n994 |s2cid=233291765 |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n994 |language=en |issn=1756-1833|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following a move to Exmouth, he entered Exeter School in 1974, and became deputy head boy and captain of tennis there.<ref name="Exeter2021">{{cite web |title=Paul Cosford |url=https://www.exeterschool.org.uk/news/2021-04-13/paul-cosford |website=www.exeterschool.org.uk |publisher=Exeter School |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111180829/https://www.exeterschool.org.uk/news/2021-04-13/paul-cosford |archive-date=11 January 2022 |date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Exeter2017">{{cite journal|date=Autumn 2017|title=Medicine in mind|url=https://issuu.com/exeterschooluk/docs/alumninewsletter2017nov|journal=Alumni Magazine of Exeter School|publisher=Exeter School|issue=8|pages=12–13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121134658/https://issuu.com/exeterschooluk/docs/alumninewsletter2017nov|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> He completed his secondary education in 1981 and gained admission to study medicine at St Mary's Hospital Medical School,{{efn|Later merged with Imperial College School of Medicine.<ref name="Hea2003">{{cite book |last1=Heaman |first1=Elsbeth |title=St Mary's: The History of a London Teaching Hospital |date=2003 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |location=Montreal|isbn=0-85323-968-1 |chapter=14. Science and strategy; the merger with Imperial College|page=400 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6bjRiQzFqkC&dq=merge+imperial&pg=PA400 |language=en}}</ref>}} London, where he also participated in rowing.<ref name="Exeter2021"/> After graduating with at first a bachelor's degree and then a medical degree in 1987, he moved back to Devon.<ref name="Illman2021"/><ref name="Markar2012">{{cite book |last1=Markar |first1=Hameen |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Geraldine |title=Medical Management: A Practical Guide |date=2012 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton |isbn=978-1-4441-4540-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsfneRG5WFsC&dq=%22Paul+Cosford%22&pg=PR7 |page=vii|language=en}}</ref>
==Early career== Initially, Cosford had planned a career in general practice, but following the loss of a child to a genetic disorder, he moved to north west London to take up psychiatry and worked with people with learning difficulties and severe mental illness.<ref name="Illman2021"/><ref name=Exeter2017/> In 1990, he became lecturer in psychiatry at St Mary's.<ref name="Tel2021"/> In 1992, he co-authored a paper titled "Eating disorders in later life: A review", which was published in the ''International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry''.<ref name=SCos1992>{{cite journal |last1=Cosford |first1=Paul |last2=Arnold |first2=Elaine |title=Eating disorders in later life: A review |journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |date=1992 |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=491–498 |doi=10.1002/gps.930070707 |s2cid=144430214 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gps.930070707 |language=en |issn=1099-1166|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It reported that not all anorexics were young,<ref name="Ogden2011"/> that the desire to be thin and happy with one's body did not lessen as women aged, and that eating disorders in older women could appear as a new problem, or recurrence or persistence of an earlier problem.<ref name="Preedy2011">{{cite book |last1=Gadalla |first1=Tahany M. |editor1-last=Preedy |editor1-first=Victor R. |editor2-last=Watson |editor2-first=Ronald Ross |editor3-last=Martin |editor3-first=Colin R. |title=Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-0-387-92270-6 |page=1520 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuAEPOPbW6MC&dq=cosford&pg=PA1520 |language=en |chapter=98. Psychiatric comorbidity in eating disorders}}</ref> It often occurred in association with severe depression or obsessive compulsive disorder,<ref name="Ogden2011">{{cite book |last1=Ogden |first1=Jane |title=The Psychology of Eating: From Healthy to Disordered Behavior |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |location=Chichester |isbn=978-1-4443-5837-7 |edition=Second |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8-F38kTpJgC&q=cosford&pg=PA2 |language=en |chapter=10. Eating disorders}}</ref> and the most common trigger for developing an eating disorder later in life, he noted, was the death of a spouse or a loved-one.<ref name="Mayo2016">{{cite book |last1=Mayo |first1=Kelley Raab |title=Creativity, Spirituality, and Mental Health: Exploring Connections |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon, Oxon |isbn=978-0-7546-6458-1 |page=120 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBwpDAAAQBAJ&dq=cosford&pg=PA120 |language=en |chapter=6. Eating disorders}}</ref> He is noted to have membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.<ref name="Markar2012"/>
==Local and regional public health== thumb|Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Location Cosford began his career in public health in the early 1990s, taking on various management roles in the NHS, public health and social care systems.<ref name="Tel2021"/> His early posts were in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, and later he became director of public health with the Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, and Rutland Area Health Authority.<ref name="Exeter2021"/><ref name="Illman2021"/>
In 2006 Cosford was one of nine of the new Regional Directors of Public Health introduced by Chief Medical Officer Liam Donaldson, following the announcement of the reorganisation of the NHS.<ref name=lgcplus2006>{{cite web |title=New role for directors of public health |url=https://www.lgcplus.com/archive/new-role-for-directors-of-public-health-11-07-2006/ |website=Local Government Chronicle (LGC) |access-date=19 January 2022 |language=en |date=11 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119180703/https://www.lgcplus.com/archive/new-role-for-directors-of-public-health-11-07-2006/|archive-date=19 January 2022}}</ref> Designated to the East of England, he served as Medical Director of the East of England Strategic Health Authority and Regional Director of Public Health for the East of England in the Department of Health until 2010.<ref name="Tel2021"/><ref name=Gov.uk>{{cite news|title=Professor Paul Cosford|work=www.gov.uk|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/paul-cosford|access-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111173230/https://www.gov.uk/government/people/paul-cosford|archive-date=11 January 2022}}</ref> He also established the NHS Sustainable Development Unit to reduce the NHS's carbon footprint,<ref name="Bernstein2010">{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Howard |last2=Cosford |first2=Paul |last3=Williams |first3=Alwen |title=Enabling effective delivery of health and wellbeing. An independent report |date=February 2010 |url=https://www.base-uk.org/sites/default/files/%5Buser-raw%5D/11-06/pc.pdf|page=2}}</ref> and oversaw ways of dealing with health inequalities, tobacco and obesity, responses to pandemic flu, and reducing hospital acquired infections.<ref name=Gov.uk/><ref name=Liv2019>{{cite web |last1=Dessington |first1=Amelia |last2=Free |first2=Admission |last3=now |first3=Book |title=The environment – what sort of world do we want to live in? |url=https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/events/event/?eventid=92734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123140432/https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/events/event/?eventid=92734|archive-date=23 January 2022|website=University of Liverpool Events |date=29 October 2019 |access-date=18 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2007, Cosford coauthored a Cochrane review that established that men, particularly those over the age of 65 years, were more likely than women to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and to prevent it rupturing and causing death, it was necessary to diagnose it early and arrange elective surgical repair of aneurysms larger than 5.5 cm.<ref name="Tillman2013">{{cite journal |last1=Tillman |first1=Ken |last2=Lee |first2=O. Danny |last3=Whitty |first3=Kristin |title=Abdominal aortic aneurysm: an often asymptomatic and fatal men's health issue |journal=American Journal of Men's Health |date=March 2013 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1177/1557988312464195 |pmid=23093077 |s2cid=24359795 |issn=1557-9891}}</ref> He reported that once ruptured, 80% died before reaching a hospital, and only half of those who received emergency surgery survived,<ref name="Taylor2011">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Robert B. |title=Essential Medical Facts Every Clinician Should Know: To Prevent Medical Errors, Pass Board Examinations and Provide Informed Patient Care |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4419-7873-8 |pages=63–64 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voy0_gTDbfQC&dq=cosford&pg=PA63 |language=en |chapter=4. Disease prevention and screening}}</ref> but by repairing them early deaths were reduced.<ref name="Anderson2016">{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Kelley M. |title=The Advanced Practice Nurse Cardiovascular Clinician |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8261-3857-6 |page=299 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rLSCgAAQBAJ&dq=USPSTF+cosford&pg=PA299 |language=en |chapter=16. Abdominal aortic aneurysm}}</ref> The four trials in his review formed the basis of introducing one-time screening for AAA recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.<ref name="Taylor2011"/><ref name="Mussa2015">{{cite journal |last1=Mussa |first1=Firas F. |title=Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm |journal=Journal of Vascular Surgery |date=September 2015 |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=774–778 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2015.05.035 |pmid=26169012 |issn=1097-6809|doi-access=free }}</ref> A systematic review by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in 2014 described Cosford's review as of "high quality" and included it in their report as it was at the time the only review that included women and looked at the incidence of AAAs that burst.<ref name="Frønsdal2014">{{cite report|last1=Frønsdal |first1=Katrine B. |last2=Sæterdal |first2=Ingvil |last3=Harboe |first3=Ingrid |last4=Klemp |first4=Marianne |last5=Fure |first5=Brynjar |title=Effect of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening |date=2014 |pmid=29319996 |url=https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2014/rapport_2014_6_aaa_screening.pdf |publisher=Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)}}</ref>
At the launch of 'Improving Lives, Saving Lives' in 2007, Cosford said that obesity needed to be addressed as a priority and that intervening was necessary as early as when breastfeeding and weaning took place.<ref name="White2008">{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Murray |title=Magic Circles: Self-Esteem for Everyone in Circle Time |date=2008 |publisher=SAGE |location=London |isbn=978-1-4129-3535-7 |page=4 |edition=Second |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvhxC-4cCdUC&dq=cosford&pg=PA4 |language=en |chapter=1. Self-esteem: what exactly is it? How it affects the lives of everyone and its significance for society}}</ref> Over the subsequent years he reported on high levels of obesity in the east of England.<ref name=BBC15Feb2010>{{cite news |title=Child obesity worst in Essex town |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/essex/8515974.stm |access-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218202030/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/essex/8515974.stm|archive-date=18 February 2010|url-status=live |date=15 February 2010}}</ref><ref name=EADT2009>{{cite web |last1=Hore |first1=James |title=Essex weight problems are even worse |url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/essex-weight-problems-are-even-worse-1960070 |website=East Anglian Daily Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120031720/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/essex-weight-problems-are-even-worse-1960070|archive-date=20 January 2022|access-date=19 January 2022 |language=en-UK |date=27 March 2009}}</ref> From 2010 he had executive roles at PHE's predecessor, the Health Protection Agency, and was its acting chief executive from October 2012 to February 2013.<ref name=Gov.uk/>
==Public Health England== thumb|Ebola virus virion Cosford joined PHE in October 2012, and was appointed its Medical Director and Director for Health Protection, serving PHE in this position from April 2013 to 2019.<ref name=Gov.uk/><ref name="HoC2014">{{cite book |title=House of Commons Health Committee: Public Health England. Eighth Report of session 2013-2014 |date=4 February 2014 |publisher=The Stationery Office Limited |location=London |pages=10–14 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmhealth/840/840.pdf |chapter=2. Transition to Public Health England}}</ref>{{efn|The Health Protection Agency became part of PHE in April 2013.<ref name="Powell 2016">{{cite book |last1=Powell |first1=Thomas |title=The structure of the NHS in England |date=10 March 2016 |publisher=House of Commons Library. |page= |url=https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/files/2019-12/parliament-nhs-structure.pdf}}</ref> PHE had been in a transition phase between October 2012 and its official establishment in April 2013.<ref name="HoC2014"/>}} His role at PHE meant that he was responsible for advising on services to prevent and control infectious diseases and for preparations and responses to public health emergencies.<ref name=Turner2015>{{cite web |last=Turner|first=Julian|title=Ebola screening at UK airports - with Public Health England director Paul Cosford |url=https://www.airport-technology.com/features/featureebola-screening-strategy-at-uk-airports-4521298/ |website=Airport Technology |access-date=19 January 2022 |date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123103211/https://www.airport-technology.com/features/featureebola-screening-strategy-at-uk-airports-4521298/|archive-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> Following the first nine months of PHE, he told the Health Committee that it had responded to around 4,500 incidents.<ref name="HoC2014"/> Subsequently, his career spanned the responses to ten new disease organisms, including Zika, Mers, monkeypox, and ebola.<ref name="Times2021"/>
When rates of measles rose in the UK following the publication of the fraudulent research paper on the MMR vaccine and consequent MMR Scare in the late 1990s, Cosford described it as "galling" that the disease should return.<ref name="McKay2013">{{cite news |last1=McKay |first1=Betsy |last2=Whalen |first2=Jeanne |title=Fifteen Years After Autism Panic, a Plague of Measles Erupts |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323300004578555453881252798 |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511195537/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323300004578555453881252798 |archive-date=11 May 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The effect of the misinformation on vaccines resulted in a drop in uptake of the MMR.<ref name="GP2013">{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Neil Roberts |title=Record measles outbreak triggers national jab campaign |url=https://www.gponline.com/record-measles-outbreak-triggers-national-jab-campaign/article/1180019 |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=www.gponline.com |date=25 April 2013 |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 2000, PHE reported 2,000 cases of measles in England and 587 cases were reported in the first three months of 2013.<ref name="GP2013"/> As director for health protection at PHE in 2013, Cosford oversaw the MMR catch-up programme, a plan to identify and vaccinate unvaccinated and partially vaccinated 10 to 16 year olds.<ref name="GP2013"/><ref name=Measles2013>{{cite news|last1=|first1=|date=25 April 2013|title=Measles vaccination campaign begins - video|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/video/2013/apr/25/measles-vaccination-campaign-launched-video|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115072304/https://www.theguardian.com/society/video/2013/apr/25/measles-vaccination-campaign-launched-video|archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=PHE2013>{{cite web|last=PHE|date=25 April 2013|title=National MMR vaccination catch-up programme announced in response to increase in measles cases|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/national-mmr-vaccination-catch-up-programme-announced-in-response-to-increase-in-measles-cases|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115072711/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/national-mmr-vaccination-catch-up-programme-announced-in-response-to-increase-in-measles-cases|archive-date=15 January 2022|access-date=13 January 2022|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref>
According to an interview with Cosford later in 2017, his biggest challenge until that time had been responding to the Ebola outbreak in the UK and Western African Ebola epidemic.<ref name=Exeter2017/><ref name=TSO2016>{{cite book |title=HC 469 - Science in Emergencies: UK Lessons from Ebola |date=25 January 2016 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-09086-7 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxPhCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Paul+Cosford%22&pg=PA32 |language=en}}</ref> Although the detection of large numbers of cases were not expected, entry-screening at airports was introduced both to advise travellers and to give some reassurance for the UK public, explained in his paper "Advantages of airport screening for Ebola".<ref name="Kest2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kesten |first1=Joanna May |last2=Audrey |first2=Suzanne |last3=Holding |first3=Maya |last4=Coope |first4=Caroline |last5=Young |first5=Nick |last6=Brown |first6=Colin S |last7=Harries |first7=Jenny |last8=Hickman |first8=Matthew |last9=Oliver |first9=Isabel |title=Qualitative study of Ebola screening at ports of entry to the UK |journal=BMJ Global Health |date=27 June 2018 |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e000788 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000788 |pmid=29989094 |pmc=6035509 |issn=2059-7908}}</ref> He discussed such screenings with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in 2014, when representing the UK, he was appointed its new member.<ref name=ECDC2014>[https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/en/aboutus/governance/af/AF%20%20Meeting%20Minutes/advisory-forum-fortieth-meeting.pdf "Minutes of the 40th meeting of the Advisory Forum"]. Stockholm. 10 December 2014. ECDC Advisory Forum. p.1.</ref> He advised on the welfare of PHE staff in Sierre Leone and for those returning to England.<ref name="Times2021"/>
In 2014 Cosford contributed to the response to emergencies, including the contaminated intravenous baby feeds on maternity wards.<ref name="Weaver2014">{{cite news |last1=Weaver |first1=Weaver |last2=Boseley |first2=Sarah |title=Liquid food linked to poisoning of babies was sent to 22 hospitals |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jun/05/liquid-food-poisoning-babies-sent-22-hospitals |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=5 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115112508/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jun/05/liquid-food-poisoning-babies-sent-22-hospitals |archive-date=15 January 2022 |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In the same year he announced the introduction of a toolkit to reduce hospital-acquired infections and reduce spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.<ref name=PHEToolkit>{{cite web |title=PHE launches toolkit to manage hospital infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-launches-toolkit-to-manage-hospital-infections-caused-by-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118200604/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-launches-toolkit-to-manage-hospital-infections-caused-by-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria|archive-date=18 January 2022 |website=GOV.UK |date=6 March 2014|access-date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 2015 he introduced the TB strategy.<ref name=TB2015>{{cite book |title=Annual TB update 2015 |date=March 2015 |publisher=Public Health England |page=2 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/415540/Annual_TB_update_2015.pdf}}</ref> That year he encouraged British supermarkets to move daffodils away from fruit and vegetable areas because some people were mistaking them for vegetables.<ref name="Hennessy2015">{{cite news |last1=Hennessy |first1=Mark |title=British shops warned over customers eating daffodils |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/british-shops-warned-over-customers-eating-daffodils-1.2094601 |access-date=16 January 2022 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=7 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116121735/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/british-shops-warned-over-customers-eating-daffodils-1.2094601 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The bulbs could appear to some as onions, and the leaves and stems as a type of vegetable popular in China.<ref name="Hennessy2015"/> 63 cases of poisonings had been reported over the previous six years.<ref name="Hennessy2015"/> He led responses to the Zika virus in 2016,<ref name=chester2018>{{cite web |title=Visionary entrepreneur and advocate for healthy living joins one of the UK's most senior figures in public health to receive an honorary degree |url=https://www1.chester.ac.uk/news/visionary-entrepreneur-and-advocate-healthy-living-joins-one-uks-most-senior-figures-public |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123141528/https://www1.chester.ac.uk/news/visionary-entrepreneur-and-advocate-healthy-living-joins-one-uks-most-senior-figures-public|archive-date=23 January 2022|website=University of Chester |access-date=21 January 2022 |language=en |date=5 November 2018}}</ref> and in 2017 he was involved in the response to the Grenfell disaster, measuring pollution levels from the fire and the clean-up operation.<ref name=Exeter2017/> He also wrote on the needs of refugees.<ref name="Wetzke2018">{{cite journal |last1=Wetzke |first1=Martin |last2=Happle |first2=Christine |last3=Vakilzadeh |first3=Annabelle |last4=Ernst |first4=Diana |last5=Sogkas |first5=Georgios |last6=Schmidt |first6=Reinhold E. |last7=Behrens |first7=Georg M. N. |last8=Dopfer |first8=Christian |last9=Jablonka |first9=Alexandra |title=Healthcare Utilization in a Large Cohort of Asylum Seekers Entering Western Europe in 2015 |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=October 2018 |volume=15 |issue=10 |page=2163 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15102163 |pmid=30275412 |pmc=6210699 |issn=1661-7827|doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2018, he became involved in debates on the roles and responsibilities of the alcohol industry, and whether the scientific community ought to work with them.<ref name="Paixão2019">{{cite journal |last1=Paixão |first1=Maria Margarida |last2=Mialon |first2=Mélissa |title=Help or Hindrance? The Alcohol Industry and Alcohol Control in Portugal |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=November 2019 |volume=16 |issue=22 |page=4554 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16224554 |pmid=31752119 |pmc=6888387 |issn=1661-7827|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ventura-Cots2019">{{cite journal |last1=Ventura-Cots |first1=Meritxell |last2=Ballester-Ferré |first2=Maria Pilar |last3=Ravi |first3=Samhita |last4=Bataller |first4=Ramon |title=Public health policies and alcohol-related liver disease |journal=JHEP Reports |date=8 August 2019 |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=403–413 |doi=10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.07.009 |pmid=32039391 |pmc=7005647 |issn=2589-5559}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PHE, Drinkaware & public policy: reaction and debate continues |url=https://www.alcoholpolicy.net/2018/09/phe-drinkaware-policy-reaction-debate.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123141805/https://www.alcoholpolicy.net/2018/09/phe-drinkaware-policy-reaction-debate.html|archive-date=23 January 2022|website=Alcohol Policy UK |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Weaver2018">{{cite news |last1=Weaver |first1=Matthew |title=Public Health England backs review of alcohol charity's guidance |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/sep/21/public-health-england-review-drinkaware-website-guidance?CMP=share_btn_tw |access-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121171934/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/sep/21/public-health-england-review-drinkaware-website-guidance?CMP=share_btn_tw|archive-date=21 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
A key government adviser of the response to the 2018 Novichok poisonings in Salisbury and Amesbury, Cosford led the co-ordination of local medical workers, and delivered advice to the public,<ref name="Times2021"/> including warning that there was little risk to the public, whilst advising that "as a precaution, we still advise the public not to pick up any strange items such as needles, syringes or unusual containers".<ref name="Burg2018">{{cite magazine |last1=Burgess |first1=Matt |title=The science behind why novichok isn't a huge public health risk |magazine=Wired UK |date=10 July 2018 |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/amesbury-novichok-news-salisbury-poisoning |access-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113071546/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/amesbury-novichok-news-salisbury-poisoning|archive-date=13 January 2022 |issn=1357-0978}}</ref><ref name=PHE2018>{{cite web |title=PHE statement on incident in Amesbury |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-statement-on-incident-in-amesbury |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065704/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-statement-on-incident-in-amesbury|archive-date=15 January 2022|website=GOV.UK |date=4 July 2018|access-date=15 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In the same year he had to deal with a surge in cases of flu,<ref name=BBC8Jan2018>{{cite news |title=What is 'Aussie' flu and should we be worried? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-42602394 |access-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202182117/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-42602394|archive-date=2 December 2020|work=BBC News |date=8 January 2018}}</ref> and also announced that PHE had created a new air pollution tool to calculate the cost of air pollution.<ref name=PollTool2018>{{cite web |title=New tool calculates NHS and social care costs of air pollution |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-tool-calculates-nhs-and-social-care-costs-of-air-pollution |website=GOV.UK |access-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119004726/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-tool-calculates-nhs-and-social-care-costs-of-air-pollution|archive-date=19 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The following year, he urged for the avoidance of cars idling around the school gates.<ref name=BBC11March2019>{{cite news |title=Schools should have 'no idling zones', Public Health England chief says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47520848 |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=BBC News |date=11 March 2019}}</ref>
==Lung cancer== thumb|Chest X-ray showing lung cancer Having been previously physically fit and never smoked, in 2017 Cosford was diagnosed with lung cancer.<ref name="Times2021">{{cite news |title=Sir Paul Cosford obituary |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/sir-paul-cosford-obituary-rdp95bgzg |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=The Times |date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111172349/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sir-paul-cosford-obituary-rdp95bgzg |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Medscape2021">{{cite web |title=Tributes to 'Inspiring' Public Health Expert Professor Sir Paul Cosford |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/948756 |website=Medscape |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111163828/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/948756 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en |date=6 April 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Cosford was an active cyclist, having spent years cycling in London traffic on his Brompton folding bicycle.<ref name="Exeter2021"/><ref name="Wessely2017">{{cite web |last1=Wessely |first1=Simon |last2=Kirby |first2=Roger |title=President's update: February 2018 {{!}} The Royal Society of Medicine |url=https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2018/president-s-update-february-2018/ |website=www.rsm.ac.uk |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111175757/https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2018/president-s-update-february-2018/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en-gb |date=5 February 2017}}</ref> He had previously cycled from London to Berlin, and completed the Paris-Brest-Paris ride within 90 hour, and cycled between Land's End and John O'Groats within a week.<ref name="Illman2021"/><ref name="Gregory2021">{{cite news |last1=Gregory |first1=Andrew |title='My husband had a bad death — he suffered. It shouldn't be like that' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/my-husband-had-a-bad-death-he-suffered-it-shouldnt-be-like-that-5w2dw73b2 |access-date=11 January 2022 |date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111155241/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-husband-had-a-bad-death-he-suffered-it-shouldnt-be-like-that-5w2dw73b2 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en|url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Six months prior to his diagnosis he had been training on 600 km bike routes.<ref name="Exeter2021"/><ref name="Wessely2017"/> Following some shortness of breath on exertion, a chest X-ray confirmed a large collection of fluid in the lung with a collapsed left lung.<ref name="Wessely2017"/> The diagnosis was an inoperable lung cancer accompanied by spread to the liver.<ref name="Wessely2017"/> Although he could not prove it, he suspected that air pollution in London contributed to his diagnosis and stated that "of all the risk factors, air pollution seems to me the most likely cause of my own disease."<ref name="Smyth">{{cite news |last1=Smyth |first1=Chris |title='Pumping out dirty fumes is worse than smoking around children' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/pumping-out-dirty-fumes-is-worse-than-smoking-around-children-fs958tmw3 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=The Times |date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115080534/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/pumping-out-dirty-fumes-is-worse-than-smoking-around-children-fs958tmw3 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |location=London |language=en|url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Matthews2019">{{cite news|last1=Matthews-King|first1=Alex|date=26 April 2019|title=Pollution contributing to 'thousands of lung cancer deaths in non-smokers'|language=en|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/lung-cancer-non-smoker-air-pollution-cigarettes-public-health-england-a8886681.html|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234502/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/lung-cancer-non-smoker-air-pollution-cigarettes-public-health-england-a8886681.html|archive-date=7 November 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 2018, he delivered his first public speech on his diagnosis at the Royal Society of Medicine, in London.<ref name="Wessely2017"/>
In 2019, his diagnosis obliged him to step down from his role as director for health protection and medical director of PHE.<ref name="Tel2021"/> That year, he was lead author of an article in the ''Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine'' discussing lung cancer in people who have never smoked.<ref name="HansDec2020">{{cite web |title=House of Commons Official Report: Covid-19: Lung Cancer Pathway |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2020-12-02/debates/774EBE14-10AC-402D-AD8A-41A51AD1ABA1/Covid-19LungCancerPathway |website=hansard.parliament.uk |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116102246/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2020-12-02/debates/774EBE14-10AC-402D-AD8A-41A51AD1ABA1/Covid-19LungCancerPathway |archive-date=16 January 2022 |location=London |pages=187–194 |date=2 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="RSMApril2019">{{cite web |title=Lung cancer under-recognised in people who have never smoked {{!}} The Royal Society of Medicine |url=https://www.rsm.ac.uk/media-releases/2019/lung-cancer-under-recognised-in-people-who-have-never-smoked/ |website=www.rsm.ac.uk |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116171819/https://www.rsm.ac.uk/media-releases/2019/lung-cancer-under-recognised-in-people-who-have-never-smoked/ |archive-date=16 January 2022 |language=en-gb}}</ref> The paper presented findings that lung cancer was associated with a stigma, and that the number of people with lung cancer who have never smoked was increasing, with outdoor pollution as a significant contributory factor, in addition to passive smoke and occupational carcinogen exposure.<ref name="HansDec2020"/><ref name="Campbell 2019">{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Denis |title=One in six people dying of lung cancer in UK are non-smokers, experts say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/apr/26/one-in-six-people-dying-of-lung-cancer-in-uk-are-non-smokers-experts-say |access-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123142935/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/apr/26/one-in-six-people-dying-of-lung-cancer-in-uk-are-non-smokers-experts-say|archive-date=23 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=25 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|Despite the general decline in lung cancer rates, the rate of lung cancer in non-smokers has been noted to be increasing.<ref name="Dubin2020">{{cite journal |last1=Dubin |first1=Sarah |last2=Griffin |first2=Daniel |title=Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers |journal=Missouri Medicine |date=2020 |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=375–379 |pmid=32848276 |pmc=7431055 |issn=0026-6620}}</ref>}} Although passive smoking was contributory, it reported, it was not the main reason for the rise in cases.<ref name="HansDec2020"/>
During this time his diagnosis had changed his view on assisted dying, leading him to publish on the topic in ''The BMJ''. In the article he called for policies on assisted dying to be reviewed, writing "My biggest fear around dying is lack of control. The lack of ability to advance the end a little, to take control of my final days."<ref name="Tel2021"/><ref name="Illman2021"/>
==COVID-19 pandemic== In his emeritus role Cosford appeared frequently on national media to report regularly during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="Tel2021"/><ref name=BBC26Feb2020>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Hundreds of flu patients to be tested by UK hospitals and GPs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-51641243 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123144312/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51641243|archive-date=23 January 2022|work=BBC News |date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Nazia 2020">{{cite news |last1=Nazia |first1=Parveen |last2=Devlin |first2=Hannah |last3=Brooks |first3=Libby |last4=Campbell |first4=Denis |title=UK seeks 2,000 air passengers from Wuhan amid coronavirus fears |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/24/uk-coronavirus-checks-clear-14-people-china |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116161022/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/24/uk-coronavirus-checks-clear-14-people-china |archive-date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> At the beginning of March 2020, during the early rises in COVID-19 cases in the UK, he reported that the numbers were much higher than appeared.<ref name="Gilroy2020">{{cite journal|last1=Gilroy|first1=Rebecca|date=2 March 2020|title=PHE director warns widespread UK coronavirus cases 'highly likely'|url=https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/public-health/phe-director-warns-widespread-uk-coronavirus-cases-highly-likely-02-03-2020/|journal=Nursing Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115075330/https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/public-health/phe-director-warns-widespread-uk-coronavirus-cases-highly-likely-02-03-2020/|archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Throughout the early lockdowns, he continued to work whilst having to self-isolate.<ref name="Illman2021"/>
==Awards and honours== Cosford was a fellow of the Faculty of Public Health,<ref name="Illman2021"/> and held an honorary senior fellowship at the University of Cambridge.<ref name=Gillam2011>{{Cite book|last=Gillam|first=Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLUmEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22paul+cosford%22&pg=PT8|title=Leadership and Management for Doctors in Training: A Practical Guide|date=2011|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-53332-7|language=en}}</ref> In 2018 he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Public Health (DrPH).<ref name=Chester18March2019>{{cite web |title=Honorary Graduates 2018 |url=https://www1.chester.ac.uk/development-and-alumni-relations-office/your-alumni-community/meet-our-alumni/honorary-graduates-1 |website=University of Chester |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123144550/https://www1.chester.ac.uk/development-and-alumni-relations-office/your-alumni-community/meet-our-alumni/honorary-graduates-1|archive-date=23 January 2022|language=en |date=18 March 2019}}</ref> He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 2016 for his role in the response to the ebola outbreak in West Africa,<ref name=NY2021>{{cite web |title=New Year Honours 2021: High Awards |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/new-year-honours-list-2021-high-awards/new-year-honours-2021-high-awards |website=GOV.UK |access-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203191450/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/new-year-honours-list-2021-high-awards/new-year-honours-2021-high-awards|archive-date=3 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gov.2016">{{cite news|date=31 December 2015|title=New Years Honours List- United Kingdom 2016|work=www.gov.uk|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489050/NewYearHonoursList2016.csv/preview|access-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109093655/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489050/NewYearHonoursList2016.csv/preview|archive-date=9 November 2021}}</ref> and Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 2021 for his services to public health.<ref name="Gaz2020">{{cite news |title=New Years Honours List- United Kingdom 2021|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63218/supplement/N3 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=www.thegazette.co.uk |issue=63218 |publisher=The London Gazette |date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210190903/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63218/supplement/N3 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="Clarke2021">{{cite news |last1=Clarke |first1=Lewis |title=Exeter School alumnus awarded knighthood in New Year's honours list |url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/exeter-school-alumnus-awarded-knighthood-in-new-years-honours-list/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=InYourArea.co.uk |date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120111315/https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/exeter-school-alumnus-awarded-knighthood-in-new-years-honours-list/ |archive-date=20 January 2021}}</ref>
==Death== Cosford died on 5 April 2021,<ref name="Times2021"/><ref name="Medscape2021"/> at the age of 57.<ref name="Tel2021"/> He is survived by his wife Gillian Leng,<ref name="Gregory2021"/> a son and a daughter from his first marriage, and two stepdaughters.<ref name="Illman2021"/> Following his death, tributes were received from the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,<ref>{{cite web |title=BSAC pays tribute to 'antimicrobial resistance agenda champion' Sir Paul Cosford |url=https://bsac.org.uk/bsac-pays-tribute-to-antimicrobial-resistance-agenda-champion-sir-paul-cosford/ |website=The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |access-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121172753/https://bsac.org.uk/bsac-pays-tribute-to-antimicrobial-resistance-agenda-champion-sir-paul-cosford/ |archive-date=21 January 2022 |language=en |date=7 April 2021}}</ref> Roger Kirby on behalf of the Royal Society of Medicine,<ref name="Kirby2021">{{cite web |last1=Kirby |first1=Roger |title=Tribute to Professor Sir Paul Cosford {{!}} The Royal Society of Medicine |url=https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2021/tribute-to-professor-sir-paul-cosford/ |website=www.rsm.ac.uk |date=6 April 2021 |access-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223013613/https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2021/tribute-to-professor-sir-paul-cosford/ |archive-date=23 December 2021 |language=en-gb}}</ref> Matt Hancock, Stephen Powis, Jeremy Hunt, Patrick Vallance and Chris Whitty.<ref name="Medscape2021"/>
==Selected publications== *{{cite journal|title=Eating disorders in later life: A review |journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |date=1992 |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=491–498 |doi=10.1002/gps.930070707 |s2cid=144430214 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gps.930070707 |language=en |issn=1099-1166|last1=Cosford |first1=Paul |last2=Arnold |first2=Elaine |url-access=subscription }} *{{cite journal |last1=Cosford |first1=Paul A. |last2=O'Mahony |first2=Mary |last3=Angell |first3=Emma |last4=Bickler |first4=Graham |last5=Crawshaw |first5=Shirley |last6=Glencross |first6=Janet |last7=Horsley |first7=Stephen S. |last8=McCloskey |first8=Brian |last9=Puleston |first9=Richard |last10=Seare |first10=Nichola |last11=Tobin |first11=Martin D. |title=Public health professionals' perceptions toward provision of health protection in England: a survey of expectations of Primary Care Trusts and Health Protection Units in the delivery of health protection |journal=BMC Public Health |date=7 December 2006 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=297 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-6-297 |pmid=17156421 |pmc=1712342 |language=en |issn=1471-2458 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |title=Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=18 April 2007 |issue=2 |article-number=CD002945 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002945.pub2 |pmid=17443519 |issn=1469-493X|last1=Cosford |first1=Paul A. |last2=Leng |first2=Gillian C. |last3=Thomas |first3=Justyn }} *{{cite journal |title=Advantages of airport screening for Ebola |journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |date=4 November 2014 |volume=349 |article-number=g6585 |doi=10.1136/bmj.g6585 |pmid=25371224 |s2cid=21797160 |issn=1756-1833|last1=Cosford |first1=P. }} *{{cite journal |title=Partnerships with the alcohol industry: opportunities and risks |journal=The Lancet |date=20 October 2018 |volume=392 |issue=10156 |pages=1401–1402 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32333-X |pmid=30244819 |s2cid=52340913 |language=English |issn=0140-6736|last1=Newton |first1=John N. |last2=Cosford |first2=Paul |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |title=Local action on outdoor air pollution to improve public health |journal=International Journal of Public Health |date=June 2018 |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=557–565 |doi=10.1007/s00038-018-1104-8 |pmid=29679104 |s2cid=4984147 |issn=1661-8564|last1=Vardoulakis |first1=Sotiris |last2=Kettle |first2=Rachel |last3=Cosford |first3=Paul |last4=Lincoln |first4=Paul |last5=Holgate |first5=Stephen |last6=Grigg |first6=Jonathan |last7=Kelly |first7=Frank |last8=Pencheon |first8=David }} *{{cite journal |title=The bench: reflections on an incurable diagnosis and control at the end of life—an essay by Paul Cosford |journal=BMJ |date=30 September 2020 |volume=371 |article-number=m3716 |doi=10.1136/bmj.m3716 |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3716 |language=en |issn=1756-1833|last1=Cosford |first1=Paul |pmid=32998866 |s2cid=222069101 |url-access=subscription }} *{{cite journal |title=Lung cancer in never-smokers: a hidden disease |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |date=25 April 2019 |volume=112 |issue=7 |pages=269–271 |doi=10.1177/0141076819843654 |pmid=31022354 |pmc=6613278 |issn=0141-0768|last1=Bhopal |first1=Anand |last2=Peake |first2=Michael D. |last3=Gilligan |first3=David |last4=Cosford |first4=Paul }}
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *{{cite web |title=De-stigmatising dementia, life with terminal cancer, and new models of care – APM conference day 1 - ehospice |url=https://ehospice.com/uk_posts/de-stigmatising-dementia-life-with-terminal-cancer-and-new-models-of-care-apm-conference-day-1/ |website=ehospice.com |date=28 May 2020 |access-date=13 January 2022}} *{{cite web |title=Air quality: a briefing for directors of public health {{!}} Local Government Association |url=https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/6.3091_DEFRA_AirQualityGuide_9web_0.pdf |website=www.local.gov.uk |access-date=19 January 2022 |language=en}} *{{cite web |title=And Life Goes On |url=https://www.hippocraticpost.com/cancer/and-life-goes-on/ |website=The Hippocratic Post |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116094602/https://www.hippocraticpost.com/cancer/and-life-goes-on/ |archive-date=16 January 2022 |date=18 November 2019}}
== External links == *{{cite web |title=Blog UK Health Security Agency: Paul Cosford |url=https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/author/paul-cosford/ |website=Public Health Matters blog |publisher=GOV.UK |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115071346/https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/author/paul-cosford/ |archive-date=15 January 2022}} *{{cite web |last1=Cosford |first1=Paul |title=The future of infectious diseases. |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_cosford_the_future_of_infectious_diseases |website=ted.com |date=May 2019 |access-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101212302/https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_cosford_the_future_of_infectious_diseases |archive-date=1 January 2021}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosford, Paul}} Category:1963 births Category:2021 deaths Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath Category:Public Health England Category:20th-century British medical doctors Category:21st-century British medical doctors Category:Deaths from lung cancer in the United Kingdom Category:Administrators in the National Health Service Category:Alumni of St Mary's Hospital Medical School Category:People from Thornbury, Gloucestershire Category:People educated at Exeter School Category:Fellows of the Faculty of Public Health Category:Vaccination advocates