{{Short description|Armenian linguist (1833–1889)}} {{Expand Russian|topic=bio|date=July 2022}} [[File:Patkanov KP.jpg|thumb]] '''Kerovbe Patkanian''' or '''Kerope Petrovich Patkanov''' ({{langx|hy|Քերովբէ Պատկանեան}},{{efn|[[Armenian orthography reform|Reformed orthography]]: {{lang|hy|Քերովբե Պատկանյան}}}} {{langx|ru|Керопэ́ Петро́вич Патка́нов}};{{efn|{{lang|ru-petr1708|Керопэ Петровичъ Паткановъ}} in [[Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution reform|pre-reform Russian orthography]]}} {{OldStyleDate|16 May|1833|4 May}} – {{OldStyleDate|14 April|1889|2 April}}) was a Russian [[Armenians|Armenian]] philologist, linguist, orientalist, and historian who served as Professor of Armenian Studies at the [[Saint Petersburg State University|Saint Petersburg Imperial University]].<ref name="Sanjian">{{cite news|first=Ara|last=Sanjian|title=Armenian Medieval Historians in Print|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/AW_Sept_ArmenianPrinting.pdf|accessdate=6 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Armenian Weekly]]|date=1 September 2012|page=16}}</ref> He was born in [[Nakhichevan-on-Don]] (today part of [[Rostov-on-Don]]) into a noted family of scholars and educators. He published a number of works of medieval Armenian literature, some for the first time.
== Biography == Kerovbe Patkanian was born in [[Nakhichevan-on-Don]] (today part of [[Rostov-on-Don]]) on {{OldStyleDate|16 May|1833|4 May}} into a noted Armenian family of scholars and educators. His father, Petros Patkanian, was a priest, and his mother was the daughter of the educator and author [[Harutyun Alamdaryan|Harutyun Alamdarian]]. He was the first cousin of writer [[Raphael Patkanian]].<ref name=":0" /> He received his initial education at the Armenian school of [[Stavropol]]. In 1849, he graduated from the [[Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages]] in Moscow, where he was taught by the renowned Armenologist [[Mkrtich Emin|Mkrtich (Nikita) Emin]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Saghian |first1=M. |title=Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran |title-link=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia |last2=Katvalian |first2=M. |publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing House|Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun]] |year=1983 |editor-last=Arzumanian |editor-first=Makich |volume=9 |location=Erevan |pages=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_9.djvu/152 152]-153 |language=hy |script-title=hy:Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան |trans-title=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia |chapter=Patkanian (Patkanov) Kʻerovbe Petrosi}}</ref> He then graduated from the University of Dorpat and the Main Pedagogical Institute in Saint Petersburg in 1857.<ref name=":2" /> In December of that year, he became senior teacher at the Transcaucasian Institute for Girls (''Zakavkazsky devichy institut'') and soon married A. A. Akimova. Now provided for financially, he was able to focus on scholarship.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marr |first=N. Ia. |author-link=Nikolai Marr |url=http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/8722-sankt-peterburgskiy-gosudarstvennyy-universitet-biograficheskiy-slovar-professorov-i-prepodavateley-s-peterburgskogo-universiteta-za-istekshuyu-tretyu-chetvert-veka-ego-suschestvovaniya-1869-1894-v-2-h-t-t-2-m-ya-spb-1898 |title=Biograficheskīĭ slovarʹ professorov i prepodavateleĭ S.-Peterburgskago universiteta za istekshuiu tretʹiu chetvertʹ vieka ego sushchestvovanīia: 1869-1894 |publisher=Tip. B. M. Vol'fa |year=1898 |volume=2 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=[http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/8722-sankt-peterburgskiy-gosudarstvennyy-universitet-biograficheskiy-slovar-professorov-i-prepodavateley-s-peterburgskogo-universiteta-za-istekshuyu-tretyu-chetvert-veka-ego-suschestvovaniya-1869-1894-v-2-h-t-t-2-m-ya-spb-1898#mode/inspect/page/99/zoom/4 89]-97 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Біографическій словарь профессоровъ и преподавателей Императорскаго С.-Петербургскаго университета за истекшую третью четверть вѣка его существованія: 1869-1894 |trans-title=''Biographical dictionary of professors and lectures of the Imperial University of Saint Petersburg for the last third of a century of its existence: 1869–1894'' |chapter=Patkanov, Keropė (Kheruvim) Petrovich |script-chapter=ru:Паткановъ, Керопэ (Херувим) Петровичъ}}</ref> In 1861, he joined the staff of the Department of Armenian Literature of the [[Saint Petersburg State University|Saint Petersburg Imperial University]], first as an (adjunct) professor and as a full professor after 1872.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Patkanovy |url=https://old.bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/2323783 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123204944/https://old.bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/2323783 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=[[Great Russian Encyclopedia]]|language=ru}}</ref> He headed the Department of Eastern Languages from 1861. He is credited with establishing Armenian philology as a subject of comprehensive study at the university; the "Petersburg school" of Armenian studies associated with Patkanian eventually included well-known scholars such as [[Nikolai Marr]], [[Nicholas Adontz]], [[Joseph Orbeli]] and others.<ref name=":1" /> In 1863, he successfully defended his master's thesis titled ''Opyt istorii dinastii Sasanidov po svedeniyam, soobshchayemym armyanskimi pisatelyami'' (An attempt at a history of the Sasanian dynasty according to the information reported by Armenian authors). In 1864, he obtained a doctoral degree for his work ''Issledovaniye o sostave armyanksogo yazyka'' (A study of the structure of the Armenian language).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tigranov |first=Gr. |title=Russkīi bīograficheskīi slovarʹ|script-title=ru:Русскій бiографическій словарь|trans-title=Russian Biographical Dictionary |title-link=Russian Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova |year=1902 |editor-last=Polovtsov |editor-first=A. A. |volume=13 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=369–371 |language=ru |chapter=Patkanov, Keropė Petrovich |chapter-url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%A1/%D0%92%D0%A2/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8D_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87}}</ref> From 1872, he also served as the chief censor of Armenian publications of the Saint Petersburg Censorship Committee, in which capacity he is credited with playing a positive role in the development of Armenian publishing.<ref name=":1" />
Patkanian studied Armenian manuscripts in the libraries of Etchmiadzin, Tiflis, Venice, Munich, Berlin, Paris and Vienna. He published a number of works of medieval Armenian literature, including for the first time the works of [[Gregory of Akner]] (1870) and Mkhitar of Ani (1879). He also published new editions of the works of [[Mekhitar of Ayrivank]] (1867), [[Sebeos]] (1879), [[Faustus of Byzantium|Faustus]] (1883), and [[Tovma Artsruni]] (1887), which were of a higher quality than previous publications.<ref name="Sanjian" /> He translated into Russian the works of [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]] (1861), Sebeos (1862), [[Łewond|Ghevond]] (1862), Mekhitar of Ayrivank (1869), Petros di Sargis Gilanents (1870), Maghakia Abegha (1871), Tovma Artsruni (1887), and the Armenian geography ''[[Ashkharhatsuyts]]'' (1877, with the original Armenian text). He also compiled and translated information about the Mongols from Armenian histories (2 vols., 1873–74). According to Meri Saghian and Maxim Katvalian, Patkanian's translations "are characterized by closeness to the original text, a high level of scientific rigor, [and] they are accompanied by additional information, comments and annotations." He also wrote bibliographies and studies of medieval Armenian authors and their works. In his ''Opyt istorii dinastii Sasanidov'' and the work ''O mnimom pokhode Taklat-Palasara k beregam Inda'' (On the supposed campaign of Tiglath-Pileser to the shores of the Indus, 1879), Patkanian addressed a number of key questions in the ancient and medieval history of the Middle East. Patkanian also studied the [[Urartian language|Urartian]] cuneiform inscriptions discovered in Armenia and wrote a number of works about them.<ref name=":1" />
In his doctoral dissertation ''Issledovaniye o sostave armyanksogo yazyka'', Patkanian studies the origin, development and other characteristics of the Armenian language using the methods of historical and comparative linguistics. Patkanian considered [[Classical Armenian]] to be the ancient spoken language of the [[Ayrarat]] province of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]], serving as the official or common language of the Armenian people during the existence of the ancient Armenian kingdom and as the Armenian literary language from the fifth to the nineteenth century. He contributed to the study of Armenian dialects in his work ''Issledovaniye o dialektakh armyanskogo yazyka'' (Study on the dialects of the Armenian Language, 1869), for which Armenologist H. Dashian called him "the father of Armenian dialectology." These works include stories, fairy tales, and oral traditions in the dialects of Mush, Khoy, Agulis, Julfa, and [[Karabakh dialect|Karabakh]]. Patkanian considered the Armenian dialects to be the descendants of the ancient tribal languages of Armenia. In his view, Classical Armenian did not experience new development down to the nineteenth century and maintained its original grammatical structure, and it was not the living, spoken language of the Armenian people from the fifth to the nineteenth century. In his work ''O meste, zanimayemom armyanskim yazykom v krugu indoyevropeyskikh'' (The place occupied by the Armenian language among the Indo-European languages, 1879), Patkanian concluded that Armenian is a unique representative of an unknown branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]] located between the Iranian and Slavic languages. He collected materials for an Armenian explanatory dictionary and a dictionary of Armenian personal names (''Materialy dlya armyanskogo slovari'', parts 1–2, 1882–84), but this work remained unfinished. In a number of articles, he argued against what he viewed as unnecessary [[Linguistic purism|purism]] in the Armenian language. Patkanian died in Saint Petersburg on {{OldStyleDate|14 April|1889|2 April}}.<ref name=":1" />
== Selected works == A bibliography of Patkanian's works can be found in {{Harvnb|Marr|1898|pages=94-97}}. * (1860) {{Cite journal|title=Catalogue de la littérature arménienne, depuis le commencement du IV siècle jusque vers le milieu du XVII siècle|trans-title=Catalog of Armenian literature, from the beginning of the 4th century to the middle of the 17th century|volume=2|journal=Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg|pages=49–91|language=fr|ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1860|first=M.|last=Patcanian|title=Catalogue de la littérature arménienne, depuis le commencement du IV siècle jusque vers le milieu du XVII siècle|trans-title=Catalog of Armenian literature, from the beginning of the 4th century to the middle of the 17th century|volume=2|journal=Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg|pages=49–91|url=https://archive.org/details/CatalogueDeLaLitteratureArmenienneDepuisLeCommencementDuIvSiecle|language=fr}}</ref> * (1861) {{Cite book |title=Istorīia Agvan Moĭseia Kagankatvatsi, pisatelia X vieka |publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Исторія Агванъ Мойсея Каганкатваци, писателя X вѣка |trans-title= |ref=none}} The first Russian translation of the Classical Armenian history of [[Caucasian Albania]] attributed to [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeZAAQAAMAAJ |title=Istorīia Agvan Moĭseia Kagankatvatsi, pisatelia X vieka |publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Исторія Агванъ Мойсея Каганкатваци, писателя X вѣка |year=1861}}</ref> * (1861–1863) "Armenia," "Arsacids" and a number of other articles on Armenian geography, history and literature in the Russian encyclopedia {{Cite book |title=Ėntsikopedicheskīĭ slovar', sostavlennyĭ russkimi uchënymi i literatorami |script-title=ru:Энциклопедическій словарь, составленный русскими учёными и литераторами |trans-title=''Encyclopedic dictionary composed by Russian scholars and litterateurs'' |ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Veselovsky |first=Yu. |title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary |title-link=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary |volume=23 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=9–10 |language=ru |chapter=Patkanov, Keropė Petrovich |chapter-url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8D_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87}}</ref> * (1863) {{Cite book |title=Opyt istorīi dinastīi Sasanidov po sviedienіiam, soobshchaemym armianskimi pisateliami|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |year= |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Опытъ исторіи династіи Сасанидовъ по свѣдѣніямъ, сообщаемымъ армянскими писателами|trans-title=''An attempt at a history of the Sasanian dynasty according to the information reported by Armenian authors'' |ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book |year=1863|title=Opyt istorīi dinastīi Sasanidov po sviedienіiam, soobshchaemym armianskimi pisateliami|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |location=Saint Petersburg |last=Patkanian|first=K.|script-title=ru:Опытъ исторіи династіи Сасанидовъ по свѣдѣніямъ, сообщаемымъ армянскими писателами|trans-title=''An attempt at a history of the Sasanian dynasty according to the information reported by Armenian authors'' }}</ref> * (1869) {{Cite book |title=Izsliedovanīe o dīalektakh armianskago iazyka: Filologicheskīĭ opyt |year= |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Изслѣдованіе о діалектахъ армянскаго языка. Филологическій опытъ |publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |trans-title=''Study of the dialects of the Armenian language: a philological attempt'' |ref=none }}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Izsliedovanīe o dīalektakh armianskago iazyka: Filologicheskīĭ opyt |year=1869 |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Изслѣдованіе о діалектахъ армянскаго языка. Филологическій опытъ |publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk |trans-title=''Study of the dialects of the Armenian language: a philological attempt'' |url=https://armeniansite.ru/books/Patkanov_K_P_Issledovanie_o_dialektah_armyanskogo_yazyka_1869.pdf|last=Patkanov|first=K.}}</ref> * (1877) {{Cite book |title=Armianskaia geografīia VII vieka po R. Kh. (pripisyvavshaiasia Moiseiu Khorenskomu) |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Армянская географія VII вѣка по Р. Х. (приписывавшаяся Моисею Хоренскому)|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|trans-title=''Armenian geography of the 7th century AD (attributed to Movses Khorenatsi)''|ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book |year=1877|title=Armianskaia geografīia VII vieka po R. Kh. (pripisyvavshaiasia Moiseiu Khorenskomu) |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Армянская географія VII вѣка по Р. Х. (приписывавшаяся Моисею Хоренскому)|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|trans-title=''Armenian geography of the 7th century AD (attributed to Movses Khorenatsi)''|url=https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_003607747/|others=Text and translation with additional maps and explanatory notes by K. P. Patkanov}}</ref> Publication of the original Armenian text and Russian translation of the work of geography ''[[Ashkharhatsuyts]]'' (formerly attributed to [[Movses Khorenatsi]]). Patkanian was the first to suggest [[Anania Shirakatsi]] as the likely author of this work.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Hewsen |first=Robert H. |author-link=Robert H. Hewsen |title=The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhac῾oyc῾): The Long and the Short Recensions |publisher=Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag |year=1992 |isbn=3-88226-485-3 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=8}}</ref> * (1879) {{Cite book |title=O mnimom pokhodie Taklat-Palasara k beregam Inda|year= |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:О мнимомъ походѣ Таклатъ-Паласара къ берегамъ Инда|publisher=Tipografīia brat. Panteleevykh|trans-title=''On the supposed campaign of Tiglath-Pileser to the shores of the Indus''|ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=O mnimom pokhodie Taklat-Palasara k beregam Inda|year=1879|last=Patkanov|first=K. P. |location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:О мнимомъ походѣ Таклатъ-Паласара къ берегамъ Инда|publisher=Tipografīia brat. Panteleevykh|trans-title=''On the supposed campaign of Tiglath-Pileser to the shores of the Indus''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SUMxkgAACAAJ}}</ref> * (1880) {{Cite book |title=Bibliograficheskīĭ ocherk armianskoĭ istoricheskoĭ literatury|location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Библиографическій очеркъ армянской исторической литературы|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|trans-title=''Bibliographical outline of Armenian historical literature''|ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bibliograficheskīĭ ocherk armianskoĭ istoricheskoĭ literatury|location=Saint Petersburg |script-title=ru:Библиографическій очеркъ армянской исторической литературы|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|trans-title=''Bibliographical outline of Armenian historical literature''|url=https://armeniansite.ru/books/Bibliograficheskii%20ocherk%20armyanskoi%20istiricheskoi%20literatury%20_Patkanov_K.pdf|first=K. P.|last=Patkanov|year=1880}}</ref> * (1887) {{Cite book|title=Tsygany: Nieskolʹko slov o nariechiiakh zakavkazskikh tsygan: bosha i karachi|script-title=ru:Цыганы: Нѣсколько словъ о нарѣчіяхъ закавказскихъ цыганъ: боша и карачи|trans-title=''Gypsies: a few words about the dialects of the Transcaucasian Gypsies: Bosha and Karachi''|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|location=Saint Petersburg|ref=none}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tsygany: Nieskolʹko slov o nariechiiakh zakavkazskikh tsygan: bosha i karachi|script-title=ru:Цыганы: Нѣсколько словъ о нарѣчіяхъ закавказскихъ цыганъ: боша и карачи|trans-title=''Gypsies: a few words about the dialects of the Transcaucasian Gypsies: Bosha and Karachi''|publisher=Tipografīia Imperatorskoĭ Akademīi nauk|location=Saint Petersburg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gQVAAAAYAAJ|first=K. P.|last=Patkanov|year=1887}}</ref>
==Note== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Akopian |first=E. A. |title=Keropė Patkanian: zhiznʹ i tvorchestvo |publisher=Izdatelʹstvo AN Armianskoĭ SSR |year=1975 |location=Erevan |language=ru |script-title=ru:Керопэ Патканян: жизнь и творчество |trans-title=''Kerope Patkanian: life and work'' |oclc=22358994}} * {{cite book|last=Emin|first=N. O.|title=Professor Patkanov kak orīentalist|script-title=ru:Профессоръ Паткановъ какъ орiенталистъ|trans-title=''Professor Patkanov as an orientalist''|location=Vienna|publisher=Imprimerie de Charles Gerold Fils.|year=1874|ref=none|language=ru}} * Obituary in ''[[Istorichesky Vestnik]]'', vol. XXXVI, 1889, p. [https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book483375/#page/847/mode/1up 748] (in Russian).
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Patkanian, Kerovbe}} [[Category:1833 births]] [[Category:1889 deaths]] [[Category:Linguists from the Russian Empire]] [[Category:Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University]]