{{short description|Apostolic constitution of John Paul II}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} {{title language|la-VA}} {{John Paul II series}} {{Roman Curia}}
{{langnf|la-VA|'''Pastor bonus'''|The Good Shepherd}} is an [[apostolic constitution]] [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 28 June 1988. It instituted a number of reforms in the process of running the central government of the [[Catholic Church]].
The document's article 1 defines the [[Roman Curia]] as [[dicastery|dicasteries]] and institutes supporting the [[Pope|Roman Pontiff]] "in the exercise of his supreme pastoral office" on behalf of the whole Church, including both the [[Latin Church|Latin]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]].
It was abrogated and replaced by ''[[Praedicate evangelium]]'' (released on 19 March 2022 under [[Pope Francis]]) when it [[Coming into force|became effective]] on 5 June 2022.
==Background== {{lang|la-VA|Pastor bonus}} laid out in considerable detail the organization of the Roman Curia, specifying precisely the names and composition of each dicastery, and enumerating which competencies, or responsibilities, each dicastery was charged with overseeing. It replaced the previous governing document, ''[[Regimini Ecclesiae universae]]'', which was released by Paul VI in 1967.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.ncregister.com/blog/jimmy-akin/is-pope-francis-about-to-rip-up-the-vatican-constitution-12-things-to-know/ |last= Akin |first= Jimmy |title= Is Pope Francis about to 'rip up' the Vatican constitution? 12 things to know and share |work= National Catholic Register |date= 2 October 2013 |access-date= 7 January 2015 |archive-date= 8 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160408222800/http://www.ncregister.com/blog/jimmy-akin/is-pope-francis-about-to-rip-up-the-vatican-constitution-12-things-to-know/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>
It delineated the roles of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]], [[congregation (Roman Curia)|Congregation]]s, Tribunals, [[Pontifical Council]]s, Administrative Services and [[Pontifical Commission]]s of the Roman Curia. It also established the norms for the [[ad limina visits]] of bishops to Rome and the relationship between the Holy See and the [[particular Church]]es and [[episcopal conference]]s.
== Changes introduced == Among the changes formulated in the constitution was the re-integration of the Council for Public Affairs of the Church into the [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Secretariat of State]] as the [[Section for Relations with States]] (the ''Second Section''). The Council for Public Affairs of the Church had previously been a section of the Secretariat of State, but was made an independent dicastery by [[Pope Paul VI]] in 1967.<ref name="sos">{{cite web | url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_12101998_profile_en.html | title=Secretariat of State: Profile | publisher=The [[Holy See]] | access-date=23 April 2007 }}</ref>
The constitution also opened membership in dicasteries to [[presbyteriate|priests]], [[diaconate|deacons]], [[religious (Catholicism)|religious]], and [[laity|lay persons]]. For centuries, only [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]s were eligible for membership in the organs of the Holy See, but Pope Paul VI allowed diocesan bishops to be members following calls for [[Collegiality (Catholic Church)|collegiality]] at the [[Second Vatican Council]]. {{lang|la-VA|Pastor bonus}} continued the opening of the central government of the church by allowing representatives of all the faithful to have a role in the Roman Curia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sodano|first=Angelo Cardinal|date=2001|title=The Holy See's Presence in International Affairs|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/whith2&id=87&div=&collection=|journal=Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|volume=2|pages=87}}</ref>
==Modifications to {{lang|la-VA|Pastor bonus}}== {{See also|Praedicate evangelium}} {{as of|2016|03}},<ref name="CurrentCanonLawNorms2016-03-10">{{cite web|date=n.d.|orig-year=current as of 10 March 2016|title=Norms of current canon law of the universal Church|website=iuscangreg.it|location=Rome, IT|publisher=Pontifical Gregorian University|url=http://www.iuscangreg.it/diritto_universale.php?lang=EN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323203556/http://www.iuscangreg.it/diritto_universale.php?lang=EN|archive-date=23 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> {{lang|la-VA|Pastor bonus}} has been amended by ''{{lang|la|Quaerit semper}}'' in 2011,<ref name="BenedictXVI2011-08-30">{{cite web|author=Benedict XVI, Pope|date=30 August 2011|title=Quaerit semper|website=vatican.va|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20110830_quaerit-semper.html|access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403022651/http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20110830_quaerit-semper.html|archive-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ''{{lang|la|Ministrorum institutio}}'' and ''{{lang|la|Fides per doctrinam}}'' in 2013,<ref name="BenedictXVI2013a">{{cite web|author=Benedict XVI, Pope|date=16 January 2013|title=Ministrorum institutio|website=vatican.va|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20130116_ministrorum-institutio.html|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908035124/http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20130116_ministrorum-institutio.html|archive-date=8 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Benedict XVI, Pope|date=16 January 2013|title=Fides per doctrinam|website=vatican.va|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20130116_fides-per-doctrinam.html|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212174229/http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20130116_fides-per-doctrinam.html|archive-date=12 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''{{lang|la|Confermando una tradizione}}'' in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author=Francis, Pope|date=8 July 2014|title=Confermando una tradizione|website=vatican.va|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20140708_trasferimento-apsa.html|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141224/http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20140708_trasferimento-apsa.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the Apostolic Letter ''Ministrorum institutio'' of 16 January 2013, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] transferred the governance of seminaries from the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]] to the [[Congregation for the Clergy]].<ref name="BenedictXVI2013a" /> On the same day the Apostolic Letter ''Fides per doctrinam'' transferred the competence of [[catechesis]] from the Congregation for Clergy to the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting New Evangelization]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Fides per doctrinam|website=news.va|url=http://www.news.va/en/news/apostolic-letter-issued-motu-proprio-fides-per-doc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074925/http://www.news.va/en/news/apostolic-letter-issued-motu-proprio-fides-per-doc|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>
In October 2013, [[Pope Francis]] and his Council of Cardinals were reviewing {{lang|la-VA|Pastor bonus}} for possible further revisions.<ref>{{cite news|last=MacDonald|first=Sarah|date=4 October 2013|title=Council of Cardinals signals major changes to Pastor Bonus|website=catholicireland.net|url=http://www.catholicireland.net/council-cardinals-signal-major-pastor-bonus/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408143617/http://www.catholicireland.net/council-cardinals-signal-major-pastor-bonus/|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref> On 24 February 2014, Francis issued the Apostolic Letter ''{{lang|la|Fidelis dispensator et prudens}}'' establishing the Council for the Economy to oversee the administrative and financial structures and activities of the dicasteries of the Roman Curia, the institutions linked to the Holy See, and the Vatican City State. It also established the [[Secretariat for the Economy]] as a dicastery of the Roman Curia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Francis, Pope|date=24 February 2014|title=Fidelis dispensator et prudens|website=vatican.va|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20140224_fidelis-dispensator-et-prudens.html|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422202641/http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20140224_fidelis-dispensator-et-prudens.html|archive-date=22 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
== References == <references />
== Further reading == * {{cite web|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150109021120/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403181.htm|url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403181.htm|author-last1=Wooden|author-first1=Cindy|title=Changing needs, changing names: Reform of Curia is Vatican tradition|work=Catholic New Service|date=13 July 2014 |archive-date=2015-01-09}}
== External links == *[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-index_lt.html Original text] {{in lang|la}} *[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-index_en.html Full text], translated to English by Francis C.C.F. Kelly, James H. Provost, and Michel Thériault and revised by [[Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops]] and the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]], and authorized by the Secretariat of State.
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[[Category:Apostolic constitutions of Pope John Paul II]] [[Category:Reforms of the Roman Curia]] [[Category:1988 documents]] [[Category:1988 in Christianity]]