{{short description|Person who faces their death in a Christ-like manner}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use British English|date=January 2025}} [[File:Christian russian icon 09.jpg|alt=Russian icon of the passion bearers Saints Boris and Gleb (14th century, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)|thumb|321x321px|Russian icon of the passion bearers Saints Boris and Gleb (14th century, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)]] In Eastern Christianity, a '''passion bearer''' ({{lang-rus|страстотéрпец|r=strastoterpets|p=strəstɐˈtʲɛrpʲɪts}}) is the holder of one of the various customary saint titles used in commemoration at divine services when honouring their feast on the Church Calendar; it is not generally used by Latin Catholics,<ref>{{Cite web|title="Orthodox Terminology", Church of the Mother of God |url=https://churchmotherofgod.org/orthodox-terminology/glossary-p/495-passion-bearer.html|access-date=2022-05-09|website=churchmotherofgod.org}}</ref> but it is used within the Eastern Catholic Churches.<ref> Fr. Christopher Zugger (2001), ''The Forgotten; Catholics in the Soviet Empire from Lenin to Stalin,'' Syracuse University Press, pages 157-169.</ref>
==Definition== The term can be defined as a person who faces their death in a Christ-like manner. Unlike martyrs, passion bearers are not directly killed for their faith, though they hold to that faith with piety and true love of God. Thus, although all martyrs are passion bearers, not all passion bearers are martyrs.{{Cn|date=July 2022}}
==In Eastern Orthodoxy== Notable passion bearers include the brothers Boris and Gleb, Alexander Schmorell (executed for being a member of the White Rose student movement which wrote and distributed pamphlets which denounced Nazism), Mother Maria Skobtsova, and the entire imperial family of Russia, executed by the Bolsheviks on 17 July 1918.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Feasts and saints with names like "passion-bearer"|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2022/05/09/101331-prophet-isaiah|access-date=2022-05-09|website=www.oca.org}}</ref>
==Byzantine Catholicism== Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the surviving Russian Catholics, many of whom were directly connected to the Greek Catholic community of Dominican Sisters founded in August 1917 by Mother Catherine Abrikosova, began to appear in the open. At the same time, the martyrology of the Russian Greek Catholic Church began to be investigated.
In 2001, Exarch Leonid Feodorov was beatified during a Byzantine Rite Divine Liturgy offered in Lviv by Pope John Paul II.<ref name=icshrine>[https://icshrine.org/new-martyrs-of-ukrainian-church/bl-leonid-feodorov/ "Bl. Leonid Feodorov", Immaculate Conception Ukrainian Byzantine Catholic Church]</ref>
In 2003, a positio towards the Causes for Beatification of six others of those whom Fr. Christopher Zugger has termed, "The Passion bearers of the Russian Catholic Exarchate":<ref> Fr. Christopher Zugger (2001), ''The Forgotten; Catholics in the Soviet Empire from Lenin to Stalin,'' Syracuse University Press, pages 157-169.</ref> Fabijan Abrantovich, Anna Abrikosova, Igor Akulov, Potapy Emelianov, Halina Jętkiewicz, and Andrzej Cikoto; was submitted to the Holy See's Congregation for the Causes of Saints by the Bishops of the Catholic Church in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=catholicmartyrs - News from the Catholic Newmartyrs|url=http://en.catholicmartyrs.org/index.php?mod=pages&page=beatifch|access-date=2022-05-09|website=en.catholicmartyrs.org}}</ref>
==List of passion bearers== [[File:Андрей I Боголюбский, фреска Архангельского собора.jpg|thumb|367x367px|16th-century Russian icon of Andrey Bogolyubsky, Grand Prince of Vladimir ({{Reigned|1157|1174}})]]
===Before 1054=== * Rastislav of Moravia * Boris and Gleb * Doulas<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Doulas, Passion-Bearer of Egypt|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2021/06/15/101731-saint-doulas-passion-bearer-of-egypt|access-date=2021-07-10|website=www.oca.org}}</ref> * George the Hungarian<ref>{{Cite web|title=Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb: text - IntraText CT|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0126/_P1.HTM|access-date=2021-07-10|website=www.intratext.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Translation of the Relics of the Holy Passionbearers Boris and Gleb (in Baptism Roman and David—1072 and 1115)|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2012/05/02/101270-translation-of-the-relics-of-the-holy-passionbearers-boris-and-g|access-date=2021-07-10|website=www.oca.org}}</ref>
=== After 1054 ===
==== 20th century ==== * Eugene Botkin * Romanov Imperial Family ** Emperor Nicholas II ** Empress Alexandra Feodorovna ** Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna ** Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna ** Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna ** Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna ** Grand Prince Alexei * Alexander Schmorell * Maria Skobtsova
== See also ==
* Christian martyr * List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles * List of Eastern Orthodox saints
==References== {{Reflist}}{{Saints|state=collapsed}}
Category:Passion bearers Category:Types of saints Category:Groups of Eastern Orthodox saints