{{for|the historical region|Phasiane (historical region)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} {{Infobox Turkey place | type = metro district | name = Pasinler | image_skyline = Pasinler, Turkey (2).jpg | image_caption = | image_logo = Pasinler Belediyesi logo.png | image_map = Erzurum location Pasinler.png | map_caption = Map showing Pasinler District in Erzurum Province | coordinates = {{coord|39|58|47|N|41|40|32|E|region:TR_type:city|display=inline,title}} | province = Erzurum | leader_party = AKP | leader_name = Ahmet Dölekli | leader_name1 = | area_total_km2 = 1134 | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/> | population_total = 27055 | population_as_of = 2022 | postal_code = 25300 | area_code = 0442 | website = {{url|http://www.pasinler.bel.tr/}} | blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank1_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]] }} '''Pasinler''' or Basean ({{langx|tr|Pasinler}}; {{langx|hy|Բասէն|translit=Pasēn}}; {{lang-ka|ბასიანი|tr}}; {{langx|la|Phasiani}}; {{langx|el|Φασιανοί|translit=Phasianoí}}; formerly '''Hasankale''' and '''Hesenqele''' 'the fortress of Hasan'), is a municipality and [[Districts of Turkey|district]] of [[Erzurum Province]], [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=6 July 2015 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref> Its area is 1,134 km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> and its population is 27,055 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=12 July 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> It lies on the [[Aras River]].
It is located {{Convert|40|km|mi|0}} east of the city of [[Erzurum]] and is the site of [[Pasinler Castle|Hasankale Castle]] (sometimes called Pasinler Castle).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castles.nl - Hasankale Castle |url=https://www.castles.nl/hasankale-castle |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=www.castles.nl}}</ref> It was the birthplace of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] poet [[Nef'i]].<ref>Miller, Louis (1988) "Nef'i (Ömer)" ''Ottoman Turkish Writers: a bibliographical dictionary of significant figures in pre-Republican Turkish literature'' P. Lang, New York, page 108, {{ISBN|0-8204-0633-3}}</ref> The old name "Hasankale" may be based upon the [[Aq Qoyunlu]] ruler [[Uzun Hasan]] or upon Hasan the governor of the region in the 1330s or after Küçük Hasan, grandson of Coban, who attacked the town in 1340.<ref name="Eastern Turkey"/>
==History== The first ancient kingdom that had a control of this territory was Urartu, when it was called Biani. One of the versions of the name Pasinler - it is derived from the ancient tribe called [[Phasians]] (Phazians). The name of this tribe seems to have survived in latter-day regional toponyms – [[Armenia]]n ''Passen'', [[Greece|Greek]] ''Phasiane'', [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n ''Basiani'',<ref>"When the historic sources mention Basean, they do not always mean Pasinler or the Pasinler region. Despite its prominent position, the early historical identity of Pasinler [historic Hasan Kale], highlights the problems dealing with ancient toponyms. Various scholars have tentatively Identified modern Pasinler as Faunitis, Ügümü, Gymnias, Vagharšakert (Armenian: Վաղարշակերտ), and Boghberd (Armenian: Բողբերդ). The arguments for its ancient identity are greatly influenced by the surviving castle on the southern spur of the Hasanbaba Mountain overlooking the modern town of Pasinler. This castle, Hasankale, takes its current name from one of the Hasans, Ottoman governors of the region in the 14th century, though it is uncertain who is meant." [[Antonio Sagona|Sagona, Antonio G]]. and Sagona, Claudia (2004) ''An historical geography and a field survey of the Bayburt province'' (in the series: ''Archaeology at the north-east Anatolian frontier'') Peeters Press, Louvain, Belgium, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3-AyP-L2stsC&pg=PA57 page 57], {{ISBN|90-429-1390-8}}</ref> and [[Turkey|Turkish]] ''Pasin''.<ref>Sadona, A. G. (2004), ''Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier'', p. 58. Peeters Publishers, {{ISBN|978-90-429-1390-5}}.</ref> Based upon pottery finds, Pasinler was part of the [[Urartu|Kingdom of Urartu]] during the [[Iron Age]].<ref>Sagona, Antonio G. and Sagona, Claudia (2004) ''An historical geography and a field survey of the Bayburt province'' (in the series: ''Archaeology at the north-east Anatolian frontier'') Peeters Press, Louvain, Belgium, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3-AyP-L2stsC&pg=PA58 page 58], {{ISBN|90-429-1390-8}}</ref>
The territory of Basean belonged to Greater Armenia from 4th century BC to 5th century AD and was part of an Armenian province - Ayrarat. According to the Armenian chronicler Movses Khorenatsi (5th century), this land was the family estate of the Armenian Ordun dynasty, established by Armenian King Vagharshak, who ruled in 117 - 138/140 AD. In the story of the Armenian chronicler Favstos Buzand (5th century), the thief of the Orduni clan attacked the power of King Khosrov III, seizing and destroying the royal house, as a result of which the princes of the Orduni clan were executed by order of Khosrov. Their ancestral lands, located in the area of Basean, with all their bounds, were given to the bishop of Basean, a native of Ordor. After AD 428 this land became part of Sasanian Armenia, right up to the Arab invasions in 7th-9th centuries. In 9th century Basean became part of [[Bagratid Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaza Pasinler / Բասէն – Basean / Basen/ Φασιανοί - Phasianoí |url=https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-six-provinces/erzurum-vilayet/sancak-erzurum/kaza-pasinler-%d5%a2%d5%a1%d5%bd%d5%a7%d5%b6-basean-basen-%cf%86%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b9%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%af-phasianoi/ |website=Virtual Genocide Memorial}}</ref>
In the 10th century, the border between the Byzantine Empire and expanding early Georgian Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti ran along the [[Aras (river)|Aras]] river, therefore part of northern Basean/Basiani became a domain of the [[Georgian Bagratids]]. In 1001, after the death of David Kuropalates, Basean/Basiani was acquired by the Byzantine Emperor Basil II, who annexed the Armenian lands (Tayk/Tao, Basean/Basiani), previously subdued by King David Kuropalates.<ref> Cyril Toumanoff. Armenia and Georgia // The Cambridge Medieval History. — Cambridge, 1966. — Т. IV: The Byzantine Empire, part I, chapter XIV. — P. 593—637.</ref> and organised them into the [[theme of Iberia]] with the capital at [[Theodosiopolis (Armenia)|Theodosiopolis]]. However, after the formation of the Georgian Kingdom, [[Bagrat III of Georgia|Bagrat]]’s son [[George I of Georgia|George I]] inherited a longstanding claim to David's succession. While Basil was preoccupied with his Bulgarian campaigns, George gained momentum to invade Tayk/Tao and Basean/Basiani in 1014, which sparked his unsuccessful Byzantine-Georgian wars. Despite the territorial losses to Basil II, many of the territories ceded to the empire were overrun by the Seljuk Turks in the 1070s and 1080s, but were then retaken by the Georgian King [[David IV]]. In the 13th century, at [[Battle of Basian]], thevGeorgians defeated the army of the [[Rum]] Sultanate. The province was part of the united [[Kingdom of Georgia]] as an ordinary duchy until 1545, when Basiani was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans made Hasankale the centre of a sanjak and entirely rebuilt the citadel.<ref name="Eastern Turkey">{{cite book|last1=Sinclair|first1=T.A.|title=Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume II|date=1989|publisher=Pindar Press|isbn=9780907132325|pages=228–231–232–233}}</ref> They also built several mosques such as Ulucami (1554 repaired in 1836), Sivasli (1388 rebuild in 1912) Yeni (16th century rebuild in 1810) and baths.<ref name="Eastern Turkey"/> Other sights are the Coban bridge likely built in 1297 by a notable Ilkhanid Mongol named Coban and which was later restored several times.<ref name="Eastern Turkey"/> There are also two Islamic tombs near the town, Ferrah Hatun built in 1324 and the other likely in the 13th century.<ref name="Eastern Turkey"/> The nearby location of Avnik, has a ruined citadel with an old Muslim cemetery and mosque.<ref name="Eastern Turkey"/>
During the 19th century, several Russo-Ottoman wars took place in this region and as a consequence many Armenians emigrated from this region to Russian held territory in Transcaucasia. When the First World War broke out the Russians advanced to the plain of Pasinler but quickly retreated together with many of the local Armenian population, some 4,000 remained and were expelled or murdered during the [[Armenian Genocide]]. Between 1915 and 1918 it was occupied by Russia and then, after the Bolshevik revolution, held by Armenian forces. Turkish forces regained control of the town on 13 March 1918.<ref>Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 326. ISBN 0-521-21280-4.</ref>
==Composition== There are 72 [[mahalle|neighbourhoods]] in Pasinler District:<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=6 July 2015 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} * [[Acı, Pasinler|Acı]] * Ağaçminare * [[Ağcalar, Pasinler|Ağcalar]] * [[Altınbaşak, Pasinler|Altınbaşak]] * [[Alvar, Pasinler|Alvar]] * [[Ardıçlı, Pasinler|Ardıçlı]] * [[Aşıtlar, Pasinler|Aşıtlar]] * Bahçelievler * [[Baldızı, Pasinler|Baldızı]] * [[Başören, Pasinler|Başören]] * [[Bulkasım, Pasinler|Bulkasım]] * [[Büyükdere, Pasinler|Büyükdere]] * [[Büyüktüy, Pasinler|Büyüktüy]] * [[Çakırtaş, Pasinler|Çakırtaş]] * [[Çalıyazı, Pasinler|Çalıyazı]] * Camiikebir * [[Çamlıca, Pasinler|Çamlıca]] * [[Çiçekli, Pasinler|Çiçekli]] * [[Çöğender, Pasinler|Çöğender]] * [[Demirdöven, Pasinler|Demirdöven]] * Emirşeyh * [[Epsemce, Pasinler|Epsemce]] * Erzurumkapı * [[Esendere, Pasinler|Esendere]] * [[Gerdekkaya, Pasinler|Gerdekkaya]] * [[Gölciğez, Pasinler|Gölciğez]] * [[Hanahmet, Pasinler|Hanahmet]] * Hasandede * Kaplıcalar * [[Karakale, Pasinler|Karakale]] * [[Karavelet, Pasinler|Karavelet]] * Kasımpaşa * [[Kavuşturan, Pasinler|Kavuşturan]] * Kethuda * [[Kevenlik, Pasinler|Kevenlik]] * [[Kızılören, Pasinler|Kızılören]] * [[Kotandüzü, Pasinler|Kotandüzü]] * [[Küçüktüy, Pasinler|Küçüktüy]] * [[Kurbançayırı, Pasinler|Kurbançayırı]] * Kurtuluş * [[Otlukkapı, Pasinler|Otlukkapı]] * [[Ovaköy, Pasinler|Ovaköy]] * [[Övenler, Pasinler|Övenler]] * Paşabey * [[Pelitli, Pasinler|Pelitli]] * [[Porsuk, Pasinler|Porsuk]] * [[Pusudere, Pasinler|Pusudere]] * Reşadiye * [[Saksı, Pasinler|Saksı]] * [[Şehit Burak Karakoç, Pasinler|Şehit Burak Karakoç]] * [[Serçeboğazı, Pasinler|Serçeboğazı]] * Sivas * [[Sunak, Pasinler|Sunak]] * [[Taşağıl, Pasinler|Taşağıl]] * [[Taşkaynak, Pasinler|Taşkaynak]] * [[Taşlıgüney, Pasinler|Taşlıgüney]] * [[Taşlıyurt, Pasinler|Taşlıyurt]] * [[Tepecik, Pasinler|Tepecik]] * [[Timar, Pasinler|Timar]] * [[Üğümü, Pasinler|Üğümü]] * [[Uzunark, Pasinler|Uzunark]] * Yamaç * [[Yastıktepe, Pasinler|Yastıktepe]] * [[Yavuzlu, Pasinler|Yavuzlu]] * [[Yayla, Pasinler|Yayla]] * [[Yayladağ, Pasinler|Yayladağ]] * Yeni * [[Yeniköy, Pasinler|Yeniköy]] * [[Yiğitpınarı, Pasinler|Yiğitpınarı]] * [[Yiğittaşı, Pasinler|Yiğittaşı]] * [[Yukarıçakmak, Pasinler|Yukarıçakmak]] * [[Yukarıdanişment, Pasinler|Yukarıdanişment]] {{div col end}}
==Şehit Burak Karakoç== Şehit Burak Karakoç (formerly: ''Korucuk'') is a [[Mahalle|neighbourhood]] in the municipality and district of Pasinler, [[Erzurum Province]] in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasinler.gov.tr/mahalli-idareler |title=Mahalli İdareler |publisher=Pasinler Kaymakamlığı |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=Turkish}}</ref><ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=6 July 2015 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref> Its population is 199 (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favourite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=12 July 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref>
==People from Pasinler== * [[Fethullah Gülen]] (1941–2024), Turkish preacher, imam, religious leader, founder of the [[Gülen movement]].
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928080147/http://goturkey.turizm.gov.tr/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313E603BF9486D4371D8F72AE2C955C7C52 "Pasinler Thermal Resort" Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism] * [http://www.h2guide.com/h/120/2000/5156755 Map of Pasinler area] from MapWizard * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927143444/http://www.bugday.org/Img/Uploads/Tatuta/Maps/Yore/13.gif Map of Pasinler area] from Bugday TaTuTa
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Erzurum}} {{Pasinler District}}
[[Category:Pasinler| ]] [[Category:Populated places in Erzurum Province]] [[Category:Districts of Erzurum Province]] [[Category:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey]]