Paschalococos

{{Short description|Extinct genus of palms}} {{Speciesbox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.035|0.0004}} Late Pleistocene-Recent<ref>Cochrane, E. E., & Hunt, T. L. (Eds.). (2018). ''The Oxford handbook of prehistoric Oceania.'' Oxford University Press.</ref> | genus = Paschalococos |image=Paschalococos disperta MHNT.BOT.2017.31.1.jpg |image_caption=''Paschalococos disperta'' endocarps | parent_authority = J.Dransf. | species = disperta | authority = J.Dransf. }}

'''''Paschalococos disperta''''', the '''Rapa Nui palm''' or '''Easter Island palm''', formerly ''Jubaea disperta,'' was the native coccoid palm species of Easter Island. It disappeared from the pollen record circa AD 1650.

==Taxonomy== It is not known whether the species is distinct from ''Jubaea,'' but there is no evidence that it was ''Jubaea'' either, as the soft tissues used for the identification of coccoid genera have not been preserved. All that remain are pollen from lake beds, hollow endocarps (nuts) found in a cave, and casts of root bosses. Partly to avoid giving credence to the common but speculative assumption that the palms were ''Jubaea chilensis'' and used as rollers to move the moai statues of Easter Island, John Dransfield assigned the species to a new genus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flowering Plants of Easter Island|date=1991|pages=64–65|author=Georg Zizka|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235957861|access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref> The assignment is not accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, which does not list the genus ''Paschalococos'',<ref name="WCSP_Paschalococos">{{cite web |title=Search for ''Paschalococos''|website=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Paschalococos |access-date=2015-03-18 }}</ref> nor by The Plant List which regards the name as "unresolved".<ref name="TPL_Paschalococcos">{{cite web |title=Search results for ''Paschalococcos''|website=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Paschalococcos |access-date=2015-03-18 }}</ref>

==Usage and extinction== The over-harvesting of wood, as well as the rats brought by human settlers, led to the extinction of the Rapa Nui palm between 1250 and 1500. Hogan believes loss of the Rapa Nui palm along with other biota contributed to the collapse of society on Easter Island.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> Dransfield suggests that the trees became extinct as they were cut down for the edible palm hearts as food supplies ran out due to overpopulation. It is also likely that many palms were cut down to build canoes for fishing. Another possibility is the Polynesian rat, brought in by settlers arriving between AD 800 and 1000, consumed the nuts of the palm, leaving insufficient numbers to reseed the island.<ref name="LA Times">[http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-stoneheads-easter-island-20120620,0,6247582.story] LA Times, Easter Island has stone heads, but little else. What happened?, 20 June 2012.</ref>

Despite the extinction of the tree, this palm appears to have been represented two hundred years later in the Rongorongo script of Easter Island with the glyph <span style="background-color: white; color: black;">rongorongo glyph 67|20px</span>.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *John Dransfield. 2008. [http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Paschalococos/disperta.html Palm & Cycad Society of Australia: ''Paschalococos disperta''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920025009/http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Paschalococos/disperta.html |date=2013-09-20 }} *C. Michael Hogan (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017013207/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831 ''Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg]

Category:Cocoseae Category:Flora of Easter Island Category:Extinct flora of the Pacific Category:Species made extinct by human activities Category:Holocene extinctions Category:Monotypic Arecaceae genera Category:Plant extinctions since 1500 Category:Controversial plant taxa Category:Species that are or were threatened by logging for timber