{{Short description|Park in Lima, Peru}} {{Infobox park | name = Parque Reducto № 5 | image = Parque Reducto 5 en Surquillo.png | image_caption = | type = [[Public park]] | location = [[Surquillo]], [[Lima]] | designation = [[Cultural heritage of Peru]] | open = }} '''Redoubt No. 5 Park''' ({{langx|es|Parque Reducto № 5}}) is a 1,210 [[Square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]] [[public park]] located in [[Angamos Avenue]], in [[Surquillo]], [[Lima]], [[Peru]]. Located in a former [[redoubt]] built by the [[Peruvian Army]] during the [[War of the Pacific]], it was declared a National Monument in 1944, and a Patriotic Sanctuary in 1965. It is part of the [[Cultural heritage of Peru]].
It is currently used as a public park, where activities are coordinated by the local municipal authority.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alcaldesa atendió a surquillanos en audiencia vecinal descentralizada en el parque Reducto N° 5 |date=2024-03-13 |url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/munisurquillo/noticias/920272-alcaldesa-atendio-a-surquillanos-en-audiencia-vecinal-descentralizada-en-el-parque-reducto-n-5 |work=[[Gob.pe]]}}</ref> Besides Angamos Avenue, it is surrounded by Genaro Cobián, Manuel Bonilla (formerly Calle 10), José Neyra (formerly Calle 4) and Juan Fuentes streets.<ref name=AlvaManfredi>{{Cite web |title=Obras en las inmediaciones del Parque Reducto N° 3 en Surquillo |url=https://repositorio.cultura.gob.pe/handle/CULTURA/1116 |last=Alva Manfredi |first=Alejandro |website=[[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|Ministerio de Cultura]] |year=1981}}</ref>
== History == {{Further information|Parque Reducto No. 2#History}} [[File:Reducto 5 (1944).png|thumb|left|Aerial view in 1944.]] The [[redoubt]]s (''reductos'') were defenses built by the [[Peruvian Army]] in order to defend [[Lima]] from the [[Chilean Army]] during the [[War of the Pacific]]. In 1880, the Chileans had landed in [[Pisco, Peru|Pisco]] and had [[Lima campaign|successfully pushed north]] toward the city. There were ten in total.<ref name=Basadre>{{Cite news |title=Reducto N°2, un hito en la historia de la defensa de Lima |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/reducto-n-2-hito-historia-defensa-lima-293305-noticia/ |date=2014-02-13 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> 5,500 men in total fought in the first four redobuts, since the rest were dissolved by [[Nicolás de Piérola]] and did not see action. The Chilean troops were numbered at 8,000 men—supported by the [[Chilean Navy]]—with 3,000 Peruvians and 2,214 Chileans being [[killed in action]].<ref name=Basadre/> Some of the unidentified bodies at the site were subsequently moved to the crypt at the [[Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro|city's main cemetery]].<ref name=MINCUL>{{Cite book |title=Sitios históricos de batalla: Reducto N° 2 - Miraflores |publisher=[[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|Ministerio de Cultura]] |year=2017 |language=es |url=https://repositorio.cultura.gob.pe/bitstream/handle/CULTURA/728/Reducto%20N%C2%B0%202%20Miraflores.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref>
The park was affected by the city's growth from the mid-20th century onwards, having been partially destroyed due to the construction of [[Angamos Avenue]] around 1957. It was mistakenly identified as the "Reducto № 3" and restored in 1962 by the Army's Centre for Military Historical Studies (CEHMP) thanks to the initiative of its president, general Felipe de la Barra. The park was inaugurated on July 17, 1965.<ref name=INEHPA>{{Cite web |title=El Reducto N° 5: Transformación a través de los años |url=https://congresoarqueologia.cultura.gob.pe/sites/default/files/paginasinternas/items/archivo/AFICHE%203%20%28web%29_Mesa%20de%20trabajo%201_1.pdf |last=Juárez |first=José Carlos |website=[[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|XII Congreso Nacional de Arqueología]] |last2=Amiliáteui |first2=Wiston |last3=Ferreyra |first3=Oscar}}</ref>
It was declared a National Monument in 1963, a Patriotic Sanctuary in 1965 (prior to its inauguration), and ultimately protected as a monument in 1981, having been declared a Sanctuary of the Homeland on November 5, and protected from further destruction through the suspension of all construction works on November 19. In 1999, it was renamed as "Reducto № 5" due to investigations that started in 1995 and were further coordinated with the district's municipal government in 1998 by the Institute of Historical Studies of the Pacific ({{langx|es|Instituto de Estudios Históricos del Pacífico}}, INEHPA), a [[Asociación Civil|civil association]] dedicated to the studies of the War of the Pacific.<ref name=AlvaManfredi/><ref name=INEHPA/> It was declared a Historic Battle Site in 2017 by the [[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|Ministry of Culture]] through decree 495 of that year.<ref name=INEHPA/>
In 2021, an archaeological investigation was carried out by an INEHPA team, coinciding with the [[Bicentennial of the Independence of Peru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PIA Batalla de Miraflores |url=https://congresoarqueologia.cultura.gob.pe/sites/default/files/paginasinternas/items/archivo/AFICHE%201%20%28web%29_Mesa%20de%20trabajo%201%20%281%29.pdf |last=Escarcena |first=Augusto |website=[[Ministry of Culture (Peru)|XII Congreso Nacional de Arqueología]] |last2=Amiliáteui |first2=Wiston |last3=Ferreyra |first3=Oscar}}</ref>
==See also== {{Commonscat|Parque Reducto No. 5}} *[[Morro Solar]] *[[Parque Reducto No. 2]]
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Lima landmarks}}
[[Category:Parks in Lima]] [[Category:Surquillo]] [[Category:War of the Pacific]] [[Category:Redoubts]] [[Category:Cultural heritage of Peru]]