{{Short description|Species of tree in the Fabaceae family}} {{Speciesbox | image = Parapiptadenia rigida.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | genus = Parapiptadenia | species = rigida | authority = (Benth.)Brenan | range_map = Parapiptadenia-rigida-range-map.png | range_map_caption = Range of ''Parapiptadenia rigida'' | synonyms = *''Piptadenia rigida'' {{small|Benth.}} *''Piptadenia rigida'' var. ''grandis'' {{small|Lindm.}} *''Piptadenia rigida'' var. ''typica'' {{small|Lindm.}} *''Prosopis elegans'' {{small|Spreng.}} *''Senegalia angico'' {{small|(Mart.) Seigler & Ebinger}} | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:183015-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> }}
'''''Parapiptadenia rigida''''' is a perennial shrub or tree. It is not a threatened species. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Common names include '''angico''', '''angico-cedro''', '''angico-do-banhado''', '''angico-dos-montes''', '''angico-verdadeiro''', '''angico-vermelho (in Spanish angico is changed for anchico)''', '''guarucaia''' and '''paric'''.<ref name="ILDIS">[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~9226 International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS)]</ref>
''Parapiptadenia rigida'' grows from about 18m to 30m in height and it has a straight trunk which has slightly furrowed bark. The foliage is dark green and the flowers are greenish-yellow 5 cm to 9 cm long. It blooms in the spring. The seed pods grow 9 cm to 16 cm in length. The seeds are flat, oval and brown. It is found along the lengths of rivers.
==Uses==
===Essential oils=== Essential oils from the tree are becoming more widely recognized in industrial fragrance production.<ref>[http://www.perfumerflavorist.com/newsletter/6599747.html Perfumer and Flavorist Magazine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704064556/http://www.perfumerflavorist.com/newsletter/6599747.html |date=2007-07-04 }}</ref>
===Gum=== Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as gum arabic.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&dq=Anadenanthera+peregrina+falcata&pg=PA98 ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke, p. 98]</ref>
===Traditional uses=== Extracts from the tree have astringent, expectorant, anti-diarrheal, and hemorrhage-arresting properties.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}<ref>[http://www.uem.br/dialogos/index.php?journal=ojs&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=328&path%5B%5D=pdf_301 PDF] Múltiplos Usos de Espécies Vegetais Pela Farmacologia Guarani Através De Iinformações Històricas</ref> It is used for its antiseptic properties in southern Brazil.<ref name="bionews">[https://web.archive.org/web/20051123005504/http://www.bionewsonline.com/k/1/antimicrobial_d.htm Bionews Online]</ref> The bark has a high tannin content of 15.0%<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&dq=%22anadenanthera+peregrina%22&pg=PA96 Google Books] ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke p. 96</ref> and it is used in folk medicine as a bitter-tasting tonic and body cleanser.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} It is used to treat rickets, lack of appetite and muscle weakness.<ref name="arvore">[http://arvoresdeirati.com/index.php%3Farea%3Ddescricao%26id%3D101 Árvoresdeirati] {{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref> ''Parapiptadenia rigida'' is psychoactive.<ref name="enzyk">Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. {{ISBN|3-85502-570-3}} at {{cite web |url=http://www.deutschesfachbuch.de/info/detail.php?isbn=3855025703&part=4&word= |title=DeutschesFachbuch.de : Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen von Christian Rätsch |accessdate=2007-06-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010154150/http://www.deutschesfachbuch.de/info/detail.php?isbn=3855025703&part=4&word= |archivedate=2007-10-10 }}</ref>{{Verify source|date=November 2011}}
===Tannin=== The tree's bark contains 15.0% tannin.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&dq=Anadenanthera+peregrina+falcata&pg=PA96 ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke]</ref>
===Wood=== Its dense, wood is resistant to the elements and is used for construction,<ref>[http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/destaque/revista_florestar.pdf Florestar Estatístico] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041123011826/http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/destaque/revista_florestar.pdf |date=2004-11-23 }}</ref> carpentry, beams for bridges,<ref name="arvore"/> poles and firewood.<ref>[http://www.wzw.tum.de/vegoek/publikat/suedam2005.pdf Bericht ueber die Exkursion des Lehrstuhls fuer Vegetationsoekologie durch Suedamerika 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001223001/http://www.wzw.tum.de/vegoek/publikat/suedam2005.pdf |date=2006-10-01 }}</ref> The wood is said to be unaffected by insects including termites and it can last more than 20 years unpainted.
====Mechanical properties==== It has a "Janka Hardness" of 2300-3700 lb.,<ref name="jg">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jgarchitectural.com/species.htm |title=J.G. Architectural |access-date=2007-05-26 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929073931/http://www.jgarchitectural.com/species.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> a parallel "bending strength" of 16900 psi, a parallel "compression strength" of 8500 psi and a density of 720–1199 kg/m<sup>3</sup><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ranchdrivewaygates.com/argentinean-hard-woods.htm |title=Argentinean Hard Woods |access-date=2007-05-26 |archive-date=2007-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427210052/http://www.ranchdrivewaygates.com/argentinean-hard-woods.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/wd/asps/DisplayDetail.asp?SpecID=2693 |title=World AgroForestry |access-date=2007-05-26 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031850/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/wd/asps/DisplayDetail.asp?SpecID=2693 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at a moisture content of 12-15%. Its modulus of elasticity is 157 801 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://www.cadamda.org.ar/paginas/informacion/fichas%20tecnicas/ficha1/anchico_colorado.htm# Ficha Técnica: Anchico Colorado (Spanish)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175737/http://www.cadamda.org.ar/paginas/informacion/fichas%20tecnicas/ficha1/anchico_colorado.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>
For hardwood flooring it is called "pepperwood."<ref name="jg"/>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *[https://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&gbv=1&q=%22Parapiptadenia+rigida%22&btnG=Search+Images ''Parapiptadenia rigida'' -- Google Images] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133454/http://coralx.ufsm.br/herbarioflorestal/especie_detalhes.php?nome_filtrado=angico-vermelho_angico ''Parapiptadenia rigida'' Photos]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2719012}}
Category:Mimosoideae Category:Trees of Argentina Category:Trees of Brazil Category:Trees of Paraguay Category:Trees of Uruguay Category:Flora of the Atlantic Forest Category:Medicinal plants of South America Category:Entheogens