Parachi language

{{Short description|Iranian language of Afghanistan}} {{Redirect-distinguish|Parachi|Piracha}} {{Infobox language | name = Parachi | image = Parachi.svg | states = Afghanistan | region = Kabul | speakers = 3,500 | date = 2009 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Indo-Iranian | fam3 = Iranian | fam4 = Ormuri–Parachi<ref>{{Glottolog|ormu1249|Ormuri-Parachi}}</ref> | iso3 = prc | dia1 = Ghujulan | dia2 = Shutul | dia3 = Nijrau | glotto = para1299 | glottorefname = Parachi | mapscale = 1.0 | map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Parachi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''}}}} }} [[File:NO-NB BLDSA GM2a374n.jpg|alt=Ghulam Maheuddin, Parachi from Ghulam Maheuddin, Parachi from Deh-i Kal in Shutul, northeast of Charikar. September 1924.|thumb|Ghulam Maheuddin, a Parachi man from Deh-i-Kal in Shutul valley, northeast of Charikar, photographed by Georg Morgenstierne in September 1924.]]

'''Parachi''' (''Parāčī'') is an Iranian language. Parachi is spoken by some 600 individuals of the Parachi ethnic group in eastern Afghanistan, mainly in the upper part of Nijrab District, northeast of Kabul, out of a total ethnic Parachi population of some 5,000.

It is closely related to the Ormuri language of Kaniguram in South Waziristan, Pakistan. Parachi is usually classified as a member of the Southeastern group of the Eastern Iranian languages,<ref name = "Iranica">Nicholas Sims-Williams, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eastern-iranian-languages Eastern Iranian languages], in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, 2010</ref> although this is an areal group rather than a genetical one.

== Classification == Parach is an Iranian language belonging to the Ormuri-Parachi subgroup.<ref name=":0">{{Glottolog|ormu1247|Ormuri}}</ref> Glottolog classifies Parachi within the Ormuri-Parachi subgroup of Iranian languages.<ref name=":0" /> Similarly, Ethnologue also classifies it within the Ormur-Parachi subgroup, however, places both Parachi and Ormuri among the Norhwestern Iranian languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ormuri-Parachi |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroup/22/ |access-date=9 April 2026 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref>

Despite being spoken in the eastern part of the Iranian language area, Parachi, similar to Ormuri, shares some common islogloss and linguistic and structural features with some Northwestern Iranian languages such as Zaza, Semnani, Sangsari.<ref>Lecoq, P. (1989) ''Le classement des langues irano-aryennes occidentales'', in: C.-H. de Fouchecour I Pb. Gignoux (Hg.), Etudes irano-aryennes offertes a Gilbert Lazard, Paris pp. 247-264.</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Язык парачи: грамматический очерк; тексты; словарь |trans-title=Parachi language: Grammar, texts, dictionary |location=Moskva |publisher=Восточная литература |isbn=978-5-02-036407-3 |date=2009 |last=Ефимов |first=В. А. |lang=RU}} * {{cite journal |last=KIEFFER |first=CHARLES |title=The Approaching End of the Relict Southeast Iranian Languages Ōrmuri and Parāči in Afghanistan |journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language |issue=12 |date=1977 |pages=71–100 |doi=10.1515/ijsl.1977.12.71}} * {{Cite journal |last=Trofimov |first=Artem |title=On the place of Parachi and Ormuri among the Iranian languages according to the data of annotated Swadesh lists |journal=Journal of Language Relationship |volume=16 |issue=3–4 |date=2019 |pages=277–292 |doi=10.31826/jlr-2019-163-411|doi-access=free }}. * {{Cite journal |last=Трофимов |first=А. А. |title=Ударение множественного числа имен с показателем -ån в парачи и его связь с праиранской акцентуацией |trans-title=Stress position of nominal plurals in -ån in the Parachi language and its connection with the accent in Proto-Iranian |journal=Journal of Language Relationship |volume=19 |issue=3–4 |date=2021 |pages=210–232 |doi=10.31826/jlr-2021-193-407|language=Russian |doi-access=free }}. * {{cite journal |last=Трофимов |first=А. А. |title=Ударение в языках парачи и ормури в связи с афганским и его значение для иранской реконструкции |trans-title=The accent in Parachi and Ormuri compared to Pashto and its significance for the reconstruction of Proto-Iranian |journal=Journal of Language Relationship |volume=20 |issue=3–4 |date=2022 |pages=222–252 |doi=10.31826/jlr-2023-203-407 |language=Russian|doi-access=free }} {{refend}}

Category:Languages of Afghanistan Category:Eastern Iranian languages