{{Short description|Disorder of the human eye}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = | synonym = Diffuse uveitis, Total uveitis | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = ophthalmology | symptoms = | complications = Permanent vision loss<ref name="CC">{{Cite web |title=Uveitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Types |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14414-uveitis |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205051635/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14414-uveitis |url-status=live }}</ref> | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = Eye examination | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Panuveitis''' also known as '''Diffuse uveitis''' or '''Total uveitis''' is an eye disease affecting the internal structures of the eye. This inflammation occurs throughout the uveal tract, with no specific areas of predominant inflammation. In most cases, along with the uvea, the retina, vitreous humor, optic nerve or lens are also involved.
==Signs and symptoms== Symptoms of panuveitis include eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, discharge, blurring of vision, flashes and floaters.<ref name="AAO"/> There will be signs of inflammations of all the uveal parts. ==Causes== In many cases the cause of panuveitis is unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Panuveitis |publisher=National Organization for Rare Disorders |url=https://rarediseases.org/gard-rare-disease/panuveitis/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=rarediseases.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053142/https://rarediseases.org/gard-rare-disease/panuveitis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Possible causes include exogenous or endogenous infection, injury, or an autoimmune disease. Endogenous infections caused by syphilis, tuberculosis, mumps, smallpox, influenza, toxoplasmosis, lupus, sarcoidosis, and immune-related inflammations such as Behcet syndrome or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease causes panuveitis.<ref name="AAO"/><ref name="CC"/>
Infections from a perforating wound or ulcer in the eye, secondary infections from other ocular tissues, or a surgical trauma from intraocular procedures such as cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery or vitreoretinal surgery can also cause panuveitis.<ref name="AAO"/>
==Diagnosis== Diagnosis of panuveitis is based on the clinical signs of inflammations of all the uveal parts. There will be evidence of anterior uveitis (iris, Cyclitis and iridocyclitis) and choroiditis. Slit lamp examination may reveal vitreous cells, aqueous cells and flare and keratic precipitates.<ref name="IJO"/> ===Definition=== Panuveitis is a type of uveitis in which inflammation occurs throughout the uveal tract, with no specific areas of predominant inflammation.<ref name="AAO">{{Cite web |title=Panuveitis |url=https://eyewiki.aao.org/Panuveitis |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=eyewiki.aao.org |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205051634/https://eyewiki.aao.org/Panuveitis |url-status=live }}</ref> In most cases, along with the uvea, the retina, vitreous humor, optic nerve or lens are involved.<ref name="IJO">{{Cite journal |last1=Bansal |first1=Reema |last2=Gupta |first2=Vishali |last3=Gupta |first3=Amod |date=2010 |title=Current approach in the diagnosis and management of panuveitis |journal=Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=45–54 |doi=10.4103/0301-4738.58471 |issn=0301-4738 |pmc=2841373 |pmid=20029145 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="CJMS">{{Cite journal |last1=Anjum |first1=Zauraiz |last2=Tariq |first2=Zemal |last3=Anjum |first3=Zauraiz |last4=Tariq |first4=Zemal |date=2019-09-06 |title=Non-infective Unilateral Panuveitis: Topical Steroids and Posterior Vitrectomy as a Cheap and Safe Alternative to Modern Treatment Modalities |journal=Cureus Journal of Medical Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=9 |article-number=e5587 |doi=10.7759/cureus.5587 |doi-access=free |pmid=32181063 |pmc=7053792 |issn=2168-8184 }}</ref>
International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) defines panuveitis as generalized inflammation of all three parts (iris, ciliary body and choroid) of the uvea.<ref name="IJO"/>
==Treatment== If there is an underlying cause, treatment should be given based on the disease. Non specific treatment measures include cycloplegics, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs.<ref name="AAO"/> The biologic drugs that are currently used in treatment of panuveitis include anti tumor necrosis factor, cytokine receptor antibodies and interferon-α.<ref name="IJO"/>
==References== {{Reflist}} {{Eye pathology}}
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Category:Inflammations Category:Disorders of iris and ciliary body Category:Steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions Category:Disorders of choroid and retina