Panopticons

{{short description|Series of sculptures in East Lancashire, England}} {{about|Lancashire arts project|the type of institutional building|Panopticon||Panopticon (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox artwork | title = Panopticons | other_language_1 = | other_title_1 = | other_language_2 = | other_title_2 = | wikidata = | image = {{multiple images | border = infobox | perrow = 2 | total_width = 250 | align = center | image1 =Wycoller_panopticon_atom.jpg | image2 = Halo in Haslingden, Rossendale, England.jpg | image3 = Singing Ringing Tree (Panopticons).jpg | image4 = Colourfields.jpg }} | alt = Panopticons | caption = [[Panopticon]]s in [[Blackburn]], the [[Borough of Burnley]], the [[Borough of Pendle]] and the [[Borough of Rossendale]] | artist = <nowiki>Various</nowiki> | year =  | completion_date =  | catalogue = | medium = | movement = | subject = [[Panopticon]] | height_metric =  | width_metric = | length_metric = | diameter_metric = | height_imperial =  | width_imperial = | length_imperial = | diameter_imperial = | dimensions = | dimensions_ref = | metric_unit = cm  | imperial_unit = in  | weight = | designation = | condition = | museum = | city = [[Lancashire]] | coordinates =  | owner = | accession = | preceded_by =  | followed_by =  | module = | website = {{URL|https://midpenninearts.org.uk/programmes/panopticons}} }} '''Panopticons''' is a series of four sculptures in [[Blackburn]], [[Borough of Burnley|Burnley]], [[Borough of Pendle|Pendle]] and [[Borough of Rossendale|Rossendale]] in [[Lancashire]], England. They are part of an arts and regeneration project of the East Lancashire Environmental Arts Network managed by Mid [[Pennines|Pennine]] Arts. The large scale outdoor sculptures were commissioned, designed and constructed over a six-year period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://midpenninearts.org.uk/programmes/panopticons|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505170645/https://midpenninearts.org.uk/programmes/panopticons/|archivedate=2017-05-05|title= Panopticons, New landmarks for the 21st century|author=Anon|year=2024|website=midpenninearts.org.uk}}</ref><ref name=sixtysix>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927010932/https://www.rossendalefreepress.co.uk/news/local-news/haslingden-halo-66-questions-council-1710904|archivedate=2021-09-27|url=https://www.rossendalefreepress.co.uk/news/local-news/haslingden-halo-66-questions-council-1710904|website=rossendalefreepress.co.uk|title=Haslingden Halo: 66 questions council should have asked: council bosses have been asked questions over their decision to approve the controversial Halo panopticon|year=2005|author=Anon}}</ref><ref name=ross>{{cite web|publisher=[[Rossendale Borough Council]]|date=2006-09-19|title=Item No. D7: Halo Panopticon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929175625/http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/downloads/Item_D7_-_Panopticon_September_06_Cabinet.pdf|author=Anon|archivedate=2006-09-29|website=rossendale.gov.uk|url=http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/downloads/Item_D7_-_Panopticon_September_06_Cabinet.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/uk/high-art-in-lancashire-898754.html|title=High art in Lancashire:One man and his dog leave the city behind to take in a view of the Pennine's panopticons -four new hilltop landmarks that are enchanting a growing number of visitors |last=Herbert|first=Ian|date=2008-08-16|publisher=[[The Independent]]|website=independent.co.uk|accessdate=2009-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103013433/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/uk/high-art-in-lancashire-898754.html|archivedate=2012-11-03}}</ref>

The Halo in Haslingden, Rossendale was the last sculpture in the series to be erected, in September 2007. Plans for a similar sculpture in [[Accrington]] were never realised.<ref name=tideturns>{{cite web|author=Anon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616203105/https://www.lancs.live/news/local-news/tide-turns-on-landmark-1266997|archivedate=2021-06-16|url=https://www.lancs.live/news/local-news/tide-turns-on-landmark-1266997|title=‘Tide turns’ on landmark|website=lancs.live|date=2005-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accringtonobserver.co.uk/news/local-news/firm-no-to-earthwork-on-coppice-1266954|title=Firm 'no' to earthwork on Coppice|publisher=www.accringtonobserver.co.uk|date=3 March 2005|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> One artist's impression showed a different design. Perhaps of a bird.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accringtonobserver.co.uk/news/local-news/coppice-is-stunning-exactly-as-it-is--1266892|title=Coppice is stunning exactly as it is ...|publisher=www.accringtonobserver.co.uk|date=3 February 2005|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref>

==Panopticon sculptures== There are four sculptures in the Panopticons series: ===The Atom in Pendle=== [[File:Wycoller panopticon atom.jpg|thumb|The Atom [[Wycoller]], [[Borough of Pendle]]]] Set near [[Wycoller]] in the landscape of [[Borough of Pendle|Pendle]], the Atom was designed by Peter Meacock, Andrew Edmunds and Katarina Novomestska of Peter Meacock Projects. It was launched by Mayor of Pendle, Councillor George Adams, with Anthony Wilson and designer Peter Meacock, on 22 September 2006.{{fact|date=April 2024}} The bronze coated [[glass fibre reinforced concrete]] structure provides both a work of art and a viewing point and shelter from which to enjoy the surrounding landscape.

Part of this sculpture, the metal ball inside, has since been vandalised and removed.{{fact|date=April 2024}} Atom is located at {{coord|53.8496|-2.0968|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline}}.

===Colourfields, Blackburn=== [[File:Colourfields.jpg|thumb|Colourfields in [[Blackburn]]]] Colourfields in [[Blackburn]] is a collaboration between Jo Rippon Architecture and artist Sophie Smallhorn. The design uses the former cannon battery in [[Corporation Park, Blackburn|Corporation Park]] as its base. Colourfields was launched by the Mayor of Blackburn with Darwen, Councillor Dorothy Walsh, on the 14 June 2006. It's situated at {{coord|53.7575|-2.4976|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline}}.

===Haslingden Halo, Rossendale=== [[File:Halo in Haslingden, Rossendale, England.jpg|thumb|The [[Haslingden]] Halo, [[Borough of Rossendale]]]] The Haslingden [[Halo (optical phenomenon)|Halo]] is an artwork set on the expended landfill site (or "top 'o' slate") overlooking the town of [[Haslingden]] in [[Borough of Rossendale|Rossendale]], positioned to be clearly visible from the [[M66 motorway]] and [[A56 road]] approach to Lancashire. It is located at {{gbmapping|SD791236}}. The Halo was the fourth and final Panopticon to be constructed in Lancashire, and was launched in September 2007.

The Halo is an 18m diameter steel lattice structure supported on a tripod five metres above the ground. The core is open at the top, framing views of the sky. It is lit after dark, using low energy LEDs powered by an adjacent wind turbine, and glows a sky blue colour, giving the effect of hovering above the town. It was designed by John Kennedy of LandLab. The Halo in Haslingden has been controversial due to associated maintenance costs and tree felling.<ref name=sixtysix/>

===Singing Ringing Tree, Burnley=== [[File:Singing_Ringing_Tree_(Panopticons).jpg|thumb|The Singing Ringing Tree, [[Burnley]]]] {{Main|Singing Ringing Tree, Burnley}} The Singing Ringing Tree is a musical sculpture overlooking [[Burnley]]. It was designed by architects Mike Tonkin and Anna Liu of Tonkin Liu, and constructed from pipes of galvanised steel. Singing Ringing Tree was launched by the Mayor of [[Burnley]], Councillor Mohammad Najib, JP, and designers Mike Tonkin and Anna Liu on 14 December 2006. The sculpture is located at {{coord|53|45|23.90|N|2|13|37.99|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline}}.

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lancashire]] [[Category:Outdoor sculptures in England]] [[Category:Architecture in England]]