{{Short description|Nearly extinct Panoan language of Peru}} {{Infobox language | name = Wariapano | fontcolor = #ffffff | altname = Pano | nativename = | states = Peru | extinct = | ref = e25 | familycolor = pano-tacanan | fam1 = Panoan | fam2 = Mainline Panoan | fam3 = Nawa | fam4 = Chama | iso3 = pno | glotto = pano1255 | glottorefname = Panobo | dia2 = Piskino | dia1 = Shetebo | dia3 = Pano {{extinct}} | speakers = moribund | speakers2 = extinct 1991 (Pano) | date = 2013 | map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|Panobo is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''.}} }}
'''Wariapano''' (Huariapano), also known as '''Pano''', '''Panavarro''', and '''Pánobo''', is a nearly extinct Panoan language of Peru. The language has three dialects; one of them is extinct and the two others are nearly so.
== Dialects == There are three attested dialects: Shetebo and Piskino, which are no longer in daily use and are considered obsolescent, and Pano itself, which is extinct.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Fleck |first=David W. |title=Panoan languages and linguistics |date=2013 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |isbn=978-0-9852016-2-3 |series=Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History |location=New York, NY}}</ref>
== Classification == David Fleck (2013) classified Pano as closely related to extinct Sensi and the still-living Shipibo–Konibo language, as part of the Chama subgroup of the Mainline Panoan languages. The Barbudo, Chakaya, Iltipo, Manannawa, Yawabo, and Puinawa languages, though undocumented, were also reportedly close to Pano.<ref name=":1" /> The Wriapano language was reported to be partially intelligible to speakers of Shipibo.<ref name=":0" />
== Geographical distribution == In the late 17th century, the Wariapano lived along the Sarayacu River.<ref name=":2">{{Cite thesis |last=de Jesus Gomes |first=Graziela |title=Aspectos morfossintaticos da lingua Huariapano (Pano) |date=2010 |degree=masters |publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas |url=https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/tese%3Agomes-2010/Gomes_GrazieladeJesus_M.pdf}}</ref>
== History == In 1790, the Wariapano, Shetebo, Shipibo, and Konibo were put into missions by Franciscans.<ref name=":2" /> The last known speaker of the Pano dialect died in the spring of 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=Steve |date=April 1994 |title=Coda Epenthesis in Huariapano |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/466224 |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=95–119 |doi=10.1086/466224 |issn=0020-7071|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
=== Documentation === In 1861, the Franciscan missionaries Frezneda and Francisco de San José are repoted to have made a grammar of Shetebo, which was not published. A supposed wordlist of Shetebo was also mentioned. Manuel Navarro presented a list of Pano words .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Navarro |first=Manuel |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/115702 |title=Vocabulario Castellano-Quechua-Pano con sus respectivas gramáticas Quechua y Pana |date=1903 |publisher=Imprenta del Estado |location=Lima}}</ref> Günter Tessmann recorded 35 words of Shetebo, along with seven additional terms, as well as over 200 words of Pano proper. Piskino is known solely through 14 words included in a 1993 Shipibo dictionary.<ref name=":1" />
== Phonology == <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=Steve |date=January 1998 |title=On the Phonetic Duration of Huariapano Rhymes |url=https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol42/iss1/4 |journal=Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session |volume=42 |issue=1 |doi=10.31356/silwp.vol42.04 |issn=0361-4700|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bennett |first=Ryan |date=December 2013 |title=The uniqueness of metrical structure: rhythmic phonotactics in Huariapano |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0952675713000195/type/journal_article |journal=Phonology |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=355–398 |doi=10.1017/S0952675713000195 |issn=0952-6757|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
=== Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="2" | !Labial !Alveolar !Alveopalatal !Retroflex !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- ! colspan="2" |Plosive |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | | | |{{IPA link|k}} | |- ! colspan="2" |Affricate | |{{IPA link|ts}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} |{{IPA link|ʂ}} | | |{{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPA link|β}} | | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Flap | |{{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant |{{IPA link|w}} | | | |{{IPA link|j}} | | |} {{IPAslink|β}} fluctuates between a stop and a fricative. {{IPAslink|h}} is only distinctive word-initially.
=== Vowels === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! !Front !Central !Back |- !Close |{{IPA link|i}} | |{{IPA link|ɯ}} |- !Mid | | |{{IPA link|o}} |- !Open | |{{IPA link|a}} | |}
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Pano-Tacanan languages}}{{Languages of Peru}}{{Authority control}} Category:Panoan languages Category:Extinct languages of South America
{{Na-lang-stub}}