Coelogyne

{{Short description|Genus of orchids}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Coelogyne cristata 3.jpg | image_caption = ''Coelogyne cristata'' | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Coelogyne | authority = Lindl. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See List of ''Coelogyne'' species | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |''Acanthoglossum'' Blume |''Acoridium'' Nees & Meyen |''Androgyne'' Griff. |''Basigyne'' J.J.Sm. |''Bracisepalum'' J.J.Sm. |''Broughtonia'' Wall. ex Lindl. |''Bulleyia'' Schltr. |''Camelostalix'' Pfitzer |''Chelonanthera'' Blume |''Chelonistele'' Pfitzer |''Crinonia'' Blume |''Dendrochilum'' Blume |''Dickasonia'' L.O.Williams |''Entomophobia'' de Vogel |''Geesinkorchis'' de Vogel |''Gynoglottis'' J.J.Sm. |''Hologyne'' Pfitzer |''Ischnogyne'' Schltr. |''Kalimpongia'' Pradhan |''Nabaluia'' Ames |''Neogyna'' Rchb.f. |''Otochilus'' Lindl. |''Panisea'' (Lindl.) Lindl. |''Pholidota'' Lindl. |''Platyclinis'' Benth. |''Pseudacoridium'' Ames |''Ptilocnema'' D.Don |''Ptychogyne'' Pfitzer |''Sigmatochilus'' Rolfe |''Sigmatogyne'' Pfitzer |''Tetrapeltis'' Wall. ex Lindl. |''Zetagyne'' Ridl. }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name="PoWO">{{cite web |title=Coelogyne |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30175266-2 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref> | type_species = ''Coelogyne cristata'' Lindl.<ref name = "IPNI">''Coelogyne'' Lindl. | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30175266-2</ref> }}

'''''Coelogyne''''' is a genus of about 600 species,<ref name="PoWO" /> of sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats.

== Description == ===Vegetative characteristics=== ''Coelogyne'' are mostly epithytic, sympodial, pseudobulbous,<ref name = "Teoh, 2021">Teoh, E.S. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-58872-4_32 ''Coelogyne'' Lindl..] In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E). Springer, Cham.</ref> rhizomatous herbs with pendulous or creeping rhizomes<ref name = "Flora of China">''Coelogyne'' in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=107571</ref> and thin roots. The cylindrical to conical pseudobulbs bear stalked or sessile leaves at the apex.<ref name = "Flora of Australia"> D.L. Jones. ''Coelogyne'', in Z.P. Groeneveld (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Coelogyne [Date Accessed: 20 January 2025] </ref> ===Generative characteristics=== This genus lacks the saccate base of the labellum, a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.

Inflorescences often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large flowers. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in ''Coelogyne fimbriata''), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in ''Coelogyne cristata''). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

They have often a sweet scent, attracting different kinds of pollinators, such as bees, wasps and beetles.<ref name = "Gravendeel et al., 2001" /><ref name = "Gravendeel, 2000" />

== Taxonomy == It was first published as ''Caelogyne'' {{small|Lindl.}} by Lindl. in 1821,<ref name = "Lindley, 1821">Lindley, John & Richard and Arthur Taylor. (1821). Collectanea botanica, or, Figures and botanical illustrations of rare and curious exotic plants (Issue 7). Printed by Richard and Arthur Taylor, Shoe-Lane, sold by J. and A. Arch. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5438670</ref><ref name = "IPNI" /><ref name = "Tropicos" /> but it was later changed to ''Coelogyne'' {{small|Lindl.}} in 1825.<ref name = "IPNI" /><ref name = "Tropicos">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-d). ''Coelogyne'' Lindl. Tropicos. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40011615</ref> The lectotype species is ''Coelogyne cristata'' {{small|Lindl.}}<ref name = "IPNI" /> It is the type genus of the subtribe Coelogyninae {{small|Benth.}}.<ref name = "Tropicos b">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-e). Coelogyninae Benth. Tropicos. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/100481612</ref> The traditional taxonomy of the genus ''Coelogyne'' is still disputed. ''Coelogyne'' has been subdivided in 23 sections or subgenera by De Vogel (1994) and Clayton. Molecular data show that ''Coelogyne'' is paraphyletic and should be reorganised. It should include the genera ''Neogyna'' and ''Pholidota'', and several sections should be removed, including ''Cyathogyne'', ''Tomentosae'', ''Rigidiformes'', ''Veitchiae'' and ''Verrucosae''. This new genus ''Coelogyne'' should then contain about 160 species.<ref name = "Gravendeel, 2000">Gravendeel, B. (2000). [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/517/Gravendeel.pdf?sequence=10 Reorganising the orchid genus ''Coelogyne'': A phylogenetic classification based on morphology and molecules.] Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.</ref>

=== Species === See List of ''Coelogyne'' species [[File:Coelogyne odoardi 4.jpg|thumb|''Coelogyne odoardoi'']] [[File:Coelogyne pandurata 1.jpg|thumb|''Coelogyne pandurata'']] [[File:Coelogyne chlorophaea (Philippines) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10- 17 (1911) (33685235420).jpg|thumb|''Coelogyne chlorophaea'']]

==Etymology== The generic name ''Coelogyne'' is derived from the Greek koilos meaning hollow, and gyne, meaning pistil or woman. It refers to the concave stigma.<ref name = "AOS">''Coelogyne''. (n.d.). American Orchid Society. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.aos.org/explore/coelogyne</ref><ref name = "Gravendeel, 2000" />

==Ecology== ===Habitat=== ''Coelogyne'' grow as epiphytic, or rarely lithophytic or terrestrial plants in tropical rainforests<ref name = "Gravendeel et al., 2001">Gravendeel, B., Chase, M. W., de Vogel, E. F., Roos, M. C., Mes, T. H., & Bachmann, K. (2001). [https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2307/3558367 Molecular phylogeny of Coelogyne (Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae) based on plastid RFLPs, matK, and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences: evidence for polyphyly.] American Journal of Botany, 88(10), 1915-1927.</ref> at elevations of 0–3000 m above sea level.<ref name = "Gravendeel, 2000" /> ===Pollinations=== The flowers are pollinated by beetles, wasps and bees.<ref name = "Gravendeel et al., 2001" /><ref name = "Gravendeel, 2000" />

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == {{Commons}} * Teuscher, H. 1976. ''Coelogyne and Pleione''. American Orchid Society Bulletin 45(8):688.

Category:Coelogyne Category:Arethuseae genera Category:Epiphytic orchids