Panic Movement

{{Short description|French artist collective}} {{For|The Hiss album|Panic Movement (album)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{Infobox organization | formation = February 1962 | native_name = Mouvement panique | native_name_lang = fr | founder = [[Fernando Arrabal]] [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] [[Olivier O. Olivier]] [[Jacques Sternberg]] [[Christian Zeimert]] [[Abel Ogier]] [[Roland Topor]] | dissolved = 1973 | headquarters = [[Paris]], France }}

'''Panic Movement''' ({{langx|fr|Mouvement panique}}) was an [[art collective]] formed by [[Fernando Arrabal]], [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]], and [[Roland Topor]] in [[Paris]] in 1962.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mouvement Panique | work=[[Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival]] | url=http://www.luff.ch/2003/cinema-panique.html | accessdate=6 April 2012 | language=French}}</ref> Inspired by and named after the god [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]], and influenced by [[Luis Buñuel]] and [[Antonin Artaud]]'s [[Theatre of Cruelty]], the group concentrated on chaotic and surreal [[performance art]], as a response to surrealism becoming mainstream.

The movement's violent theatrical events were designed to be shocking,<ref name="AMG">{{cite web | title=Alejandro Jodorowsky - Biography | url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/96113/Alejandro-Jodorowsky/biography | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118143712/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/96113/Alejandro-Jodorowsky/biography | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 November 2007 | department=Movies & TV Dept. | work=[[The New York Times]] | publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]] | author=Keith Phipps | date=2007 | accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> and to release destructive energies in search of peace and beauty.<ref>{{cite web | first=Molly | last=Grogan | title=Theater as therapy | work=Paris Voice | url=http://www.parisvoice.com/voicearchives/01/may/html/theater.html | accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> One four-hour performance known as ''Sacramental Melodrama'' was staged in May 1965 at the Paris Festival of Free Expression. The "happening" starred Jodorowsky dressed in motorcyclist leather and featured him slitting the throats of two geese, taping two snakes to his chest and having himself stripped and whipped. Other scenes included "naked women covered in honey, a crucified chicken, the staged murder of a rabbi, a giant vagina, the throwing of live turtles into the audience, and canned apricots."<ref name="AMG"/>

Arrabal and Jodorowsky later started to work also on film. Arrabal is well known for his films ''[[Viva la muerte (film)|Viva la muerte]]'' (1971) and ''[[I Will Walk Like a Crazy Horse]]'' (1973), while Jodorowsky achieved even more fame with ''[[Fando y Lis]]'' (1967), ''[[El Topo]]'' (1970) and ''[[The Holy Mountain (1973 film)|The Holy Mountain]]'' (1973). Jodorowsky dissolved the Panic Movement in 1973, after the release of Arrabal's book ''Le panique''.

== See also ==

* [[Christian Zeimert]] * [[Viennese Actionism]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== * Arrabal, Fernando (1973). ''Le Panique''. Paris: Union générale d'éditions (10/18). * Arrabal, Fernando, Jodorowsky, Alejandro, Topor, Roland (1978). ''Panico''. Italy: [[Pellicanolibri]] * Arrabal, Fernando (2006). ''Panique Manifeste pour le troisième millénaire''. Paris: Ed. Punctum. * Aranzueque-Arrieta, Frédéric (2008). ''Panique: Arrabal, Jodorowsky, Topor'' [essay]. L'Harmattan.

[[Category:Alejandro Jodorowsky]] [[Category:Roland Topor]] [[Category:Surrealist groups]] [[Category:French surrealist artists]] [[Category:French artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:1962 establishments in France]] [[Category:1973 disestablishments in France]]