Pamianthe

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |name = Peruvian daffodil |taxon = Pamianthe |authority=Stapf<ref name="POWO_296918-2" /><ref>Stapf, Otto 1933. Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette ser. 3. 93: 106</ref> |image = Pamianthe peruviana1CURTIS.jpg |image_caption = ''Pamianthe peruviana''<ref>1933 illustration from Botanical Magazine 156: plate 9315</ref> |type_species =''Pamianthe peruviana'' Stapf<ref name="Tropicos">''Pamianthe'' Stapf. (n.d.). Tropicos. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40000306</ref> |display_parents = 4 }}

'''''Pamianthe''''' is a genus of South American bulbous perennials in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref> They can be found in sandy, but rocky areas in Colombia,<ref name="Meer19" /> Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.<ref name="POWO_296918-2" /><ref>Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis</ref> thumb|Papery thin seeds of ''Pamianthe peruviana'' thumb|Germinating ''Pamianthe peruviana'' Stapf seed with emerging leaf ==Description== thumb|Immature ''Pamianthe peruviana'' Stapf bulb ===Generative characteristics=== The plants produce umbels of large, fragrant white flowers in the spring. They resemble daffodils, hence the common name Peruvian daffodil for at least one of the species. ''Pamianthe'' pollen grains are large and the surface structure is coarsely reticulate.<ref name="Meerow & Dehgan, 1988">Meerow, A. W., & Dehgan, B. (1988). Pollen Morphology of the Eucharideae (Amaryllidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 75(12), 1857–1870. https://doi.org/10.2307/2444740</ref> The winged, flattened seeds of ''Pamianthe'' have a brownish-black seed coat.<ref>Meerow, A. W., & Dehgan, B. (1985). The Auriculate Pollen Grain of Hymenocallis quitoensis Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) and its Systematic Implications. American Journal of Botany, 72(4), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.2307/2443586</ref>

==Taxonomy== It was published by Otto Stapf in 1933.<ref name="POWO_296918-2" /> The type species is ''Pamianthe peruviana'' {{au|Stapf}}.<ref name="Tropicos" /> It is placed in the tribe Clinantheae.<ref name="GRIN">USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=8780. Accessed 5 March 2025. </ref> ===Etymology=== The genus name ''Pamianthe'' honours Major Albert Pam who imported plants to the United Kingdom in 1928.<ref name="Meer19" /> ===Species=== {{As of|2019|July}}, Plants of the World Online accepts three species:<ref name="POWO_296918-2">{{cite web |title=''Pamianthe'' Stapf |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296918-2 |access-date=2019-07-03 }}</ref> *''Pamianthe ecollis'' Silverst., Meerow & Sánchez-Taborda – Colombia (Cauca)<ref name="Meer19">{{cite journal | last1=Meerow | first1=Alan W. | last2=Silverstone-Sopkin | first2=Philip A. | last3=Zuluaga-Tróchez | first3=Alejandro | last4=Sánchez-Taborda | first4=Jhon A. | title=A remarkable new species of Pamianthe (Amaryllidaceae) from the Department of Cauca, Colombia | journal=PhytoKeys | publisher=Pensoft Publishers | issue=115 | date=2019-01-17 | issn=1314-2003 | doi=10.3897/phytokeys.115.30755 | pages=73–82| pmid=30692867 | pmc=6345734 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Meerow Gardner Nakamura p. ">{{cite journal | last1=Meerow | first1=Alan W. | last2=Gardner | first2=Elliot M. | last3=Nakamura | first3=Kyoko | title=Phylogenomics of the Andean Tetraploid Clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a Polyploid Generic Radiation Abetted by Continental Geodynamics | journal=Frontiers in Plant Science | publisher=Frontiers Media SA | volume=11 | date=2020-11-05 | issn=1664-462X | doi=10.3389/fpls.2020.582422 | article-number=582422| pmid=33250911 | pmc=7674842 | doi-access=free }}</ref> * ''Pamianthe parviflora'' Meerow – Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) * ''Pamianthe peruviana'' Stapf (syn. ''Pamianthe cardenasii'') (Peruvian Daffodil) – Peru, Bolivia (Cochabamba)

;Formerly included<ref name="KewWC">{{Citation |author=WCSP |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do |access-date=2015-04-07 }}, search for "Pamianthe"</ref> see ''Leptochiton'' * ''Pamianthe andreana - Leptochiton quitoensis'' * ''Pamianthe quitoensis - Leptochiton quitoensis''

==Conservation== ''Pamianthe peruviana'' is believed to be extinct in the wild.<ref name="Kew, 2024">Kew's iconic Orchid festival returns for 2025 celebrating the spectacular flora and fauna of Peru. (2024, September 12). Kew. Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://www.kew.org/about-us/press-media/orchids-2025-announcement</ref> ''Pamianthe parviflora'' is classified as vulnerable (VU).<ref name="Oleas & Pitman, 2003">Oleas, N. & Pitman, N. 2003. ''Pamianthe parviflora''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T42808A10754194. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T42808A10754194.en. Accessed on 25 November 2024.</ref>

==Ecology== ===Pollination=== The flowers may possibly be moth-pollinated.<ref name="Meerow, 2010">Meerow, A. W. (2010). [https://www.academia.edu/download/33180166/Meerow-M4sm.pdf Convergence or reticulation? Mosaic evolution in the canalized American Amaryllidaceae.] Diversity, phylogeny and evolution in the monocotyledons, 145-168.</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Amaryllidaceae genera Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot