{{Short description|Extinct order of conifers}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Rhaetian|Aptian}} | image = Stachyotaxus.jpg | image_caption = Foliage of ''Stachyotaxus'' from the Late Triassic of Germany. | taxon = Palissyales | authority = Doweld 2001 | subdivision_ranks = Families and genera | subdivision = See text }}
'''Palissyales''' are an extinct order of conifers, known from the Mesozoic. They are best known from the genus ''Palissya'', which is found in Laurasia and Eastern Gondwana dating from the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous. The only other confirmed genus of the family, ''Stachyotaxus'' known from the Late Triassic of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus ''Knezourocarpon'' from the Jurassic of Australia has also been tentatively considered a member of the order.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Pattemore|first1=Gary A.|last2=Rozefelds|first2=Andrew C.|date=2019-12-01|title=Palissya – absolutely incomprehensible or surprisingly interpretable: a new morphological model, affiliations and phylogenetic insights|url=https://acpa.botany.pl/Palissya-absolutely-incomprehensible-or-surprisingly-interpretable-a-new-morphological,118455,0,2.html|journal=Acta Palaeobotanica|volume=59|issue=2|pages=181–214|doi=10.2478/acpa-2019-0015|issn=2082-0259|doi-access=free}}</ref> The cone of the best known genus ''Palissya'' is noted for its unusual construction, which is borne on a large bract (modified leaf), and consists of two parallel rows of ovules that run along the midline of the adaxial surface of the bract which are encased in cup-like structures formed by scales. The bracts are helically arranged around an axis, forming a compound catkin-like structure. The seeds are thin walled were likely only viable for a short period of time and were likely adapted to wind dispersal. ''Palissya'' has been considered in some respects to be similar to some Paleozoic Voltziales, as well as Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae.<ref name=":0" />
== Taxonomy ==
* Family: Palissyaceae <small>Florin 1958</small> ** ''Palissya'' <small>Endlicher 1847</small> Late Triassic - Early Cretaceous (Rhaetian-Aptian) ***''P. hunanensis'' Wang 2012 China (Hunan) Late Triassic (Rhaetian) ***''P. sphenolepis'' (Braun 1843) Nathorst 1908 emend. Florin 1958 Germany (Franconia) Sweden (Stabbarp), Poland, Canada, Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (Rhaetian-Hettangian) ***''P. harrisii'' C.R. Hill ex Pattemore & Rozefelds England (Yorkshire) Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) ***''P. bartrumii'' Edwards 1934 New Zealand Middle Jurassic (Callovian) ?Late Jurassic (?Tithonian) ***''P. elegans'' Parris et al. 1995 Australia (Victoria) Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) ***''P. tillackiorum'' Pattemore & Rozefelds, 2019 Australia (Queensland) Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) ***''Palissya sp.'' (Koonwarra) Australia (Victoria) Early Cretaceous (Aptian) ***''P. antarctica'' Cantrill 2000 Antarctica (Antarctic Peninsula) Early Cretaceous (Aptian) **''Stachyotaxus'' <small>Nathorst, 1886</small> Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Sweden, Greenland, Germany<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert|first1=Johanna H.A.|last2=Pott|first2=Christian|last3=Schmeißner|first3=Stefan|last4=Dütsch|first4=Günter|last5=Kustatscher|first5=Evelyn|date=May 2021|title=The Rhaetian flora of Wüstenwelsberg, Bavaria, Germany: Description of selected gymnosperms (Ginkgoales, Cycadales, Coniferales) together with an ecological assessment of the locally prevailing vegetation|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|language=en|volume=288|article-number=104398|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104398|doi-access=free|bibcode=2021RPaPa.28804398V }}</ref> **''Desmiophyllum''? <small>Lesquereux 1878</small> Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous UK, Germany, Romania, Spain, Italy, Portugal, China, Ukraine, Russia, Mongolia, Argentina(?)<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=van Konijnenburg-van Cittert |first1=J.H.A. |last2=Schmeißner |first2=S. |last3=D. |first3=G. |last4=Kustatscher |first4=E. |last5=Pott |first5=C. |date=2024-03-13 |title=Plant macrofossils from the Rhaetian of Einberg near Coburg (Bavaria, Germany). Part 3. Conifers, incertae sedis and general discussion |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=310 |issue=3 |pages=251–282 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2023/1182 |issn=0077-7749}}</ref> **''Ourostrobus''? <small>Harris 1935</small> Late Triassic (Rhaetian), Greenland, Germany<ref name=":1" /> **''Sphaerostrobus''? <small>Harris 1935</small> Late Triassic (Rhaetian), Greenland, Germany<ref name=":1" />
* Family ?Knezourocarponaceae Pattemore, Rigby & Playford 2014 ** ?''Knezourocarpon'' <small>Pattemore 2000</small> *** ''Knezourocarpon narangbaensis'' <small>Pattemore 2000</small> Queensland, Australia Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian), *** ''Knezourocarpon ovalis'' <small>(Parris et al. 1995)</small> Walloon Coal Measures, Australia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
==References == {{Reflist}}
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Category:Conifers Category:Prehistoric plant orders