{{Short description|Rockets and missiles in the Arab–Israeli conflict}} {{For|information pertaining to the wider conflict|Arab–Israeli conflict}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} {{Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel}} {{Campaignbox Second Intifada}} The '''Palestinian rocket arsenal''' used in the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] includes a wide range of rockets and missiles, varying in design, size and payload capacity. Palestinian rockets include those locally made in Gaza and the West Bank as well as weapons smuggled from Iran and Syria. Rockets are used in [[Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel|attacks on Israel]], mostly to target Israeli civilian centers<ref name=Haifa/> in addition to Israeli military posts. Various Palestinian groups have used rockets against Israel including [[Fatah]], [[Hamas]], [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|Islamic Jihad]], as well as left-wing groups.<ref name=sabarockets/> Rockets are one of the main [[Palestinian domestic weapons production|weapons produced by Palestinian militant]] and terrorist groups.
==Types of rockets== [[File:Rockets from gaza (en).png|250px|thumb|Range of Palestinian rockets (shot from Gaza)]] [[File:SderotBurningFactory1.JPG|250px|thumb|Sderot factory bursting into flames following rocket strike]]
* '''[[Al Nasser Rocket|al Nasser]]''' – used by [[Popular Resistance Committees]] and left-wing militant organizations<ref name=sabarockets/> ** ''[[al Nasser-3]]'' ** ''[[al Nasser-4]]'' * '''[[Al Quds rocket|al Quds]]''' – a homemade rocket used by Islamic Jihad<ref name=sabarockets>"[http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/07/22/israel-using-a-variety-of-weapons-in-gaza-assault Israel using a variety of weapons]." ''Daily Sabah''. 22 July 2014.</ref> **''Al Quds 101'' **''Al Quds 102'' * '''[[Arafat rocket|Arafat]]''' used by the [[Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade]] and Fatah, launched from the West Bank<ref name=sabarockets/><ref name=klienrocket/> ** ''Arafat 1'' ** ''Arafat 2'' * '''[[Aqsa-3 rocket|Aqsa-3]]''' – used by the [[Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade]] and Fatah<ref name=sabarockets/> * '''[[Bahaa rocket|Bahaa]]''' – developed by Al Aksa Martyrs Brigade, named after [[Saed Bahaa]], launched from West Bank<ref name=klienrocket>Klein, Aaron. "[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3249653,00.html Israel deliberately minimizing rocket threat?]." ''yNet News''. 11 May 2006.</ref> * '''Cenin''' – a rocket used by Fatah<ref name=sabarockets/> * '''[[Fajr-5]]''' – an Iranian artillery rocket first developed in the 1990s<ref>[http://vitalperspective.typepad.com/vital_perspective_clarity/north_korea/index.html Vital Perspective: North Korea.] Retrieved on 12 May 2008.</ref> *'''M-75''' – Gazan produced Fajr-5 rocket,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryedge.org/armaments/fajr-5/|title=333mm Fajr 5 (M-75)|date=28 October 2013|publisher=}}</ref> used in attacks on Tel Aviv, Israel's most populated city. Hamas has produced the M-75 rockets in local workshops using the drawings and documentation supplied by Iran. The location of the workshops is unknown, though Hamas has displayed their production on Gaza television stations.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/aug/13/hamas-rockets-cease-fire-israel-video Hamas produces rockets as fighting winds down]." ''The Guardian''. 13 August 2014.</ref><ref>"[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714851 M75 strikes Tel Aviv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074351/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714851 |date=6 October 2014 }}." ''Maan News'' Accessed 12 August 2014.</ref> * '''[[Jenin-1 rocket|Jenin-1]]''' – used by [[Fatah]] * '''[[Kafah rocket|Kafah]]''' – used by [[Fatah]] * '''[[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]]''' – an old term now used to denote the Soviet [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launcher and the type of rocket fired from it,<ref name=hamasarse>"[https://www.businessinsider.com/hamas-rocket-arsenal-2014-7 Hamas Rocket Arsenal]." ''Business Insider''. July 2014.</ref> first used in 2006 in a strike that killed two Israeli Bedouin Arabs; at the time the Katyusha's range exceeded the Qassam.<ref>"[http://www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4855056.stm Katushya fired from Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807212850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4855056.stm |date=7 August 2014 }}." ''BBC''. 28 March 2006.</ref> Soviet designation for the rocket originally was M-21-OF, later changed to 9M22. * '''[[Arash (rocket)|Arash]]''' - an Iranian development of the Grad rocket *'''KN-103''' – rocket referenced in threat by Fatah,<ref>"[http://www.i24news.tv/en/mobile#content/36830 ''Israel Channel 24 News''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612174417/http://www.i24news.tv/en/mobile |date=12 June 2015 }}." Accessed 12 August 2014.</ref> use and existence unknown *'''[[Khaibar-1|M-302]]''' (''M302''), Palestinian designation '''R160''' ('''R-160''') – a [[Weishi Rockets|Chinese designed]], Syrian made rocket, used in attacks on cities near Jerusalem<ref>"[https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Syrian-made-M302-rocket-fired-by-Hamas-at-Hadera-362008 Syrian made M302]." ''The Jerusalem Post''. Accessed 12 August 2014.</ref><ref>"[http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/middle-east-unrest/hamas-firing-china-designed-syria-made-m-302-rockets-israel-n152461 Hamas firing chia designed rockets]." ''NBC News''. Accessed 12 August 2014.</ref><ref>"[http://m.ibtimes.com/long-range-hamas-rockets-are-evidence-ties-syria-iran-israelis-say-1624646 Long range Hamas rockets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111218/http://m.ibtimes.com/long-range-hamas-rockets-are-evidence-ties-syria-iran-israelis-say-1624646 |date=6 October 2014 }}." ''IBTimes''. 10 August 2014.</ref> and Haifa<ref name=Haifa>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/10955377/Hamas-fires-rockets-at-Tel-Aviv-and-Jerusalem.html Rocket attacks Haifa]." ''The Telegraph''. Accessed 12 August 2014.</ref> *'''[[Qassam rocket|Qassam]]''' (or '''Kassam''') – a Gazan produced rocket used by Hamas<ref name=hamasarse/> **''Qassam 1'' – weighs 35 kilograms and is 180 centimeters long<ref name=Qassampolicy>"[http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/prr/qassams.php What are Qassams?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414193851/http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/prr/qassams.php |date=14 April 2009 }}." Jewish policy center.</ref> **''Qassam 2'' – weighs 40 kilograms and is 180 centimeters long<ref name=Qassampolicy/> **''Qassam 3'' – weighs 50 kilograms and is 220 centimeters long<ref name=Qassampolicy/> **''Qassam 4'' – weighs 40–50 kilograms and is 244 centimeters long<ref name=Qassampolicy/> * [[Saria rocket|Saria-2]] – used by [[Tanzim]] * [[Sumoud]] – in use by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] * [[Ayyash-250]] - with a range of 250 km (155 miles) - used by [[Hamas]]<ref name="wilson">{{cite web|last1=Hinz|first1=Fabian|title=Iran Transfers Rockets to Palestinian Groups|date=May 19, 2021|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/irans-rockets-palestinian-groups|publisher=Wilson Center|accessdate=October 20, 2023}}</ref> * '''[[Badr-3]]''' - unveiled by [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] in 2019, carries a 300–400 kg warhead <ref name="wilson"/>
===Anti-tank missiles=== * '''[[Yasin (RPG)|Yasin RPG]]''' – used by [[Hamas]] * '''[[Al-Bana|al Bana RPG]]''' – used and developed by [[Hamas]], in use by other factions * '''[[Batar|al Batar RPG]]''' – used and developed by [[Hamas]], in use by other factions
===Rocket launchers=== * '''[[Al Quds 3|al Quds-3 Multiple Rocket Launcher]]''' – in use by [[Hamas]] & [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement|Islamic Jihad]]
==Impact== {{Main|Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel#Effects}} {{update section|date=October 2023}} {{As of|2014|7}} Palestinian attacks on Israel using rockets have killed 28 people, mostly civilians, and injured more than 1,900 people, but their main effect is their creation of widespread [[psychological trauma]] and disruption of daily life among the Israeli populace.<ref name=BBC_catandmouse>Martin Patience, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7270168.stm Playing cat and mouse with Gaza rockets], BBC News 28 February 2008</ref> Medical studies in [[Sderot]], the Israeli city closest to the Gaza Strip, have documented a [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] incidence among young children of almost 50%, as well as high rates of [[major depressive disorder|depression]] and [[miscarriage]].<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Health/Article.aspx?id=304334 Report: Missiles on Sderot increase miscarriages], Jerusalem Post 24 February 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3739071,00.html Study: Half of Sderot's toddlers suffering from PTSD], Ynet News 30 June 2009</ref><ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/2012-11-20/ty-article/.premium/half-of-sderot-teens-have-ptsd/0000017f-e6f4-d97e-a37f-f7f519510000 Israeli survey: Almost half of Sderot preteens show symptoms of PTSD], Haaretz 20 November 2012</ref>
Israel [[Iron Dome]] is Israel's first line of defense against Palestinian rockets, demonstrating an effectiveness of around 90%.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/09/world/iron-dome-israel-defense-explained-intl-dg/index.html Iron Dome, explained]</ref>
==See also== *[[Palestinian rocket attacks]]
==References== {{reflist}}
[[Category:Rocket weapons of Palestine| ]] [[Category:Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]