{{Short description|Palestinian Authority unity government}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox government cabinet | cabinet_name = Second Haniyeh Government | flag = Flag of Palestine.svg | flag_border = true | cabinet_number = 11th | jurisdiction = Palestine | image = {{multiple image | align = center | total_width = 250 | image_gap = 5 | caption_align = center | image_style = border:none; | image1 = Mahmoud Abbas 2007.jpg | caption1 = | image2 = Ismail Haniyeh.jpg | caption2 = | border = infobox}} | caption = Mahmoud Abbas and Ismail Haniyeh, respectively President and prime minister of Palestine in 2007 | date_formed = 17 March 2007 | date_dissolved = 14 June 2007 | government_head = Ismail Haniyeh | state_head = Mahmoud Abbas | previous = First Haniyeh Government | successor = Salam Fayyad Emergency Government<br>Hamas government of June 2007 | election = | legislature_term = Palestinian Legislative Council (2006–2010) | opposition_party = | opposition_leader = | members_number = 25 | total_number = | former_members_number = | political_party = | opposition = | election2 = | legislature_term2 = | opposition_party2 = | opposition_leader2 = | members_number2 = | total_number2 = | former_members_number2 = | political_party2 = | opposition2 = }} {{Politics of Palestine}}
The '''Second Haniyeh Government''', also known as the '''Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007''' ({{langx|ar|المجلس الفلسطيني لآذار 17 2007}}), was a Palestinian Authority unity government headed by Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority that was formed on 17 March 2007 and dissolved on 14 June 2007.<ref name=arabnews/>
The Unity Government was formed on 17 March 2007 following negotiations in Mecca, but due to failing international support (because it did not meet the conditions required by the Quartet on the Middle East), it was short-lived. Israel immediately rejected the Government and said it will deal with Abbas, but not with the new government unless it recognizes the Jewish state. Israeli officials said they would try to persuade the world not to deal with the government.<ref name=arabnews/>
The Government was dissolved by President Mahmoud Abbas on 14 June 2007 after the Hamas takeover of Gaza.
== Background == Hamas decisively won the 2006 Palestinian legislative election held on 25 January 2006. Israel and the Quartet on the Middle East had previously stated that their continued aid to and dialogue with the PA under a Hamas government was conditional on Hamas agreeing to three conditions: recognition of Israel, the disavowal of violent actions, and acceptance of previous agreements between Israel and the PA, including the Oslo Accords. Haniya refused to accept these conditions. On the day the First Haniyeh Government was sworn in, on 29 March, Israel and the Quartet stopped all dialogue with the PA and especially any member of the Hamas government, ceased providing aid to the PA and imposed sanctions against the PA under Hamas.<ref name="John Pike">{{cite web|author=John Pike|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hamas.htm|title=Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=27 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909191643/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hamas.htm|archive-date=9 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Israel had also withheld the transfers of PA revenues for more than a year.<ref name=unctad-2015>[http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdb62d3_en.pdf ''Report on UNCTAD assistance to the Palestinian people: Developments in the economy of the Occupied Palestinian Territory''], para 9-24. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 6 July 2015 (doc.nr. TD/B/62/3). [http://unctad.org/en/Pages/PressRelease.aspx?OriginalVersionID=260 Source]</ref><ref name=alhaq_seizure_of_tax>[http://www.alhaq.org/publications/publications-index?task=callelement&format=raw&item_id=111&element=304e4493-dc32-44fa-8c5b-57c4d7b529c1&method=download ''Israel’s retaliatory seizure of tax''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205213055/http://www.alhaq.org/publications/publications-index?task=callelement&format=raw&item_id=111&element=304e4493-dc32-44fa-8c5b-57c4d7b529c1&method=download |date=5 February 2017 }}, pp. 10-11. Al-Haq, 1 April 2015. [http://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/targets/accountability/81-general/908-israels-%20retaliatory-seizure-of-tax-a-war-crime-to-punish-palestinian-icc-membership Here available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205213055/http://www.alhaq.org/publications/publications-index?task=callelement&format=raw&item_id=111&element=304e4493-dc32-44fa-8c5b-57c4d7b529c1&method=download |date=5 February 2017 }}</ref>
President Abbas and the Fatah-dominated PLO developed a plan to replace the Hamas government with one acceptable to Israel and the international community. According to the plan, unveiled in Al Jazeera's Palestine Papers, a national unity government would be formed to prepare early presidential and legislative elections by mid-2007. If the establishment of a government meeting the Quartet's conditions failed, Abbas would dismiss the government and form an emergency government or call early elections. An "Action Plan Leading to Early Elections" envisioned a strong enlargement of Fatah's Presidential Guard, internal reform of Fatah, empowering of presidential institutions, resumption of aid by the international community through the President's Office, and the end of withholding of taxes by Israel.<ref name=PalestinianVision>{{cite web|author=<!--not stated-->|title=Palestinian Vision for Resolving the Current PA Crisis (Draft #6)|date=30 October 2006|publisher=Al Jazeera|department=Investigations|series=The Palestine Papers|location=Doha, Qatar|url=http://www.thepalestinepapers.com/en/projects/thepalestinepapers/2012182245231783.html|access-date=15 October 2023|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020211106/http://www.thepalestinepapers.com/en/projects/thepalestinepapers/2012182245231783.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ICG20061005>{{cite report|author=International Crisis Group|title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict: To Reach a Lasting Peace (Crisis Group Middle East Report N°58)|pages=3–4|publisher=International Crisis Group|location=Brussels, Belgium|date=5 October 2006|url=https://icg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/58-the-arab-israeli-conflict-to-reach-a-lasting-peace.pdf}}</ref>
==Timeline== On 25 January 2006, Hamas won the elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC).
On 29 March 2006, the First Haniyeh-led PA government was sworn in. Israel, the United States, the European Union and several other countries impose sanctions against the PA, including suspension of all international aid.
On 17 June 2006, a ''temporary international mechanism'' was created to channel aid to Palestinians bypassing the Hamas-led PA government, including paying aid funds directly to the accounts of President Abbas.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4976368.stm US "Blocks" Palestinian Aid Plan], BBC News; [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5091460.stm Powers agree Palestinian Aid Plan], BBC News; [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4756407.stm Palestinians to Get Interim Aid], BBC News</ref>
On 8 February 2007, negotiations resulted in the Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement to form a Palestinian national unity government.<ref name="ICG62">[http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas Middle East Report No. 62: After Mecca: Engaging Hamas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903112003/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas |date=3 September 2012 }}, International Crisis Group (26 February 2007).</ref> The agreement was signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and by Khaled Mashal on behalf of Hamas.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/feb/08/israel Palestinian rivals sign power-sharing deal], Associated Press (8 February 2007).</ref> The agreement also contained a "letter of commission" from Abbas to Haniyeh, calling on Haniyeh as premier of the next government to achieve Palestinian national goals as approved by the Palestine National Council, the Basic Law and the National Reconciliation Document (the Prisoners' Document) as well as the decisions of the Arab summit.<ref name="ICG62"/>
On 17 March 2007, Haniyeh presented the national unity government to the PLC,<ref name=hanieh_speech_2007_gov>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121061018/http://www.jmcc.org/politics/pna/haniehspeechmar07.htm ''PM Hanieh Speech before the PLC March 17, 2007'']. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009</ref> which was approved 83–3. At the time, 41 of the 132 members of the PLC were in Israeli detention.<ref name=arabnews/> The 25 ministers were sworn in the next day by President Abbas.<ref name=arabnews>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/296042 ''Palestinians OK Unity Govt'']. Arab News, 18 March 2007</ref><ref name=cabinet_list_2007>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091004160858/http://www.jmcc.org/politics/pna/pagovmar07.htm ''The PA Ministerial Cabinet List—The National Unity Government March 2007'']. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009</ref> The program of the national unity government included ending the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and recognizing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people, and the establishment of the independent Palestinian state with full sovereignty within the 1967 borders, with al-Quds as its capital,<ref name=arabnews/> implementation of the Cairo Agreement pertaining to the PLO, and commitment to the Palestinian right of return.<ref name=hanieh_speech_2007_gov/> Israel rejected the new government.
Between 10 and 14 June 2007, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip after fierce battles between Fatah and Hamas.<ref>Haaretz/Associated Press, 10 June 2007, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100825164924/http://www.haaretz.com/news/palestinian-gunmen-target-haniyeh-s-home-in-gaza-1.222703 ''Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza'']. On web.archive.org</ref><ref>Guardian, 15 June 2007, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/15/israel4 ''Hamas takes control of Gaza'']</ref>
On 14 June 2007, President Abbas declared a state of emergency by presidential decree, and dismissed the Haniyeh-led unity government.<ref name=jmcc_presidential_decrees>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012102508/http://jmcc.org/goodgovern/07/eng/presidentdecrees07.htm ''Presidential Decrees Issued on June - July 2007'']. JMCC, archived on 12 October 2007</ref> He appointed an emergency government led by Salam Fayyad and controversially suspended articles of the Basic Law to dispense with the need for PLC approval of the new government.<ref name=jmcc_presidential_decrees/><ref name=fox_disolve>{{cite news|title=Abbas Dissolves Palestinian Authority Government in Wake of Hamas-Fatah War|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,282195,00.html|date=14 June 2007|accessdate=14 June 2007|publisher=Fox News}}</ref><ref name=telegraph_dissolve>{{cite news|first=Charles|last=Levinson|author2=Matthew Moore|title=Abbas declares state of emergency in Gaza|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/14/wgaza614.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618102009/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/14/wgaza614.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2007 |date=14 June 2007|accessdate=14 June 2007|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref name=bbc_dissolve>{{cite news|title=Abbas sacks Hamas-led government |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6754499.stm|date=14 June 2007|access-date=14 June 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> The Fayyad government was swiftly recognized by the international community. Haniyeh and Hamas have refused to accept the dismissal, and continues to claim it is the legitimate caretaker government of the Palestinian Authority on the basis that the PLC, which continues to be controlled by Hamas, has not approved the new government.
==Members of the Government== '''March to June 2007'''<ref name=cabinet_list_2007/>
{|class="wikitable sortable" |-style="background:#99ee88;" | |'''Minister''' |'''Office''' |'''Party''' |- | 1|| Ismail Hanieh |Prime Minister |Hamas |- | 2|| Azzam al-Ahmad |Deputy Prime Minister |Fatah |- | 3|| Salam Fayyad |Finance Minister |Third Way |- | 4|| Ziad Abu Amr |Foreign Affairs Minister |Independent |- | 5|| Talab al-Qawasmi |Interior Minister |Independent |- | 6|| Nasser Eddin al-Sha'er |Education Minister |Hamas |- | 7|| Mustafa al-Barghouthi |Information |Palestinian National Initiative |- | 8|| Bassam al-Salhi |Culture |Palestinian People's Party |- | 9|| Radwan al-Akhras |Health |Fatah |- | 10|| Sa'di al-Krunz |Transport |Fatah |- | 11|| Mahmoud Aloul |Labour |Fatah |- | 12|| Saleh Zeidan |Social Affairs |Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |- | 13|| Taysir Abu Sneineh |Prisoners' Affairs |Fatah |- | 14|| Samir Abu Eisheh |Planning |Hamas |- | 15|| Mohammed al-Barghouthi |Local Government |Hamas |- | 16|| Ziad al-Zaza |Economic Affairs |Hamas |- | 17|| Basem Naim |Youth and Sports |Hamas |- | 18|| Yousef al-Mansi |Telecommunications and Information Technology |Hamas |- | 19|| Mohammed al-Agha |Agriculture |Hamas |- | 20|| Khouloud D'eibes |Tourism |Independent |- | 21|| Samih al-Abed |Public Works |Fatah |- | 22|| Ali al-Sartawi |Justice |Hamas |- | 23|| Hussein Tartouri |Waqf and Religious Affairs |Hamas |- | 24|| Amal Syam |Woman Affairs |Hamas |- | 25|| Wasfi Kabha |State |Hamas |}
==See also== * Palestinian government
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Palestinian governments}} {{Hamas}}
Haniyeh 02 Category:2007 establishments in Palestine Category:2007 disestablishments in Palestine Category:Cabinets established in 2007 Category:Cabinets disestablished in 2007 Government 2 Category:Coalition governments in Asia