{{Infobox software |name = PS Power and Sample Size Calculator |logo = PS Power & Sample Size logo.png |screenshot = |caption = |developer = [https://www.vumc.org/biostatistics/person/william-d-dupont W.D. Dupont] & [http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/Main/DalePlummer W.D. Plummer] |latest_release_version = 3.1.2 |latest_release_date = August 2014 |operating_system = Windows. Also on Apple and Linux under Wine. Also available as an online tool.<ref>http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/Main/PowerSampleSize#Web_45based_Program {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> |genre = Power & sample size calculations
|license = Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License |website = [https://github.com/vubiostat/ps GitHub] }}
'''PS'' ''''' is an interactive computer program for performing statistical power and sample size calculations.''' '''<ref name=":2">Dupont WD, Plummer WD: "Power and Sample Size Calculations: A Review and Computer Program", Controlled Clinical Trials 1990; 11:116-28.</ref><ref name=":0">Dupont WD, Plummer WD: "Power and Sample Size Calculations for Studies Involving Linear Regression", Controlled Clinical Trials 1998; 19:589-601.</ref><ref>Dupont WD and Plummer WD: PS power and sample size program available for free on the Internet. Controlled Clin Trials,1997;18:274</ref>
== Program description ==
The P program can be used for studies with dichotomous, continuous, or survival response measures. The user specifies the alternative hypothesis in terms of differing response rates, means, survival times, relative risks, or odds ratios. Matched or independent study designs may be used. Power, sample size, and the detectable alternative hypothesis are interrelated. The user specifies any two of these three quantities and the program derives the third. A description of each calculation, written in English, is generated and may be copied into the user's documents. Interactive help is available. The program provides methods that are appropriate for matched and independent t-tests,<ref name=":2" /> survival analysis,<ref name=":7">Schoenfeld DA, Richter JR: "Nomograms for Calculating the Number of Patients Needed for a Clinical Trial With Survival as an Endpoint" Biometrics 1982; 38:163-170.</ref> matched<ref name=":4">Dupont, WD: "Power Calculations for Matched Case-Control Studies", Biometrics, 1988; 44:1157-1168.</ref> and unmatched<ref name=":3">Casagrande JT, Pike MC, Smith PG: "An Improved Approximate Formula for Calculating Sample Sizes for Comparing Two Binomial Distributions", Biometrics, 1978; 34:483-486.</ref><ref name=":6">Schlesselman JJ: Case-control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York: Oxford U. Press; 1982:144-152.</ref> studies of dichotomous events, the Mantel-Haenszel test,<ref name=":8">Wittes J, Wallenstein S: "The Power of the Mantel-Haenszel Test" J Am Stat Assoc, 1987; 82:1104-1109.</ref> and linear regression.<ref name=":0" /> The program can generate graphs of the relationships between power, sample size and the detectable alternative hypothesis. It can plot graphs of any two of these variables while holding the third constant. Linear or logarithmic axes may be used and multiple curves can be plotted on each graph. Graphs may be copied and pasted into other documents or programs for further editing.
== Reviews ==
Reviews of this program have been published by McCrum-Gardner,<ref>McCrum-Gardner, E: "Sample size and power calculations made simple." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2010; 17:10-14.[http://www.uv.es/uvetica/files/McCrum_Gardner2010.pdf]</ref> Thomas and Krebs,<ref>Thomas L, Krebs CJ. "A Review of Statistical Power Analysis Software." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 1997; 78(2):126-39. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20168137]</ref> Stawicki<ref>Stawicki, SPA: "RESEARCH GUIDE:Guide to free statistical software: General applications." OPUS 12 Scientist, 2010; 4:12-13.[http://journal.opus12.org/o12-ojs/ojs-2.1.1/index.php/o12sci/article/viewFile/275/110]</ref> and Pezzullo.<ref>Pezzullo, JC: "Free Statistical Software" [http://statpages.org/javasta2.html] Retrieved August 28, 2013</ref>
== Web version == A web-based version of the program is also available at [https://cqsclinical.app.vumc.org/ps/ https://cqsclinical.app.vumc.org/ps/].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://github.com/vubiostat/ps PS Webpage] * P<sup>3</sup>G [http://www.p3g.org/biobank-toolkit/power-and-sample-size-calculator-ps : Public Population Project in Genomics and Society] * [https://www.ctspedia.org/do/view/CTSpedia/VanderbiltPowerSampleSize CTSpedia] * [http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/biostat/sampsize.html?iframe=tr#PS UCSF Biostatistics]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://ps-power-and-sample-size-calculation.software.informer.com Software Informer]
{{Statistical software}}
Category:Statistical software