PSA TU engine

{{Infobox automobile engine | name = TU/EC engine | image = Peugeot 206 1999 Hatchback 1.1 TU1JP(HFZ) 10.JPG | configuration = [[Naturally aspirated]] [[Straight-four engine|Inline-4]] | manufacturer = [[PSA Peugeot Citroën]] | production = {{Start date|1986|10}} – {{End date|2014|12}} | predecessor = [[PSA-Renault X-Type engine]] [[Simca Poissy engine]] | successor = [[Prince engine|PSA EP engine (Prince engine)]] (for TU engines) [[Ford DLD engine]] (for TUD engines) | caption = TU1JP engine in a 1999 [[Peugeot 206]] | fueltype = [[Petrol engine|Petrol]] or [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] | fuelsystem = [[Solex Carburetor|Solex]] or [[Weber carburetor]]s [[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|Central fuel injection]] [[Multi point injection]] [[Indirect injection]] (Diesel engines) | coolingsystem = [[Radiator (engine cooling)|Water-cooled]] | management = [[Magneti Marelli]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] or [[Lucas Industries|Lucas]] | block = Aluminium, Cast iron | head = Aluminium | valvetrain = {{ubl | [[SOHC]] 8-valve | [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve#Four valves|16-valve]], available [[variable valve timing|VVT]] }} | displacement = {{ubl |{{cvt|954|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}|{{cvt|1124|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}|{{cvt|1294|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}|{{cvt|1360|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}|{{cvt|1527|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}|{{cvt|1587|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} }} | bore = {{ubl |{{cvt|70|mm|2}}|{{cvt|72|mm|2}}|{{cvt|75|mm|2}}|{{cvt|77|mm|2}}|{{cvt|78.5|mm|2}} }} | stroke = {{ubl |{{cvt|62|mm|2}}|{{cvt|69|mm|2}}|{{cvt|73|mm|2}}|{{cvt|77|mm|2}}|{{cvt|82|mm|2}} }} | power = {{cvt|45–125|PS|kW hp|0}} | emissions level = [[Euro III]], [[Euro IV]] | emissions control = [[Catalytic converter]] }}

The '''TU''' family of small [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] [[Reciprocating engine|piston engines]] by [[PSA Peugeot Citroën]] were introduced in 1986 and used in the [[Peugeot]] and [[Citroën]] range of cars. It was first installed in the [[Citroën AX]] in October 1986, replacing the [[PSA X engine|X family]], although it shared many components with its predecessor. The TU was available in either petrol or a naturally aspirated [[Diesel engine|diesel]] variant, the latter called TUD.

The TU engine was distantly related to the older X-Type engine – sharing a similar [[overhead camshaft]] architecture, but the key differences are the [[belt drive]]n [[camshaft]] (the X is [[chain drive]]n), and that the TU is mounted in a conventional upright position with a separate, end-on mounted transmission and unequal length [[drive shaft]]s. The X engine, by comparison, had an integral transmission mounted on the side of the [[crankcase]] (giving rise to its popular nickname the "suitcase engine"), sharing a common oil supply and was mounted almost lying flat on its side within the car.

After the engine debuted in the Citroën AX in 1986, it quickly began replacing the X engine in most of its remaining applications – the Peugeot 205, Citroën BX and Citroën C15 had all transitioned by 1988 whilst it replaced the Simca "Poissy" engine in the [[Peugeot 309]] in 1991. It was also used in the following cars: Citroën: AX, Saxo, C2, C3, C4, BX, ZX, Xsara, Nemo and Berlingo. Peugeot: 106, 206, 207, 306, 307, 405, Bipper, Partner and Hoggar, the Iranian [[Peugeot 405]] and [[Peugeot Pars]] as well as the [[IKCO Runna]].

The TUD engine was only used in 11 cars of which 6 were non-PSA models: the Citroën AX, Citroën Saxo, Citroën Xsara; Peugeot 106, Rover Metro/100-series, Nissan Micra, Maruti Suzuki Zen D/Di and Maruti Suzuki Esteem D/Di and [[IKCO Samand]]{{cn|date=December 2025}}, and the [[Tata Indigo]] 1.4 TD. The Tata's is a smaller version of the TUD engine, based on the 1.5D.

PSA has now stopped production of original TU engines, although the closely related EC engine family is still in production for emerging markets such as China and Russia and available in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre versions.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for 2.0 litre EC engine|date=September 2023}}

The [[IKCO EF engines]], jointly developed by [[Iran Khodro]] and F.E.V GmbH of Germany, are closely related to the TU engines.

==TU9==

The TU9 was the entry-level version, used in a variety of cars including the [[Citroën AX]], [[Citroën Saxo|Saxo]], [[Peugeot 205]] and [[Peugeot 106|106]]. It had a displacement of {{cvt|954|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, with a [[bore (engine)|bore]] and a [[stroke (engine)|stroke]] of {{cvt|70x62|mm|in|2}}. Power was initially {{cvt|45|PS|kW hp|0}}, but it was increased to {{cvt|50|PS|kW hp|0}} in 1992, with the adoption of [[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|central fuel injection]] and a [[catalytic converter]]. Production was stopped in the Citroën Saxo and Peugeot 106 with the introduction of [[Euro III]] in 2001. Early versions of this engine suffered premature piston failure which were of a special fuel-saving low-friction design. Symptoms were piston slap, especially with a cold engine, excessive oil consumption and exhaust smoke. PSA repaired the affected vehicles under warranty. This involved fitting a revised piston design and replacement liners.

{| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Notes |- |TU9 M/Z||{{cvt|50|PS|kW hp|0}}||Fuel injection catalyst |- |TU9/K||{{cvt|45|PS|kW hp|0}}||1-bbl [[carburettor]] |}

==TU1==

The TU1 has a displacement of {{cvt|1124|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, with a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|72x69|mm|2}}. Power was initially {{cvt|55|PS|kW hp|0}}, but it was increased to {{cvt|60|PS|kW hp|0}} in 1992, with the adoption of central fuel injection and a catalytic converter. The introduction of [[Euro III]] led to the adoption of [[multi point injection]], but power remained the same (although there was a small torque increase). This engine was the entry-level option in the [[Citroën C2]] and [[Citroën C3|C3]] and [[Peugeot 206]]. {| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Notes |- |TU1 F2/K||rowspan=3|{{cvt|60|PS|kW hp|0}}||1-bbl carburettor |- |TU1 JP||rowspan=2|Fuel injection catalyst |- |TU1 M, TU1 M/Z |- |TU1/K||{{cvt|55|PS|kW hp|0}}||1-bbl carburettor |}

==TU2== There are two engines in this series, both developed for competition use, the first is carburettor fed (TU24) based on the TU1 and the second has electronic fuel injection (TU2) based on the TU3.

The TU24 has a displacement of {{cvt|1294|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, with a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|75x73|mm|2}}. Power was initially {{cvt|95|PS|kW hp|0}}, powering the Citroën AX Sport using Solex carburettors, but a slightly more powerful version of the TU24 was developed for the Peugeot 205 Rallye with a longer [[intake manifold]] and slightly larger venturi size in the [[Weber carburetor]]s.

The later TU2 version with {{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}} was created in 1992 for the Peugeot 106 Rallye, with the adoption of a [[Magneti Marelli]] fuel injection system and a catalytic converter. This version in the 106 Rallye uses the taller TU3 aluminium block, different con rod lengths and pistons. The aluminium heads also differ slightly in port location and with different camshafts.

{| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Notes |- |TU24 (M4A)||{{cvt|95|PS|kW hp|0}}||twin 2-bbl carb [[Solex Carburetor|Solex]] ADDHE 40 / Weber DCOM 40 |- |TU24 (M2A)||{{cvt|103|PS|kW hp|0}}||twin 2-bbl carb Weber DCOM 40 |- |TU2 J2/Z (MFZ)||{{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}}||Fuel injection, catalyst |}

=={{anchor|TU3|1360}}TU3== [[File:Peugeot 205 TU3 MZ.JPG|thumb|right|A TU3 in a Peugeot 205]] [[File:Citroën_C3_TU3_engine.JPG|thumb|right|A TU3 in a Citroën C3]]

The TU3 has a displacement of {{cvt|1360|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, with a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|75x77|mm|2}}.<ref name=PS90>{{citation | type = catalog | title = Gamme Peugeot 1990 | language = sv | page = 9 | date = 1989 | location = Johanneshov, Sweden | publisher = AB Autogruppen }}</ref> This engine has been one of the most used by the PSA Group, with applications in superminis, compacts and midsize cars, including a stint in [[motorsport|competition]] use in the Citroën AX GT Cup and the Citroën AX GTI Cup, held in many European countries throughout the early 1990s in both [[touring car racing|circuit racing]] and [[rallying]].

In its early years, it was available with either a single or double barrel carburettor, with fuel injection introduced in 1990 for the AX GTI and 106 XSi, capable of delivering {{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6600 rpm. The carburettor versions gave way to fuel injection in 1992, while the sports version was retired in 1996.

{| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Fuel feed !Notes |- |TU3 A||{{cvt|65|PS|kW hp|0}}||1-bbl carburettor||not in use{{clarify|date=February 2023}} |- |TU3 A||{{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}}||2-bbl carburettor catalyst|| |- |TU3 A/K||{{cvt|70|PS|kW hp|0}}||1-bbl carburettor|| |- |TU3 F2/K||{{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}}||2-bbl carburettor|| |- |TU3 FJ2/K||{{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}}||Fuel injection|| |- |TU3 FJ2/Z||{{cvt|95|PS|kW hp|0}}||rowspan=4|Fuel injection catalyst|| |- |TU3 JP (KFW)||{{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}}||Iran and China since 2007 |- |TU3 M||{{cvt|80|PS|kW hp|0}}<ref name=PS90/> ||Sweden/Switzerland |- |TU3 M/Z||{{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}}|| |- |TU3 S||{{cvt|85|PS|kW hp|0}}||2-bbl carburettor|| |}

==ET3==

A [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve#Four valves|16-valve]] version of the 1360 cc [[#TU3|TU3]] with [[variable valve timing]] was introduced in 2004 with the [[Peugeot 206]] Quiksilver Edition. However, this version was named ET3, possibly as a prelude for the new PSA/BMW [[Prince engine]] family. {| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Notes |- |ET3 J4 (KFU)||{{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}}||Fuel injection, catalyst |}

=={{anchor|TU5|EC5|1587}}TU5/EC5==

The TU5 has a displacement of {{cvt|1587|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, with a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|78.5x82|mm|2}}. It was initially available in 8- and 16-valve configuration, but only the DOHC 16V option remains. The block is made of cast iron and the head is aluminium. Power is {{cvt|109|PS|kW hp|0}} in most current applications, the same as the [[Ford DLD engine#DLD-416|DV6]] 1.6 L Diesel engine, although a sporty {{cvt|125|PS|kW hp|0}} version was used to power the Citroën C2 VTS. The TU5 has been used in motorsports by both Citroën and Peugeot. This engine (JP+ version) was also installed in the [[Yugo Florida]] from 2002 until 2008.

The latest application is in the [[Citroën C-Elysée]] and [[Peugeot 301]] where it is renamed "EC5". For the Chinese market the engine is named N6A 10FXA3A PSA and produces {{cvt|88|PS|kW hp|0}}.

The ME16 is a 1.6-liter naturally aspirated 4-cylinder engine manufactured by Megamotor, an Iranian subsidiary of [[SAIPA]]. It is essentially a modernized and redesigned evolution of the TU5 engine (specifically the TU5JP4).

{| class="wikitable" !Model !Output !Notes |- |TU5 J2/L3 (NFW)||{{cvt|105|PS|kW hp|0}}||Fuel injection catalyst |- |TU5 J4 (NFX)||{{cvt|120|PS|kW hp|0}}||rowspan=3|16-valve catalyst |- |TU5 JP4 (NFU)||{{cvt|110|PS|kW hp|0}} |- |TU5 JP4S (NFS)||{{cvt|125|PS|kW hp|0}} |- |TU5 JP/L4 (NFT) ||{{cvt|98|PS|kW hp|0}}||rowspan=3|Fuel injection catalyst |- |TU5 JP+ (NFV) ||{{cvt|95|PS|kW hp|0}} |- |TU5 JP (NFR/NFZ)||{{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0}} |- |EC5 (NFN)||{{cvt|122|PS|kW hp|0}}|| rowspan="2" |16-valve catalyst with [[VTi Engine|VTi]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2012 |title=Moteur EC5 Peugeot 301 — 1.6l VTi 16V 115 ch — Fiche Technique — Féline |url=http://www.feline.cc/dossiers/motorisations/ec5/ |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=www.feline.cc |language=fr-FR}}</ref> |- |EC5 F/PG (NFP)||{{cvt|116|PS|kW hp|0}} |- |TU5P||{{cvt|115|PS|kW hp|0}} |16-valve catalyst with [[Variable valve timing|CVVT]] |}

TU5 JP+ (NFV) and TU5 JP/L4 (NFT) are almost same engines, but with slight differences.

=={{anchor|TUD|TUD3|TUD5}} TUD3==

The '''TUD3''' was the diesel variant of the TU3 and shared that engine's {{cvt|1360|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} displacement as well as the bore and stroke of {{cvt|75x77|mm|2}}. An [[indirect injection]] diesel with mechanical pump ([[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] or [[Lucas Industries|Lucas]] variants depending on model and year). It initially used the alloy cylinder block of the TU3 with stronger [[Engine block#Cylinder liners|wet liner]]s. This was thus called TUD3. This engine was particularly prone to early head gasket failure. In the early [[Citroën AX]]14D a few engines were needing gasket replacement before the first service. Most TUD3 engines required attention at some point. Built from 1988 until 1994, it was replaced by the larger, iron-block TUD5 in which these issues were resolved.

;Applications: * [[Citroën AX]] 14D – 1988–1994 * [[Citroën ZX]] 1.4 D – 1996–1998 (Portugal only){{cn|date=December 2025}} * [[Peugeot 106]] 1.4 D – 1995–2004 * [[Austin Metro#Rover 100|Rover Metro 1.4 D]] – 1992–1994

=={{anchor|TUD5|1527}} TUD5== The larger '''TUD5''' arrived in 1994; it displaces {{cvt|1527|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} from a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|77x82|mm|in|2}}. It had a stronger iron block, coupled with an alloy cylinder head.<ref name=PSATUD5>{{citation | url = https://engine-cemberci.biz.tr/engine/PEUGEOT/6.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20251224163615/https://engine-cemberci.biz.tr/engine/PEUGEOT/6.pdf | archivedate = 2025-12-24 | title = TUD5 Diesel Engine | publisher = Peugeot Citroën Moteurs | location = Nanterre, France | date = 1994 }}</ref> An indirect injection diesel engine with Ricardo "Advanced Comet" pre-combustion chamber design, it was only ever offered in naturally aspirated form, and used a Lucas LPD injector pump.<ref name=PSATUD5/> Aside from PSA products, this engine was also used by Nissan, Rover, Maruti Suzuki, Tata, and was installed in the Lada Samara for the French importer Poch. Power was up to {{cvt|58|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,000 rpm, with maximum torque of {{cvt|95|Nm|lbft|0}} at 2,250 rpm.

;Applications (PSA): * [[Citroën AX]] 1.5 D – 1994–1997 * [[Citroën Saxo]] 1.5 D – 1996–2003 * [[Citroën ZX]] 1.5 D – 1996–1998 (Portugal only) * [[Citroën Xsara]] 1.5 D – 1997–2000 (Portugal only) * [[Peugeot 106]] 1.5 D – 1995–2004

;Applications (others): * [[Lada Samara]] – 1995–1998 (installed in circa 3,000 examples by FMA Automobiles for {{ill|Poch S.A.|fr|Jacques Poch}}, the French Lada importer) * [[Suzuki Cultus#Maruti Esteem|Maruti Esteem D/Di]] – ??–2005 * [[Maruti Suzuki Zen]] 1.5 D – 1998–200? * [[Mega Club]] Break – 1994–1998 * [[Nissan Micra#K11|Nissan Micra 1.5 D (K11)]] – 1998–2002 * [[Austin Metro#Rover 100|Rover 115 D]] – 1994–1998

==See also==

* [[List of PSA engines]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== *[http://www.autoweb-france.com/index.php?rub=22&cat=3 Guide des moteurs Peugeot Citroën] (in French)

[[Category:Française de Mécanique engines|TU]] [[Category:PSA engines|TU]] [[Category:Nissan engines]] [[Category:Straight-four engines]] [[Category:Diesel engines by model]] [[Category:Gasoline engines by model]]